Northwest Area Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Response - Status of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Northwest Area Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Response - Status of ESA Consultation with NMFS Scott A. Hecht, Ph.D. Chief, Washington Coast-Lower Columbia River Branch National Marine Fisheries Service Endangered S Speci cies Act
Scott A. Hecht, Ph.D. Chief, Washington Coast-Lower Columbia River Branch National Marine Fisheries Service
BNSF/UP trains transport 154,000 barrels of crude oil from North Dakota/Wyoming to Ferndale/Anacortes Refineries Trans-Mountain pipeline delivers bitumen crude oil from Alberta to Ferndale/Anacortes refineries Olympic pipeline transports refined oil (diesel, gasoline and jet fuel) form Ferndale/Anacortes refineries to Seattle, Tacoma, and Portland. Kinder Morgan pipeline transports refined oil from Portland to Eugene. Tidewater barges deliver refined
Tankers deliver crude oil to Ferndale/ Anacortes refineries Tankers and towed barges transport refined oil from refineries to Seattle/Tacoma Tankers and barges transport refined oil along the West Coast
Red lines = Railways Black lines = Pipelines
Spills into salmonid freshwater spawning, rearing and migration habitat:
staging areas, riparian buffer and floodplain
sediment, vegetation and LWD
sediment,
washing of oiled streambanks into pits and trenches
and equipment
waste Spills into small freshwater tributaries:
tributaries less than 10 feet wide
feet diameter Spills into Columbia River, Willamette River, Puget Sound and Pacific Ocean:
Puget Sound, Strait of Juan de Fuca and Pacific Ocean:
Use of dispersants is pre-approved Use of dispersants must be authorized by regional review team
Likely to Adversely Affect (LAA)
steelhead
Not Likely to Adversely Affect (NLAA)
Oncorhynchus kisutch Thaleichthys pacificus NMFS ESA-listed species within OCNMS
NOAA Fisheries pre-approved monitoring and three hazing actions that the Unified Command will use if killer whales have been observed or are likely to be within 50 miles of an oil spill. 1. Designate a killer whale liaison to initiate communications with killer whale experts, researchers, sighting networks and advocacy groups to monitor/track the whale’s movements relative to cleanup activities and the spill trajectory. 2. Dispatch a trained whale observer to identify the type of killer whales and, if residents, which members of the Southern Resident killer whale population are present. 3. Order real-time reconnaissance (vessels or aircraft) for continuous monitoring if killer whales appear to be moving toward the spill, the spill trajectory, or clean-up activities and/or are found within 20 to 30 miles (6 hours) of oil or trajectory. 4. Ready hazing assets for deployment and staged to be on scene if whales are expected to approach within 10 miles (2 hours) of oil or spill trajectory. 5. Use helicopters, Oikami pipes, and underwater firecrackers deployed from vessels to prevent killer whales from entering oil. (Oikami pipes are reverberating pipes suspended from a vessel into the water and struck with a hammer. They have been effective tools for herding killer whales in near-shore or enclosed waters).
River Steelhead populations Chinook populations Coho populations Chum populations 2000 barrel oil spill concentration after 10 hour of turbulent mixing (ppm)
Columbia River
Steelhead: UCR; Wenatchee River, Entiat River,Crab Creek, Methow River, Okanogan River, Sanpoil River, Kettle River, Pend Oreville, Kooteney River, Spokane River, Hangman Creek. LCR; Tilton River, Upper Cowlitz, Lower Cowlitz, Cispus, NFTR, SFTR, Coweeman, Kalama, NF Lewis, EF Lewis, Salmon Creek Washougal, Sandy, Upper Gorge Tribs, Lower Gorge Tribs, Hood River,
Molalla, North Santiam, South Santiam, Calopooia. Chinook: UCR; Wenatchee River, Entiat river, Methow River, Okanogan River, Sanpoil River, Kettle River, Kooteney River, Spokane River, Hangman Creek. LCR; Youngs Bay, Big Creek, Grays, Elochoman, Mill Creek, Clatskanie, Scappoose, Lower Cowlitz, Upper Cowlitz, Toutle, Coweeman, Kalama, Lewis, Salmon Creek, Washougal, Sandy, Lower Gorge Tribs, Upper Gorge Tribs, Hood River, White Salmon River. Willamette: Clackamas, Mollalla, North Santiam, South Santiam, Calapooia, McKenzie, Middle Fork Willamette Youngs Bay, Big Creek, Chinook and Grays, Elochoman, Mill Creek, Clatskanie, Scappoose, Lower Cowlitz, Tilton, Upper Cowlitz, Cispus, North Fork Toutle, South Fork Toutle, Coweeman, Kalama, North Fork Lewis, East fork Lewis, Salmon Creek, Washougal, Sandy, Lower Gorge Tribs, Upper Gorge Tribs, Hood River, White Salmon River. Youngs Bay, Big Creek, Grays and Chinook, Elochoman, Mill Creek, Clatskanie, Scappoose, Cowlitz, Kalama, Lewis, Salmon Creek, Washougal, Sandy, Lower Gorge Tribs, Upper Gorge Tribs.
200
Mechanical Dispersion of 2000 Barrel Railroad Spill in Columbia River One dimensional simulation of a 2000 barrel train (80,000 gallons) derailment oil spill between the Dalles Dam and the Bonneville Dam with flow velocity of 0.18 meters per second and longitudinal dispersion coefficient of 35 square meters per second.
