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Organics through the eyes of an Organic Inspector Ib Hagsten, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Organics through the eyes of an Organic Inspector Ib Hagsten, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Organics through the eyes of an Organic Inspector Ib Hagsten, Ph.D., CAC Hagsten Enterprises International, Inc. & Chair, International Organic Inspectors Assoc. 1 My journey to todays topic: Worked on crop/livestock farms in five
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My journey to today’s topic:
- Worked on crop/livestock farms in five countries for nine
years observing & experiencing.
- Felt good about the animal husbandry “lived” & the “patch-
farming” experienced, where we seemingly were in harmony with nature.
- Rather than specialize, I broadened my education:
- General agriculture
- M.Sci. agronomy & dairy science
- MS & Ph.D. beef cattle & swine nutrition
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“Patch-Farming” = Varied Crop Rotation
1940 in KS & 2010 in Iowa: Both with obvious crop rotation
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My journey to today’s topic:
- Consulting Nutritionist – troubleshooting with livestock
farmers (animal husbandry & feed issues)
- Professional Services Specialist (animal health):
- researched & lectured on improved swine health
- developed & lectured on pig parasite prevention
- supported animal health (cattle/swine/poultry)
- lectured on cattle hormone replacement
- Luckily they closed down the department.
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My journey to today’s topic:
- Anhydrous ammonia:
- It didn’t make sense to:
- a. made soil rock hard,
- b. undermine a balanced soil environment,
- c. use chemicals designed to turn sandy beaches into
wartime air landing strips
Lower dollar bill - left in field shrank - when anhydrous was applied in the farmer’s field ...
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My journey to today’s topic:
- Injecting Dairy Cows with rBST(recombinant bovine
somatotropin):
- It did not make sense to inject each milking cow every day so
she could produce a few more gallons of milk ... especially when the country already had milk excesses and a cheese glut in governmental cold storage.
- Of course, once consumers found out about the extra
hormones, it took less than a year for the product to be pulled from the market.
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My journey to today’s topic:
- Hormonal Replacement in Beef Heifers:
- It did not make sense to me to “mess with a teenage heifers’
hormones” in the name of a few extra pounds of meat being produced.
- When our company merged with the developers of RU486 (the
“morning-after pill”), my personal pro-life views brought me further into conflict with the corporate culture that surrounded me.
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My journey to today’s topic:
- GMO’s (Genetically Modified Organisms):
- It never felt right to “mess with genetics in the laboratory”.
- It does not make sense to have a company “mess with
genetics” without scrutiny.
- It makes little sense for our USDA to approve GMO’s without
appropriate environmental, human health, or residue studies/assessments.
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My journey to today’s topic:
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My journey to today’s topic:
- IOIA (International Organic Inspectors Association):
- An attempt to diversify my consulting portfolio & more
importantly “fill in the valleys” between major projects.
- I took the four-day training course & nothing happened.
- After some “hustle” one certifier gave me a chance to inspect
ten farms & before the end of that year 182 more.
- Now I work independently for ten different certifiers (that all are
accredited by USDA’s NOP).
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My journey to today’s topic:
IOIA
- Standards: USDA/NOP (National Organic Program)
- Certifying agencies (ACA’s): USDA “runs” the program; 52 ACA’s
implement organic verification on USDA’s behalf. They handle the paperwork, verification, on-the-ground inspectors. Certifiers have paid staff or independent contract inspectors.
- Organic inspectors are the “eyes and ears” on the ground. Annually they
make on-site inspections to verify the requirements set forth by the NOP. In order for products and produce to be classified as “certified organic,” they must meet these national standards.
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My journey to today’s topic:
IOIA
Look at the label…
- when you see the USDA organic seal the product is certified organic
[ 100% organic / Organic (>95%) / Made with (> 70%) ]
- and an inspector has visited/verified/reported at every step of the way
[ seed /farm / handler / processor / retailer ]
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My journey to today’s topic:
IOIA
- Since I am enjoying what I do, the clients enjoy my visits as an inspector, and the certifiers
accept my reports, I have now completed more than 1,700 organic inspections.
- Additionally, being recognized in the industry, this one move to “get good at it” has
- pened many doors, such as:
- Auditing for Sustainable Agriculture in Horticulture
- Auditing for GAP-5 Whole Foods Animal Welfare Program
- Completing Transition to Organic Conservation for NRCS
- Consulting & lecturing throughout the US & in Mexico
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Organic Production…
- Is a production system managed to respond to site-specific conditions by integrating
cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity (NOP – USDA’s National Organic Program)
- Sounds and feels much like the “patch-farming” I grew up with
and appreciated …
Organic production…
- Production Practices - that maintain and improve natural resources of the
farming operation, including soil and water quality
- Natural Resources - physical, hydrological, and biological
features of a production operation, including soil, water, wetlands, woodlands and wildlife.
