On the Emissions of HCFCs and CFCs Potentially Related to HFC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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On the Emissions of HCFCs and CFCs Potentially Related to HFC - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 03, 2023 274 likes •545 views

On the Emissions of HCFCs and CFCs Potentially Related to HFC Production Martin K. Vollmer 1 , Matt Rigby 2 , Cathy Trudinger 3 , L. Paul Steele 3 Jens Mhle 4 , Stephan Henne 1 , Sunyoung Park 5 AGAGE+ Team 6 . 1 Empa, Material Science and

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On the Emissions of HCFCs and CFCs Potentially Related to HFC Production

Martin K. Vollmer1, Matt Rigby2, Cathy Trudinger3, L. Paul Steele3 Jens Mühle4, Stephan Henne1, Sunyoung Park5 AGAGE+ Team6.

1 Empa, Material Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland 2 University of Bristol, School of Chemistry 3 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 4 Scripps Institution of Oceanography 5 Kyungpook Nat Univ, South Korea 6 Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment and contributions from Firn Air Community, NOAA, ... NOAA ESRL, Boulder, 23 – 24 May. 2017

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

CFCs Halons CCl4 / CH3CCl3 / CH3Br HCFCs PFCs HFCs HFOs Chlorofluorocarbons Montreal Protocol Kyoto Protocol Hydrochloro- fluorocarbons Perfluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons Hydrofluoroolefines 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation

CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-13, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115 H-1211, H-1301, .... HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-31, HCFC-133a, HCFC- 131, HCFC-132b.... HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, PFC-116, PFC-218 ... HFO-1234yf, HFO- 1234ze(E), HCFO- 1233zd(E), ....

Halocarbons

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SLIDE 3

Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFC-133a (CF3CH2Cl, lifetime 4.5 yr)

Medusa- GCMS Empa-2013 calibration scale AGAGE 12-box model updates of Vollmer et al., 2015

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFCs as intermediates in the HFC production

Trichloroethylene

HCFC-133a

(Chlorotrifluoroethane)

HFC-134a

(Tetrafluoroethane)

HCFC-133a

HF HF HF HF HF

Global Emissions: 180 kt/yr Global Emissions: 2 kt/yr

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFC-133a at selected AGAGE sites

Time (years) Mol Fraction [ppt]

Jungfraujoch Cape Grim Gosan

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFC-133a (CF3CH2Cl, lifetime 4.5 yr)

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFC-31 (CH2ClF, lifetime 1.2 yr)

updates of Schoenenberger et al., 2015

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFCs as intermediates in the HFC production

Methylene Chloride

HCFC-31 (Chlorofluoromethane)

HFC-32 (Difluoromethane) Trichloroethylene

HCFC-133a

(Chlorotrifluoroethane)

HFC-134a

(Tetrafluoroethane)

HCFC-133a HCFC-31

HF HF HF HF HF

Global Emissions: 180 kt/yr Global Emissions: 20 kt/yr Global Emissions: 0.6 kt/yr Global Emissions: 2 kt/yr

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Global CFC-115 Observations (CClF2CF3, lifetime 540 yr)

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Global CFC-115 emissions

C2Cl4  C2ClF5 (CFC-115)  C2HF5 (HFC-125) ~0.4 kt/yr (excess) 40 kt/yr

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

CFC-115 Impurities in the refrigerant HFC-125 (leaking ACs)

CFC-115 / HFC-125 = 1 – 7 x 10-4 mol/mol 40 kt/yr HFC-125  4 – 28 t/yr CFC-115 Relationship dependent on AC Refill Batch

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

CFC-115 at selected AGAGE sites

Cape Grim Jungfraujoch Gosan

Time (years)

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Conclusions

Find Halocarbons with no known purposeful end use

Speculate to leak out as intermediates/byproducts from HFC synthesis

Observe and determine emission / use as tracers

Acknowledgments

Halclim (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, FOEN)

International Foundation High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG)

AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment)

Station personnel at sites

Provider of archived air samples

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Title

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Title

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Title

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

CFC-115 emission hotspots (based on Gosan Measurements)

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

End

Halclim (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, FOEN)

International Foundation High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG)

AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment)

Station personnel at sites

Provider of archived air samples

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Title

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SLIDE 20

Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFCs/CFCs as intermediates in the HFC production

Methylene Chloride

HCFC-31 (Chlorofluoro- methane)

HFC-32 (Difluoro- methane) Trichloro- ethylene

HCFC-133a

(Chlorotrifluoro ethane)

HFC-134a

(Tetrafluoro ethane)

HCFC-133a HCFC-31

HF HF HF HF HF

CFC-115

CFC-115

Tetrachloro- ethylene HFC-125 (Pentafluoro- ethane)

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SLIDE 21

Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFCs as intermediates in the HFC production

Methylene Chloride

HCFC-31 (Chlorofluoromethane)

HFC-32 (Difluoromethane) Trichloroethylene

HCFC-133a

(Chlorotrifluoroethane)

HFC-134a

(Tetrafluoroethane)

HCFC-133a HCFC-31

HF HF HF HF HF

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SLIDE 22

Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFCs as intermediates in the HFC production

Methylene Chloride

HCFC-31 (Chlorofluoromethane)

HFC-32 (Difluoromethane) Trichloroethylene

HCFC-133a

(Chlorotrifluoroethane)

HFC-134a

(Tetrafluoroethane)

HCFC-133a HCFC-31

HF HF HF HF HF

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SLIDE 23

Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Global CFC-115 Observations (CClF2CF3, lifetime 540 yr)

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SLIDE 24

Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

Global CFC-115 emissions

C2Cl4  C2ClF5 (CFC-115)  C2HF5 (HFC-125)

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

CFCs Halons CCl4 / CH3CCl3 / CH3Br HCFCs PFCs HFCs HFOs Chlorofluorocarbons Montreal Protocol Ozone Depletion Substances Greenhouse Gases Kyoto Protocol Hydrochloro- fluorocarbons Perfluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons Hydrofluoroolefines 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation

CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-13, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115 H-1211, H-1301, .... HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-31, HCFC-133a, HCFC- 131, HCFC-132b.... HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, PFC-116, PFC-218 ... HFO-1234yf, HFO- 1234ze(E), HCFO- 1233zd(E), ....

Halocarbons

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Materials Sci ence & Technolog y

HCFC-31 at an urban site (Zurich-Dubendorf)

Time (years)