Action Adverse Effects Coast Guard and EPA will ensure: Vessels and booms Anchors on benthic habitat/redds Environmental Unit consults NMFS on spawning at the spill site Sorbents Concentrated NAPL if sunk or lost Sorbent monitoring and replacement Vehicles and heavy equipment to construct pits and trenches Sediment exposed to erosion, removal of vegetation, lost shade Engineered erosion control Leave lightly oiled vegetation Mechanical excavation and manual removal of contaminated sediment Sediment exposed to erosion, lights at night, removal of benthic organisms, transfer contamination deeper into sediment, workers in streams Equipment and foot traffic restrictions Engineered erosion control Ambient temperature low pressure washing of oiled substrate Sediment Engineered erosion controls Skimming and vacuum May entrain eggs, larvae, small fish EU consults with NMFS Duckbill nozzles Dams and Berms in creek up to 10 meters wide Block or delay migration Consult with NMFS on spawner/smolt presence Culvert blocks Block migration Consult with NMFS on spawner/smolt presence
Action Effect Conservation measures In-situ burn Exposure to burn residue Retrieve burn residue when possible Environmental Unit consults with NMFS Chemical dispersants Increased oil exposure to fish in the water column Rapid dilution Consult with NOAA except in pre-authorized area
Chemical Dispersants are authorized only after consultation with NMFS Case-by-Case Authorization Zones are areas where RRT 10 must approve each application of dispersants, which is done on the first day after a spill
are both within 3 nautical miles from the coastline or an island shoreline, and greater than 10 fathoms (60 ft) in depth;
Sanctuary and waters that are part of the Makah Tribe Usual and Accustomed marine area and that are also greater than 10 fathoms (60 ft) in depth;
Admiralty Head and north, and greater than 10 fathoms (60 ft) in depth; and
the Makah Tribe Usual and Accustomed marine area.
Proposed Action Adverse Effect Best Management Practices Effects Analysis
Use of vessels to move responders and equipment around the spill and position booms Vessels and vessel anchors can disturb shoreline and channel bottom habitat Vessels will not be used in small, shallow spawning streams. NMFS will advise responders on spawning in the stream Anchor damage to channel or benthic substrate will recover during the next bedload moving event. Establish access points from staging areas to the spill. Cut vegetation to construct trails so that vessels and equipment can get to the spill Removing vegetation destabilizes soil and reduces shade to keep water cool. Trails expose sediment that can be eroded into the stream Deploy silt fences to capture eroded sediment until the streambank is restored by Responsible Party The removal of a vegetation to provide access to the spill is unlikely to reduce shade enough to increase the water
responsible party will be required to restore vegetation destroyed in the response. Vacuuming to remove oil concentrated by booming or herding oil in the water
the water Vacuums can entrain early life stage salmonid species and eulachon Vacuums use flat head nozzles to minimize the amount of water collected decrease fish entrainment Vacuuming is done is small areas behind booms where oil is concentrated by booms, herding or flushing to be recovered. Response activity should discourage fish away from this area. Entrainment of small fish will be minimal and not anticipated to produce population level impacts
Proposed Action Adverse Effect Best management practices Effects Analysis
In situ burning will be used to remove
recovered by skimmers or vacuums In situ burning adds heat the re water column and creates a residue that sinks to the bottom and buries critical habitat. Responders will capture and remove as much of the in situ residue as possible. Studies show that minimal in situ burn heat is transferred into the water column. The toxic constituents in the oil are combustible so the residue is non-toxic. In most cases, it will be dispersed naturally over time. In large water bodies where in-situ burns are feasible, the fraction of benthic habitat buried by residue is to small to affect fish foraging. Chemical dispersants will be used to accelerate the mechanical dispersion of oil spills if they threaten to reach sensitive shoreline habitat Chemical dispersants disperse oil vertically so that fish in the water column are more exposed than they are when the slick is floating, and exposed fish may experience toxicity Responders will consult with NMFS to assess trade offs between exposing fish in the water columan to oil and oiling the shoreline. Chemical dispersants are used in large water areas where the probability of fish exposure is much lower than in freshwater streams. Chemical dispersants are not very toxic to fish but the do increase fish exposure to toxic constituents in oil in the upper 10 meters of the water column. Models show that chemically dispersed oil dilutes below toxic concentrations in 1-2 days.
Action agencies delivered final BA to NMFS and USFWS NMFS and Action Agencies initiate consultation BiOp due (135 Days) Federal Shutdown New BiOp due date Start Draft BiOp internal review Complete Draft BiOp internal Review Action Agencies Complete Review of Draft BiOp Final Signed BiOp July 16, 2018 Sept 17,2018 Jan 16, 2018 Dec 22, 2018 to Jan 28, 2019 March 1, 2019 March 12, 2019 April 12, 2019 May 12, 2019 June 1, 2019
Response Actions
Conservation Measures
54,763 barrels of heavy fuel oil into the water over 10 months.
and didn’t reach surface water.
long gash through its starboard cargo tanks, ten miles downstream from Portland.
crude had spilled into the harbor.
refinery in Anacortes to Seattle.
641 barrels of diesel oil into Rosario Strait north of Anacortes.
an additional 904 barrels of bunker oil.
River.
Spill History in Washington State
Chain of command Chart
Federal On Scene Coordinator Planning Environmental Unit