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Organic Production…
“… producers must conserve biodiversity on his/her farm … must initiate practices to support biodiversity and avoid, to the extent practicable, activities that would diminish it.”
- Preamble, NOP organic production definition
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Organic Production is …
Crop rotation is expected to: (1) avoid consecutive years with similar crops. (2) minimize crop and soil diseases through rotation. (3) maintain a balance between crops that are: (a) soil builders -- sod, forages & legumes (b) neutral -- cereals, cover crops, green manure (c) soil destroyers -- vegetables, corn, beans, potatoes (4) increase soil organic matter over time.
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Organic Production…
Crop rotation will increase soil organic matter over time ...
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Organic Production…
- Production to meet the organic production practices ...
as discussed above ...
- Plus, farming, handling and processing without:
- Chemical fertilizers
- Chemical herbicides
- Chemical pesticides
- Therefore, we need to use applied technology with the
knowledge that the industry “left behind” ...
- What did Grandpa know that we forgot?
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Where else can you experience …?
- Farms of all sizes (crops, livestock & poultry)?
- Production from A thru Z?
- Production all over the U.S.?
- Product handling?
- Product processing?
- Food Retailing (from headquarters to store shelves)?
- ... AND get paid for the experiences, too?
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Where else? … Production from A to Z
Production systems inspected include …
- From aloe vera in Southern Texas
…to zucchini in Lancaster PA.
- A variety of unique crops as well as corn, soybeans & wheat
- Cilantro and tilapia greenhouse symbiosis in IL; cotton; herbs; maple syrup;
mushrooms; medicinal plants; pecans; chestnuts; spices; sprouts ; sugar cane; tobacco; vineyards; and wild crops.
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Where else? … Handling Inspections
Product handling systems inspected include …
- Sugar handling in major ports and near the production sites.
- Coffee Import, Unloading, Storage, Sales & Distribution
- Exotic Fruits Imported, Repackaged & then distributed
- Grain: from on-farm bins to 480 harbor silos by a seaport
- Handlers of grain, coffee, sugar, tea, produce and frozen or packaged
food distributors)
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Where else? ... Retail inspections - from store to headquarters
- Whole Foods retail inspections at stores in several states, at
distribution centers, and at the corporate headquarters in TX.
- Target produce department inspections in 10 states (VA. to AZ.).
- HEB of Texas inspections of food processing, dairy plants, and
corporate headquarter in San Antonio.
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Where else? … Processor Inspections
Processing systems inspected include:
- Baking operations with up to 300 employees
- Bottling of teas, vitamin drinks, health drinks
- Butter & cheese processing from on-farm to 70,000 sq. ft. plant
- Canning, coffee roasting, & cosmetics (garage to huge plants)
- Extrusion, fermentation, flaking & flour milling
- Honey extraction
- Meat packing
- Dairy, cheese, yogurt, baby food production
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Where else? … Processor Inspections
Processing systems inspected include:
- Grain cleaning
- Juicing
- Meat slaughter & processing facilities
- Milk
- Pasta & Tortillas
- Spices & Sugar
- Egg Grading
- Vitamins & Nutrition Supplements
- Pet Foods (parakeets to horses)
- Vodka
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Why are there organic inspections and inspectors?
- NOP requires an annual, on-site inspection/audit trail verification of the
entire process and every individual step across the spectrum from “seed to farm to handler to processor to retail shelf or export.”
- At each step, an extremely detailed Organic Systems Plan (OSP)
approved by an accredited certifying agent (ACA) for the National Organic Program (NOP) of the USDA, is in place and verifiably maintained.
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Why are there organic inspections and inspectors?
At each step, an independent inspector audits all parts of the operation,
- rganic and conventional, in order to:
- determine that the OSP reflects actual activities by reviewing daily
activity logs.
- ensure that all inputs are also organically approved.
- conduct an audit trail/mass balance inventory and ensure that both
are reconciled to assure that the organic integrity is maintained not only at that location, but with the entire production chain
- write and submit a comprehensive report.
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Farm Inspections:
- All fields are walked/driven/dirt kicked to assess organic matter.
- Crops being grown as indicated in maps and field histories.
- Conservation practices are studied. (cont.)
Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Farm Inspections (…cont.)
- Buffers are verified; fields are checked to assess
evidence of chemical drift.
- Equipment inspected & cleaning documented.
- Storage areas verified (numbered/labeled).
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Farm Inspections (…cont.)
- Meticulous records are then reviewed to determine:
- that the land itself is certifiable, that individual fields
are detailed, have ample buffers, and protection/segregation from conventional contamination, as well as possible run-on.
- that pre-approved seeds, seed searches and fertility
inputs were used, with their respective current organic certificates.
