Pakjuta KHEMAKORN, PhD Marine Fisheries Research and Development - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Pakjuta KHEMAKORN, PhD

Marine Fisheries Research and Development Division Department of Fisheries, THAILAND

The United Nations - The Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme 2006 – 2007 Alumni

Theme: Ending hunger, securing food supplies and promoting good health and sustainable fisheries The Sustainable Blue Economy Conference, 26 – 28 November 2018, Nairobi, Kenya

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Introduction

 The Blue Economy supports the same outcome as the

Green Economy, namely “improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities”

 Food and nutrition security is one of the fundamentals,

involving food availabilities in terms of food production and food stocks.

 Sustainable fisheries, mariculture and aquaculture

significantly contribute to the achievement of this goal.

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• Sustainable Fisheries in Thailand context, focusing on

Capture Fisheries (important ocean-based industries)

• Thailand is located in South East

Asia.

• Total land area: 513,115 km2
• Including 77 provinces
• Coastal area: consist of 23

provinces (both the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea)

• Coastline: 2,614.40 km (the Gulf
• f Thailand 1,874.80 km & the

Andaman Sea 739.60 km)

• EEZ: 420,280 km2
• Gulf of Thailand: 304,000

km2 (86 m max. in depth)

• Andaman Sea: 116,280 km2

(3,777 m max. in depth)

Thailand

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0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

Fisheries Product Values % Fisheries Product Values in GDP

(THB Million) (%)

In 2014, equalling THB 129,666 million (USD 3,970 million)

• r 1.1 per cent of Thailand GDP

Fisheries Product Values (at Current Market Prices) of Thailand

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• Marine fisheries rapidly developed due to:
• High-efficiency fishing gears, methods and technologies adopted
• Incentives of world fisheries markets
• Reached 2.83 million tonnes in 1995, but suddenly dropped to 1.64 million

tonnes in 2008 (mainly because Thai fleets have not been allowed in Indonesian

waters.)

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CPUE (kg/hr) of DOF research vessels conducting trawl surveys in the Gulf of Thailand from 1961 to 2017 CPUE (kg/hr) of DOF research vessels conducting trawl surveys in the Andaman Sea from 1966 to 2017

Status of Marine Fisheries Resources (CPUE)

The Gulf of Thailand

 Year 1961 (99 trawlers) CPUE

297.80 kg/hr

 Year 2017 (3,048 trawlers / 8,906

total commercial vessels) CPUE 21.99 kg/hr (7.4% of original CPUE) The Andaman Sea

 Year 1966 CPUE 410.00 kg/hr  Year 2017 (677 trawlers / 2,007

total commercial vessels) CPUE 71.80 kg/hr (17.5% of original CPUE)

Depleted stocks

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Main causes

 Open access fisheries  Overfishing  Overcapacity  IUU fishing

To address such issues

 Limited access fisheries  Capacity reduction  Combating IUU fishing  Effective fisheries management and arrangements

Thus… Robust Fisheries Reform in Thailand since 2015

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 Before 2015

 Fisheries Act B.E. 2490 (1947)  National legal framework not fulfill obligations under

international standards (e.g., UNCLOS)

 Not effectively facilitate fisheries management measures

and arrangements

 Commencing in 2015 and going onwards  Royal Ordinance on Fisheries B.E. 2558 (2015): current

fundamental fisheries legal framework

 Royal Ordinance on Fisheries (No. 2) B.E. 2560 (2017)

 For more controls on transhipment vessels and

supporting vessels, strengthened enforcement of administrative sanctions and other issues that need cooperation across government agencies

Policy Framework and Legislation

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Royal Ordinance on Fisheries B.E. 2558 (2015), based on objectives:

• Achieve good governance in the management and conservation of

aquatic resources and the fisheries sector

• Protect special interests of artisanal fisheries and local fisheries

communities

• Fulfil Thailand’s international obligations on the conservation and

management of aquatic resources

• Provide effective means for preventing, deterring and eliminating IUU

fishing

• Use the best scientific evidence to achieve long-term economic, social

and environmental sustainability, with the ecosystem based and precautionary approaches, to ensure MSY level of fisheries resources

• Prevent and eliminate overfishing and overcapacity
• Implement systematic measures
• Cooperate with other States, private agencies, and international
• rganisations
• Ensure legal working conditions and welfare of workers
• Ensure effective MCS activities
• Implement the effective traceability system
• Impose proportional and deterrent administrative and criminal sanctions

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 Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Thailand

2015-2019 (FMP 2015-2019), adopted in 2015

 Now drafting Marine Fisheries Management Plan of

Thailand 2019-2023 (FMP 2019-2023)

 Royal Ordinance on Thai Vessels B.E. 2561 (2018),

enacted in 2018

• Effective management on fishing vessels (licensing

& controls)

• Closer cooperation between Department of

Fisheries and Marine Department

Policy Framework and Legislation (cont.)

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 Fisheries Management Measures

 Fishing effort controls: annual catch limit, input controls

(TAE, fishing day scheme)

 Gear restrictions (e.g., mesh size, length of nets)  Seasonal closures  Ban fishing gears (e.g., push nets)  Co-management (for artisanal fisheries, e.g., crab

banks)

 Comprehensive MCS System

 Before 2015, no effective legal framework  Based on the RO Fisheries 2015, comprehensive MCS

system and necessary arrangements developed and implemented under the coordination of the Command Centre to Combat Illegal Fishing (CCIF)

Current Fisheries Management and Arrangements

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Thailand Maritime Enforcement Coordinating Centre (Thai-MECC): focal point

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(Forward Inspection Point)

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 Traceability System

 Before 2015, no effective legal framework so no

comprehensive traceability system.

 Inadequacy of controls on Thai-flagged fishing vessels  Insufficiency of cooperation among relevant agencies

(domestic, internal)

 No information system or electronic tracking infrastructure

implemented

 After the RO Fisheries 2015 enacted:

 Establishment of required legal framework  Accession to the Agreement on Port State Measures  Establishment of Processing Statement System (PPS),

Thai Flagged Catch Certification System (TF)

 Establishment of cooperation among concerned agencies  Fully operational traceability system implemented since

2017

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Control on Fish and Fisheries Product Importation in Thailand

Air cargo Air cargo Truck and Car Truck and Car

Import control

Vessel Vessel

Carrier vessel Carrier vessel Fishing vessel Fishing vessel

Container Container

PSM + Import control

Fish and Fisheries Product Importation

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 Resources and fleet management

• Establishment of Fisheries Improvement Projects (FIPs)

covering fishing areas in Thai waters by 2021

• Promotion of community-based management

 Legal framework  Monitoring control and surveillance (MCS)  Traceability system  Fishing labours Collaboration with 10,000 fishing vessels and communities

to remove marine litter: 350 tonnes by 2019

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