New coolants: case study Prof. dr. ir. Ibo van de Poel, Faculty of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

New coolants: case study Prof. dr. ir. Ibo van de Poel, Faculty of TPM

CFC 12

CFC 12 • Inflammable

CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic

CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic • Good thermodynamic properties

CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic • Good thermodynamic properties • Stable

CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic • Good thermodynamic properties • Stable But: contribution to ozone depletion

Values

Values • Safety specified as inflammability

Values • Safety specified as inflammability • Health specified as non-toxicity

Values • Safety specified as inflammability • Health specified as non-toxicity • Environmental sustainability specified as:  Low ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential)  Low GWP (Global warming Potential)

Other important design requirements

Other important design requirements • Energy efficiency – good thermodynamic properties

Other important design requirements • Energy efficiency – good thermodynamic properties • Costs and availability

Other important design requirements • Energy efficiency – good thermodynamic properties • Costs and availability • Compatibility – compatibility with materials – miscibility with lubricants (solubility, lubricity) – (minimal) adaptions in compressor

Increasing Toxicity

Health

Increasing Flammabality

Safety

Long atmospheric lifetime

Sustainability

= HFC134a

Why HFC 134a? HFC134a attractive to chemical industry because: • Patentable • Not too inexpensive

Patents HFC 134a 12 10 8 World Intellectual Property 6 Organisation European Patent Office 4 2 US Patent and Trademark 0 Office

Why HFC 134a? Refrigerator firms also choose for HFC134a because of: • Low impact on price • Availability (from chemical firms) • Compressors and lubricants adapted to HFC134a

‘In my nearly 25 years of working with the heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and refrigeration industry , I have never seen this industry put so much time and effort into one problem as they have into the CFC problem’.

Video ‘ Greenfreeze and SolarChill ’

ODP GWP Toxic? Flammable? CFC 12 1 10900 No No HFC 134a 0 1430 No No HC 600a 0 3 No Yes (isobutane)

ODP GWP Toxic? Flammable? CFC 12 1 10900 No No HFC 134a 0 1430 No No HC 600a 0 3 No Yes (isobutane)

Isobutane (HC600a) Codes like ASHRAE 15 Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration: Forbad flammable coolants

Re-specification of safety

Re-specification of safety First: • non-flammability of coolant

Re-specification of safety First: • non-flammability of coolant Later: • ignition and explosion risks of refrigerator

Re-specification of safety First: • non-flammability of coolant Later: • ignition and explosion risks of refrigerator (can also be reduced by refrigerator design)

Summary The greenfreeze innovation was:

Summary The greenfreeze innovation was: • Responsible

Summary The greenfreeze innovation was: • Responsible • Radical

Summary The greenfreeze innovation was: • Responsible • Radical • Initiated by outsiders

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