OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT Z. Maamar 1 , N. Faci 2 , E. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT

• Z. Maamar1, N. Faci2, E. Kajan3, M. Asim4, and A. Qamar4

ADBIS 2020 - 25-27 August

Outline

1

Introduction

2

Related work

3

Contributions

4

Conclusion

Outline

1

Introduction

2

Related work

3

Contributions

4

Conclusion

IoT Context & Challenges

Ever-growing number of things

Figure: Gartner estimation (2021): 20.8 Billion things

However, same challenging concerns as Web services technologies: description, discovery, composition, cognition, vetting, and many others.

⇒ Importance of semantically describing things in preparation for

their discovery and then, composition into complex business scenarios.

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 1 / 11

Outline

1

Introduction

2

Related work

3

Contributions

4

Conclusion

Related work on semantic IoT

Some approaches describe things for semantic interoperability

⇒ Necessary but not sufficient for service discovery and composition.

Others describe things for semantic discovery and composition

• Things as Services
• Things as Resources

⇒ Not exhaustive description of things

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 2 / 11

Outline

1

Introduction

2

Related work

3

Contributions

4

Conclusion

Contributions

Resort to the well-defined standard OWL-S (Ontology Web Language for Services) to develop our Ontology Web Language for Things (OWL-T).

• Semantic description of things from 3 dimensions: interaction,

consumption, and operation

• Concepts to answer 5 questions related to thing discovery:

1

with whom does a thing interact?

2

what resources does a thing consume?

3

what does a thing do?

4

how does a thing work?

5

how is a thing invoked?

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 3 / 11

OWL-T’s Overview

Thing

thingProfile thingModel (duty) thingGrounding

described by exposes supports consumes interacts

thingNode thingResource Interaction dimension Consumption dimension Operation dimension Atomic Composite Technology Sensing Actuating Sensing Communicating Actuating Communicating Sensing Actuating Communicating Sensing Actuating Communicating Cloud Fog Thing (peer) Public Private Physical Logical

Concrete area Conceptual area Legend Instantiates

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 4 / 11

Interaction dimension

Shed light on the stakeholders that form a thing’s ecosystem and hence, will engage in interactions with the thing.

Node thingNode Fog Cloud Peer

Subclass ObjectProperty DatatypeProperty Legend nodeCloseness nodeName textDescription

Figure: OWL-T interaction representation

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 5 / 11

Operation dimension

Shed light on the capabilities of a thing in terms of

• What they do - thingModel (duty)
• How they do what they do - thingProfile
• How they are deployed - thingGrounding

What are a thing’s duties?

Thing sensing (0,1) actuating (0,1) communicating (0,1)

is meant for e x c h a n g e

• e

x c h a n g e

• e

x c h a n g e

• Figure: Representation of a thing’s atomic duties
• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 6 / 11

Operation dimension - Thing Model

What things do

composedOf

Chronology Composite Atomic Actuating (a) Sensing (s) Communicating (c) .......... sc sac ac Model thingModel Duty

corresponds Subclass ObjectProperty DatatypeProperty Legend

Figure: OWL-T model representation

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 7 / 11

Operation dimension - Thing Profile

How things do what they do

Profile thingProfile

Public

Private

refersTo Subclass ObjectProperty DatatypeProperty Legend

Duty

h a s Q

• T
• qualityOfThing

QoTCategory textDescription

Figure: OWL-T profile representation

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 8 / 11

Operation dimension - Thing Grounding

How things are deployed

iotTechnology

implementedWith

Grounding thingGrounding

Subclass ObjectProperty DatatypeProperty Legend

Sensor Communicator Actuator

technologyName textDescription

Figure: OWL-T grounding representation

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 9 / 11

Consumption dimension

Shed light on the resources that a thing requires so that the thing functions with respect to the respective needs of the interaction and

• peration dimensions.

Resource thingResource currentState

hasState Physical

Logical

hasPrice h a s C

• n

s u m p t i

• n

P r

• p

e r t y

• consumption

Property Subclass ObjectProperty DatatypeProperty Legend hasUseLevel hasIP resourceName textDescription &expr;#IP useLevel hasChange hasRefund changePolicy refundPolicy Renewable Limited Non-Shareable Price Flex Flex+ Saver

Figure: OWL-T consumption representation

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 10 / 11

Outline

1

Introduction

2

Related work

3

Contributions

4

Conclusion

Conclusion

To sum-up

• A comprehensive description of things in terms of with whom they

interact, what resources they consume, what they do, how they work, and how they are invoked.

• A novel ontology OWL-T to allow injecting semantics into IoT.

Future work

• Technically demonstrate OWL-T through a case study.
• Examine OWL-T-based thing composition in compliance with the

interaction dimension.

• Z. Maamar et al.

OWL-T for a Semantic Description of IoT 11 / 11