Open n Wo Workshop shop on Micr croalgae oalgae Market ket - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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open n wo workshop shop on micr croalgae oalgae market ket
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Open n Wo Workshop shop on Micr croalgae oalgae Market ket - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 22, 2023 194 likes •713 views

Open n Wo Workshop shop on Micr croalgae oalgae Market ket Robert Reinhardt AlgEn, algal technology centre, Slovenia robert@algen.si AlgaeBio eBioGas as Agenda Introduction to Algae Algae and biogas: recycling ling nutrients

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Robert Reinhardt AlgEn, algal technology centre, Slovenia robert@algen.si

Open n Wo Workshop shop on Micr croalgae

  • algae Market

ket

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SLIDE 2

AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Agenda

  • Introduction to Algae
  • Algae and biogas: recycling

ling nutrients rients and CO CO2

  • Algal-bacterial treatment

ment of biogas digestate

  • Algae as biogas feedst

stock

  • ck with 3-5 times

better efficiency compared to energy crops

  • Biogas digestate as algal nutrient

rient - higher value products

  • AlgaeBioGas project

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Algae

  • very large and diverse group of simple
  • rganisms
  • mostly aquatic
  • typically autotrophic - photosynthetic
  • from unicellular to multicellular
  • not organized into distinct (plant) organs
  • cyanobacteria, microalgae, macroalgae
  • taxonomy ≠ technology

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Modern (microbial) taxonomy

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Macroalgae

Ulva sp. Macrocystis pyrifera Laminaria hyperborea Lattissima saccharina Laminaria digitata Sargassum natans

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Microalgae & cyanobacteria

Chlorella vulgaris Scenedesmus quadricauda Arthrospira (Spirulina) sp. Heomatoccoccus pluvialis Dunaliella salina Botryococcus braunii Nannochloropsis

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Photosynthesis

Algae

Sun

CO CO2 Nutrients N, P, … O2 Biomass

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as Increasing value

Algae uses

  • Energy use

– Lipids -> biodiesel – Sacharids (carbohydrates) -> bioethanol – Biogas feedstock

  • Organic fertilizers
  • Animal food, fish food
  • Human food
  • Nutriceuticals (antioxydants, vitamines, PUFA –

poly-unsaturated fatty acids)

  • Many more (mostly unknown) bio-active

compounds

High protein content

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Algal Technology

  • How to gr

grow and d use e alg lgae

  • Biology – species, content, growth conditions
  • Technology – nutrients, CO2, light
  • Economy – energy and cost efficiency
  • Biorefinery – separation and down-stream

processing

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Open systems

Seambiotic, Israel Sunchlorella, China Cyanotech, Hawaii Sapphire Energy, USA

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Large open production

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Closed systems - photobioreactors

Kibutz Kitura, Israel Provirion, Belgium Algomed, Germany

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

A large closed system

  • Roquette Klötze: Chlorella for

food & feed

  • 500 km glass tubes (600m3)
  • 130 t/year
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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

the remaining biomass is returned to biogas production

AlgaeBioGas Basic Cycle

Bio Refine finery ry

CO2, heat

digestate as source of nutrients

algal gal biomas mass

Electr ectric ical al power er Produc ucts ts from algal biomass ass

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

AlgaeBioGas – model 1MWe plant

Bio Refine finery ry

CO2, heat

digestate as source of nutrients

the remaining biomass is returned to biogas production algal gal biomas ass

Produc ucts ts from algal biomass ass Electr ectric ical al power er 1MW

Area for biogas installation, silage storage and digestate storage: 5-6 ha To reuse CO2 from 1MW biogas plant we need 50 50-85 85 ha of algal ponds – (not necessarily appropriate for agricultural production) For 1MW of electrical power we need 340 ha of energy crops To treat digestatefrom 1MW biogas plant we need 3-5 ha of algal ponds

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Anaerobic digestion

Archaea Bacteria CO CO2 Nutrients N, P, … O2 Organic matter CH CH4 Substrate Biogas Feedstock Biogas digestate Biogas

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Possible optimizations

  • Digestate treatment
  • Feedstock production
  • Algae production

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Digestate as Fertilizer

Warning: This topic may be politically controversial

  • By spreading the digestate we return exactly the

same minerals that we removed by harvesting the energy feedstock

  • Assumption: SAME area
  • YES, but in liquid form:

– highly diluted – high logistic cost (storage, transportation) – flushing the CEC of the soil

  • Separation into solid and liquid phase

– solid phase is useful as fertilizer – better logistics – same machinery – no liquid flush

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Unterfrauner, 2010

  • 40 weeks trial, 50 m3/ha
  • Application of biogas fermentation residues can adversely affect soil fertility
  • High content of free K ions -> acidification, overloading of the sorption complex,

destruction of the aggregates

  • Addition of CaCO3, MgCO3, CaSO4, Al silicate improved the results significantly
  • Unterfrauner, H, et al. 2010, Auswirkung von Biogasguelle auf Bodenparameter, 2.

