On The Changing Nature of Air Combat: Real and Simulated Dr Michael - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Jun 26, 2023 175 likes •494 views

CLASSIFICATION UNCLASSIFIED: Approved for Public Release UNCLASSIFIED: Approved for Public Release On The Changing Nature of Air Combat: Real and Simulated Dr Michael Papasimeon Dr Clint Heinze Head Aerospace Simulation, Counsellor Defence

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On The Changing Nature of Air Combat: Real and Simulated

Dr Michael Papasimeon

Head Aerospace Simulation, Experimentation & Wargaming Aerospace Operations Research Joint & Operations Analysis Division

Dr Clint Heinze

Counsellor Defence Science & Technology Australian Defence Staff Australian High Commission – London

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1980 Operational Research Group 1983 Combat Effectiveness Group 1988 Studies Group 1991 Studies and Simulation Group 1998 Air Combat Assessment 2001 Aerospace Operational Analysis 2007 Aerospace Capability Assessment 2013 Simulation Experimentation and Wargaming

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Air Combat Constructive Simulation

Operational Analysis in support of:

– TTPs & CONOPS evaluation and assessment – Acquisitions – System upgrades

Monte-Carlo Simulation
Statistical Measures of Effectiveness

– Lethality, Survivability, Exchange Ratios etc

Very large parameter space

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History

PACAUS, SWARMM, dGAME, Battlemodel, ARTEMIS ACE

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Five Generations of Air Combat Simulations

PACAUS SWARMM BattleModel

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Air Combat Simulation Deployed Applications

2000s 1990s Late 1990s – 2000s Late 80s – Mid 90s Late 1990s

PACAUS SWARMM dGAME BattleModel ARTEMIS

Within Visual Range (WVR) Air Combat Constructive Simulation. FORTRAN 77. 100,000+ LOC. Beyond Visual Range (BVR) Air Combat Constructive Simulation. FORTRAN 77 + dMARS Intelligent BDI Agents (AAII). Split between physical models and reasoning models. Distributed, component based architecture with intelligent wrapping. Designed for automated integration of legacy components. dMARS, C++, CORBA. Object oriented simulation framework written in C++ (and dMARS). Designed for integrating legacy components for AEW&C acquisition. Brought about changes in software engineering culture. BattleModel variant for future air combat analysis (F-35A JSF). Hybrid object and agent oriented architecture C++ and JACK (Java). First introduction of team oriented agent programming constructs.

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Fighter Computational Modelling

PLATFORM RADAR RCS IRS RWR WEAPONS RADIO DATALINK CM PILOT EW

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Computational Models of Fighter Systems

Computational Fluid Dynamics Water Tunnel Wind Tunnel IRS Measurement RCS Modelling IRS Modelling RCS Measurement E3 Counter Measures DUEL GEMM MECA DUEL 3D PK Modelling Sensor Models

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Simulation Supporting Air Combat Acquisitions

F/A-18F EA-18G F-35A

Complex Multi-Billion $AUD Acquisitions Supported by Operations Research Simulation

DSTO SME DSTO Analysts Air Combat Domain Knowledge Software Engineering of Air Combat Simulation Technology Research into Autonomous & Intelligent Agents and Artificial Intelligence for modelling fighter pilot decision making extending back over 20 years.

Integrating Components Sourced Across DSTO Built on Foundation of 20 Year R&D Program

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Modelling Tactics and Situational Awareness

Exercises MANTACSIM So (Sci) ACG F/A-18 PAX Agent Architecture Beliefs Desires Intentions  plans Reasoning Architecture Observe (situation awareness) Orient (situation assessment) Decide (course of action) Act (tactics)

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Beliefs, Desires and Intentions (BDI) Model

Internal mental attitudes of a rational BDI agent (or

an agent’s mental state)

Beliefs: what the pilot believes about the world,

itself and other agents (informational)

Desires: What the agents what to achieve

(motivational)

Intentions: how the agents tries to achieves its

desires (deliberational)

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Rational Agency and BDI

Folk Psychology – Daniel Dennet
Rational Agency – Michael Bratman
Formal Logical Framework – Rao and Georgeff
Specific BDI Programming Languages

– PRS, dMARS, JACK, Co-JACK, JAM, GORITE etc.

