New inventions: telegraph, RRs, clipper ships, steam engines, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Growth of Industry-Life in the North

• New inventions: telegraph, RR’s, clipper

ships, steam engines, building of factories.

• No need for slavery with this type of economy.
• Immigrants come to find work.

(Mostly Germans and Irish)

• Industrialization gives the North a huge advantage.

SLAVERY: FAMILY LIFE

• Plantation owners dominate society

A slave on the auction block.

• Slaves forbidden to be taught to read and write.

Ways of Rebelling

DRED SCOTT

• A slave who sued for his freedom

because he lived in free territory.

• Court declares he is property,

therefore, he doesn’t have the right to sue. DRED SCOTT DECISION

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Author of: Uncle

Tom’s Cabin

• Sold over 2 million copies.
• Changed the way

people thought about slavery

• Led a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry, VA
• He is captured and executed
• Becomes a martyr for the abolitionists

• Career politician from Kentucky
• Responsible for the Compromise
• f 1850 – Missouri Compromise
• Lost three pres. Elections: 1824,

1832, 1844 HENRY CLAY “I’d rather be right than be president.”

STEPHEN DOUGLAS: “The Little Giant”

• Coined phrase “Popular

Sovereignty”: The voters in a territory would decide if slave or free.

• Debated Lincoln in 1858
• Loses Pres. Election of 1860

to Lincoln

• Democrats split over slavery. Lincoln wins with only 40% of popular vote.
• He is not on the ballot in 10 southern states. South vows to secede.

ELECTION OF 1860

President Jefferson Davis

• South Carolina secedes Dec. 1860
• 10 more states join

FORMATION of the CONFEDERACY

• Jefferson Davis is chosen as president.

FORT SUMTER

• Confederacy bombs this federal fort on 4-12-1861
• Sumter destroyed, no deaths
• Significance: War begins

• 16th President
• Assassinated a week

after the war

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

JEFFERSON DAVIS

• President of the Confederacy
• Held captive for 2 years after

the war

George McClellan

• Union’s first commander
• Fired by Lincoln, rehired,

then fired again

• “Lil Mac” “Young Napoleon”
• Known for being a great
• rganizer; unwilling to fight
• Lost Election of 1864

Ulysses S. Grant

• Commander of Union after

Lincoln fires many.

• Lee surrenders to him at Appomattox.
• Becomes 18th President.

ROBERT E. LEE

• Lincoln asks him to

lead the Union. He declines, refusing to fight against home state

• f Virginia.

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

• Killed by “friendly fire” at Chancellorsville

WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN

• At Shiloh, Vicksburg, Atlanta
• 2nd in command at wars end
• “Total Warfare”: Destroy anything
• f use to the enemy

George Pickett Led “doomed” Pickett’s Charge at Gettysburg

CLARA BARTON

Founder of the American Red Cross “The Angel

• f the

Battlefield”

Julia Ward Howe: Wrote the song, “Battle Hymn of the Republic”

William Carney:

First black American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor – part of 54th Massachusetts

Philip Bazaar: Hispanic who carried dispatches during attack on Ft. Fisher.

Life of a Soldier Clothing, Living Conditions: Incredibly young, most likely to die of dysentery. Food: Not very good, Pay $12 a month Entertainment: Drinking and gambling were big problems.

Medicine During the Civil War

• Very primitive
• Infection treated by

amputation.

UNION and CONFEDERATE Strategy to Win Union: #1 block southern ports #2 seize control of Mississippi River #3 capture Confederate Capitol of Richmond Confederacy: would fight a defensive war and hope the North gives up. Anaconda Plan

1st Bull Run July, 1861

• Both sides inexperienced
• Picnics, “Stonewall”
• Union embarrassed, called “The Great Skedaddle”
• War will last longer than anyone thought
• 5000 casualties
• South wins

SHILOH April, 1862

• Union: Grant Confederacy: Johnston
• Fought to gain control of Tenn. River.
• Over 24,000 casualties.
• Texan, Albert Sydney Johnston killed.
• More casualties than all previous American

wars combined Union victory

Andersonville Prison

• Confederate prison in Georgia
• Built for 10,000; 32,000 held there
• Horrible living conditions, almost 13,000 die

Antietam, Md September 1862 Union: McClellan Confederacy: Lee

• Turns out to be a draw. 23,000 casualties in one day
• The bloodiest day in American history
• Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation

Gettysburg, Pa July 1 2 3 1863 Union: Meade Confederacy: Lee

• Confederacy looking for shoes.
• 51,000 casualties. Pickett’s Charge.
• Turning point of the war: Confederacy

no longer on the offensive.

• Lincoln gives a speech (Gettysburg

Address) to honor the dead: “Four score and seven years ago…”

Vicksburg July 1863 Union: Grant Confederacy: Pemberton

• Vicksburg is an impenetrable fort on the Mississippi
• Grant starves the town into surrendering
• Confederacy split in two.

Sherman’s March to the Sea Nov.-Dec. 1864

• Atlanta captured Sept. 1864
• Destructive march through Georgia

40 miles wide, 400 miles long

Appomattox Court House/Surrender April 1865

• Richmond falls April 2, 1865
• Lee surrenders: War is over.

Battle Summaries

• Fort Sumter, SC (April, 1861) First battle
• First Bull Run VA (July, 1861) First major battle.
• Shiloh, TN (April, 1862) More casualties than all

previous wars combined.

• Antietam, MD (Sept, 1862) Bloodiest day in

American history. Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation.

• Gettysburg, PA (July, 1863) Turning point of the war.
• Vicksburg, MS (July, 1863) Union gains control
• f Mississippi River.
• Sherman’s March to the Sea, GA (Nov-Dec, 1864)

Confederate resources are destroyed.

• Appomattox, VA (April, 1865) Lee surrenders to Grant.

Union wins.

Weapons of the Civil War

• Technology of gun had far surpassed

method of fighting.