Umwelt oekologisches Symposium 2010, 59-64, Raumberg-Gumpenstein.

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Fertili tilizer er (Incinera eratio tion if if waste te) Biolog logica cal treatm tmen ent (anaero erobi bic / / aerobi bic)

Digestate separation

20 Diges esta tate te Liquid phase (cen entrate) trate) Solid phase Enviro ronmen ent Volume 80-95% Volume 5-20%

  • Simpler and less costly

logistics (storage, transport, spreading)

  • Existing spreading

technology

  • Mixing with other

components (adjusted nutritional and soil conditioning value) Sludge

  • Loss of nutrients
  • High energy

consumption 80-100 m3/day 30.000 m3/yr 65-90 m3/day 5- 20 m3/day 6000 m3/yr 1MWe model case

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Digestate centrate

  • What do we do with the liquid phase?

– classical biological WWT is the most frequent answer – high cost:

  • investment,
  • aeration power
  • bacterial sludge disposal

– Nutrients are lost

  • C, N-loss = energy
  • P-loss = substance, eutrophication

– GHG emissions

  • Aerobic treatment mostly converts biomass to CO2

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Biological Wastewater Treatment

Bacteria CO2 Nutrients N, P, … O2 Organic matter Treated water Waste water Bacterial sludge Aeration GHG

Removed in polishing process - Tertiary treatment

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Photosynthesis

Algae

Sun

CO CO2 Nutrients N, P, … O2 Biomass

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Algal Bacterial (ALBA) Wastewater Treatment

Algae

Sun

Bacteria CO2 Nutrients N, P, … O2 Organic matter Treated water Waste water Algal Bacterial sludge

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Digestate treatment

Algae Sun Bacteria CO2 Nutrients N, P, … O2 Organic matter Treated water Algal Bacterial sludge Archaea Bacteria CO CO2 Nutrients N, P, … O2 Organic matter CH CH4 Substrate Biogas Feedstock Biogas digestate Biogas Fertilizer

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Algal bacterial WWT (ALBA WWT) ideas

  • at least 55 years old (e.g. Oswald 57)
  • lagoon treatment
  • shifting objectives in the past
  • purpose of algal biomass
  • algae : bacteria - C : N
  • more diverse microbial community  less

sensitive to sudden changes (antibiotics, biocides, salt, …)

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

A research topic of today

  • No state of the art universal solutions
  • Algae bacterial community is unstable
  • Needs to be tightly controlled
  • Digestate may be black – no light for algae
  • Removal of heavy metals, endocrine

disruptors, accumulated toxic substances, …

  • Should be independent of weather

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

The ALBA pilot (Cornet Albaqua 2011)

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Hybrid ALBA WWT

anaerobic digestion

CO2 pretreatment secondary & tertiary treatment inoculation PBR aeration when needed primary treatment secondary clarifier biogas clean water fertilizer CO2 nutrients bioproducts gas motor electrical power CO2 bio- refinery

light part algae-bacterial treatment dark part

aeration by algae

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Many open issues

  • dark – light sections
  • how long good oxygenation lasts?
  • floc ecology
  • Auto-flocculation
  • how to control the microbial composition (algae-

bacteria balance)

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Expected performance (digestate treatment)

  • Model biog

iogas as CHP wit ith 1 MW MWe

  • to recycle major part of nutrients
  • area 3 - 5 ha
  • volume 3000 – 17000 m3
  • 60 – 200 t algae bacterial biomass p.a.
  • use approx the same amount of waste paper pulp
  • replacing 120 – 400 t dry mass of corn = 360 –

1200 t of corn silage

  • replacing 8 – 26 ha of corn fields

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Optimization for biomass production

  • Larger area
  • Longer retention time
  • More diluted digestate
  • CO2 introduction
  • More algae, less bacteria

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Algae as biogas substrate

  • Hard to digest
  • C : N ratio

– high C substrate should be added (i.e. cellulose)

  • Pretreatment required

– Heating, enzymatic, fungal, bacterial, ultrasonification, pressure shock, …

  • Thermophilic process optimal
  • If done properly biogas productivity comes close

to corn silage (based on dry weight)

  • Depends on species & composition

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Economy

  • More expensive than corn
  • Makes sense:

– if we have substantial non agricultural area available – if we leverage on energy crop subsidies – if we are co-producing high value products