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Computer Science Cognitive Sciences Knowledge Engineering Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence Intelligent Agents Multi-Agent Systems Autonomy Programming Languages Simulation Architectures Situation Awareness

MICHAEL PAPASIMEON Modelling Agent-Environment Interactions in Multi-Agent Simulations with Affordances DON PERUGINI Agents for Logistics: a Provisional Agreement Approach EMMA NORLING Modelling Human Behaviour with BDI Agents CLINT HEINZE Modelling Intention Recognition for Intelligent Agent Systems DAVID KINNY Fundamentals of Agent Computation Theory: Semantics DAVID MORELY Semantics of Actions, Agents and Environments GIL TIDHAR Organisation Oriented Systems: Theory and Practice SAMIN KARIM Acquiring Plans Within Resource Bounded Agents SUSANNAH SOON Multi-Agent Coordination: A Graph Based Approach to Intention Recognition TODD MANSELL Planning Under Uncertainty RAYMOND SO Situation Awareness in Software Agents: Theory & Practice

Programming Languages Simulation Frameworks

ARTEMIS BattleModel HAVE SWARMM

Methods and Models

PhD Studies

OODA Teams and C3

Research

PRS AgentSpeak dMARS-R dMARS-C2 SimpleTeams JACKTeams OKRA OODA Cognitive Work Analysis JACK-UML extensions “The Four-Box Model” AOSE Intention Oriented Analysis and Design Naturalistic Decision Making Recognition Primed Decisions

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Integration BRAWLER

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External Engagement 2013

Statistical Analysis of Simulation Data

Statistical Consulting Centre Department of Mathematics & Statistics

GPU Sensor Modelling Data Mining Air Combat Simulation Interaction & Visualisation

Vacation Students BRAWLER

Brawler Team USAF/A9 @ The Pentagon Air Combat Constructive Simulation Analysis Methodology Electronic Warfare Modelling WSD

Weapon Systems & CM

WAMUG POC: Russell Connell

AESA Next-Gen AESA Model

NSID: Tim Coombs John Whitrow AD: Maria Vukovic Mike Spataro JOAD: Josef Zuk Lyndon Benke AMIEL

Flight Systems Branch

POC: Kevin McDonald AOSC

Air Operations Simulation Centre Integrated OR Experimentation Analytics AESA Radar Modelling EW Modelling General Computational Modelling

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Example: Air Combat Analytical Capability

Enabling Research S&T Capability Development Client Program Analysis

F/A-18A+ F/A-18F EA-18G F-35A F-111

Simulation Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Science Computer Science Multi-agent Systems Situation Awareness Teams and C2

DSTO Tools Exercises Domain Knowledge

External Tools Australian Tools Staff Training & Subject Matter Experts In-House M&S Capability

MERLIN

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Analyst Workflow

The goal is to support the analyst across the entire

air combat study workflow…

Scenario Setup Simulation Execution Analysis Reporting

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Sample Chart: Engagement Outcome Map

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Future Challenges in Modelling & Simulation

New Capabilities & Contested Environments Situational Awareness Trusted Autonomy Big Data Analysis & Computational Statistics Parallel Computing and HPC Integrated Operations Research

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Exercise Coalition Virtual Flag

Human In The Loop Air Combat Simulation

Operations Research Simulation Technology Research Human Sciences Research Training Research

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Autonomy and Aerospace Operations Research

Autonomous CGFs Blue, Red & White Force Automation Autonomous Weapons UAVs / RPVs Airborne C4ISREW Automation Intelligent Agents in Constructive Simulation

f Air Operations

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