- that pest, disease & weed control activities are in
compliance with the NOP rule.
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Farm Inspections (…cont.)
- water samples and soil tests results, both on-hand and current
- harvest logbooks with lot numbering system (for traceability)
- storage with bin registry accounting & transport records
- cross-referenced shipping & sales records to ensure that no more
- rganic sales took place than possible for the specific farm & crops
grown (particular emphasis of farms with parallel production of same
- r similar crops the same year).
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Livestock Inspections
- For livestock, in addition to a crop report, we conduct a livestock
report, which specifically contains information on organic livestock/poultry; eligibility for breeding or slaughter.
- We account for all other non-organic animals on the farm by animal
ID, breed, age, medical and homeopathic treatments, birth records/animal origin, physical alterations, reproductions.
- Assessment of adequate and welfare-friendly living conditions.
- Ruminants: a whole new chapter on grass/forages requirements.
- For all animals & poultry: access to the outdoors &/on pasture.
Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Livestock Inspections (cont.)
- For all animals & poultry: access to the outdoors and/or
pasture.
- Feed and feed supplements, either on-farm or purchased.
- Transportation to the farm, on the farm, away from the farm.
- Slaughter or sales (animal inventory)
- Milk handling, with emphasis on the “medicine cabinet”.
- Audit trail includes feed inventory assessment: either enough
- f farm-grown feed and enough purchased feed for a year.
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Livestock Inspections (cont.)
- Milk handling (with emphasis on the “medicine cabinet”)
- DMI for the various ruminants at each age
- Accounting of every animal purchased,
culled, dead, ill, segregation of treated animals ... all with full documentation
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Organic Inspections and Inspectors
Processing Inspections
- Obviously follows the similar rigorous criteria of
assessments, observations, verifications & report writing every step of the way ...
- Since the audience most likely would be primarily
interested in the crop & livestock specifics, I will leave the rest to your imagination or to the Q&A session later.
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Why Organic Inspections and Inspectors?
- Protecting Organic Integrity: 30,000 on-site annual
NOP inspections by ACA inspectors to monitor compliance with USDA organic standards. Robust compliance & enforcement activities. Issues-based investigations & specific residue testing.
- Organic Crops: USDA seal verifies that irradiation,
sewage sludge, synthetic fertilizers, prohibited pesticides, & genetically modified organisms were not used.
- Organic Livestock: USDA seal verifies that producers
met animal health & welfare standards, did not use antibiotics or growth hormones, used 100% organic feed, & provided birds/animals with access to the outdoors.
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Who are the Organic Farmers I’ve met?
- Old hippies - with ponytail & sandals - who are “tree-
huggers” & for whom organic is a lifestyle ...
- Older farmers, who never “bought into” chemical
farming methods (for a variety of good reasons) ...
- Middle-aged farmers, who observed the health
deterioration of him/herself, a family member, or a neighbor & discovered the organic alternative ...
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Who are the Organic Farmers I’ve met?
- Middle-aged farmers who looked around for an
alternative value-added avenue to save the multi- generational farm and found organic to be best fit.
- Young people who believe in the benefits to the soil, to
them, & to their customers of organics.
- Folks who are chasing the “almighty dollar” and looking
for the extra 20% margin - only (<5%).
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What are the Organic Farms I’ve seen?
- Two acres of intensive produce & greenhouse providing
a living for a young hard-working couple.
- 10-20 acres of produce, greenhouse, pasture eggs that
provides a living for multi-generations.
- 80 acres of beef cattle with intensive “MOB” grazing that
carries 80 cow/calf pairs in Michigan
- 200 acres of corn, soybeans, wheat, flax, oats & alfalfa
that, when well-managed, send kids to college.
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What are the Organic Farms I’ve seen?
- 500-1,000 acres of diversified farming where a full-
time farmer controls weeds mechanically & produces 200-bushel corn/90-bushel wheat.
- 1,000 ac. of seven cuttings of irrigated alfalfa hay.
- 2,000 & up to 35,000 acres of dryland wheat.
- Amish / Mennonite: large families with ample labor
available whose purpose is to rear/provide for
- ffspring.
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Who are the Organic Processors I’ve met?
- Egg sorting/grading operations (farm-to-packer).
- Slaughter/packing plants (unique challenge: the
absence of USDA processing facilities).
- Coffee plants, from small local baristas to major intl.
importers roasting up 8-million pounds of green coffee annually.
- Creameries and dairy processing plants (50,000-
150,000 sq. ft.).
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Who are the Organic Processors met?
- Woman making baby food or pet food in her garage.
- Family producing 100% health food options.
- Cooperative processing and selling member crops.
- Grain & rice processors producing 90+% organics
- Jam & preserve group processing 60% organics
- Major agribusiness companies with organic production
share of 5% to less than 1% of total.
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Thank you
- Any questions?