  • Digestate treatment makes sense:

– always when the required area is available

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

High value products

  • Extract some components of the biomass before returning it to AD
  • Obvious ideas:

– extract lipids for biodiesel (not really high value) – biofuels from algae are to be counted quadruple – extract proteins for animal feed

  • Other uses – biorefinery:

– antioxydants, pigments, PUFA – biomass for food – organic production

  • Need for thorough preprocessing before use for animal feed, food
  • r nutriceuticals – hygienization, removal of toxic substances,

heavy metals, …

  • A combination of physical and biological pre-treatment
  • Very high-valued products can afford high-priced nutrients

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Economy

  • Corn silage replacement: 200€/t
  • Biofuels: 900€/t (tax release

included)

  • Spirulina for animal food: 7000€/t
  • Organic spirulina for human food:

20-70€/kg

  • Astaxantin: 150 - 3000 €/kg (depends
  • n purity)
  • Phycocyanin: 20 - 2000000 €/kg

(depends on purity)

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

AlgaeBioGas Project

  • Algal treatment of biogas digestate and

feedstock production

  • An Eco-Innovation project (CIP-EIP-Eco-

Innovation-2012)

  • Pilot and market replication project
  • Two partners:
  • AlgEn, algal technology centre,
  • KOTO, biogas operator, animal waste treatment facility

both in Ljubljana, Slovenia

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

AlgaeBioGas Objectives

  • Objectives:
  • Demonstration centre design, construction, operation
  • Prepare technology for replication
  • Market development activities
  • Now in Month 15:
  • Demonstration centre operational
  • Legislation analysis, LCA, business planning
  • Complementary technologies being tested
  • Technical development (controls, ponds)
  • Presentations & visits starting

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Demonstration centre

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Subsystems

  • Ponds: main & inoculation
  • Mixing equipment
  • Greenhouse
  • Heating & cooling
  • Exhaust gas supply (cooling, purification)
  • Digestate supply (separation, anaerobic filter,

storage)

  • Sedimenter/ clarifier & recycling
  • Control system
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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Location

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Biogas plant WWT plant CHP

Gas motor Heat exchanger

Digestate separation AlgaeBioGas Biofilter

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Before construction

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Construction

http://algaebiogas.eu/node/50

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Greenhouse, ponds, mixing, CO2

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Digestate preparation

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Control & instrumentation

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Future

  • Preparation for market replication
  • Life Cycle Assessment
  • Legislation analysis, marketing, partners
  • Complementary technologies:

– Digestate pre-treatment (Algadisk or “Algadisk 2.0” technology) – Auto(bio)flocculation – ALBA biomass pre-treatment for biogas – Animal feed trials (fish, chicken)

  • Technical & manufacturing

– More cost-effective – Better performance – More control

  • Partners: marketing & implementation service
  • Ready for second replicat

ation ion (at an early-adopt adopter site - challe leng nge us us)

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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

The project approach

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PROJECT

lab scale testing & analysis microbial community feasibility study project planning pilot installation

adjustments &

  • ptimisation

final installation

monitoring, maintenance and support

  • nutrient content analysis
  • heavy metals
  • flue gases
  • physical characteristics
  • maintenance of algal bank
  • knowledge of species &

their characteristics

  • maintenance of algal mixes
  • adaptation procedures
  • clone library
  • markers
  • sizing and capacity

planning

  • energy balance
  • materials balance
  • life cycle assessment
  • nutrient source, preparation

& augmentation

  • data collection: input,
  • utput & operating

parameters

  • variations of operating

parameters

  • extreme operations
  • microbial community

analysis

  • construction
  • installation
  • operation
  • project management
  • supervision & auditing
  • process design
  • pre-treatment
  • downstream process
  • land use, permits
  • construction
  • installation
  • financing
  • outsourcing
  • optimizations for
  • biomass,
  • flocculation,
  • bioproducts
  • seasonal influences &

extreme operations

  • predator analysis
  • data collection
  • remote monitoring
  • scheduled maintenance
  • spares
  • repairs
  • upgrades
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AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Future 2

  • ALBA technology development:

– Partnership with Aqualia (coordinator of FP7 All-Gas project), PTS (coordinator of Cornet Albaqua and AlbaPro) – ALBAtross proposal for H2020. – Cooperation with BFC (coordinator of similar Eco-innovation

project CoFert).

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SLIDE 50

AlgaeBio eBioGas as

Thank you for your attention

  • Questions?
  • Welcome to visit the demonstration

centre.

  • Grand opening in Spring 2015 – sign-in for

invitation.

  • Combined with an (EABA) event Algae & Wastewater

(first pre-announcement)

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