[PPT] - PHO SP H O FORM * T AKE MINERALNUT RIT IO N F ROM NAT URE * PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

“Bacteria are catalysts of biogeochemical cycles, which were forming the biosphere during the first two-thirds of its existence and which still remain a basis of biogeochemical machine of the planet".

Member of the Academy of Sciences Zavarzin G.A.

AZO T OFORM* AND PHO SPHOFORM*

T AKE MINERALNUT RIT IO N F ROM NAT URE

* commercial name

TRADE PRIVATE UNITARY ENTERPRISE "CELIYA"

SLIDE 2

www.celiya.ru

Today one

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the main issues for a manager and agronomist

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a modern agricultural company is to minimize costs on manufacturing of crop products. The cost

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crop products can be decreased in two ways: » By cutting down production costs and receiving average stable yield for a specific crop and specific cultivation region. » By increasing yield of the same species incurring the same or slightly higher costs. Maximum use of soil bioenergy potential appears to be one of the main recourses to increase performance and farming consistency. Arranging

ptimum

conditions for mineral nutrition is a human-controlled factor influencing physiological processes in plants. Expenses

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mineral fertilizers are known to be a dominating spending item in the cost structure for manufacturing of crop products. Use of nutrients out of mineral fertilizers by domestic plants in the year of input does not exceed 50%, i.e. more than half of actual costs on their acquisition and input turns out to be ineffective, thus leading to receiving economically unjustified yields and high costs

f agricultural products.

Impact

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soil microflora to ensure predominance

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beneficial microorganisms promotes improvement and maintenance of chemical and physical properties of the soil. We offer to supplement mineral nutrition

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plants with microbiological fertilizers Azotoform* and Phosphoform*.

AZO T OFORM* AND PHO SPHOFORM*

* commercial name

www.celiya.ru www.celiya.ru

SLIDE 3

General functional principle of the microbiological fertilizers Azotoform* and Phosphoform*

There are specific conditions created in the root area – the rhizosphere, which are drastically different from common soil conditions. A gram of soil taken from the out of the root area accounts for 5-10 million microorganisms, while the root area contains 1-10 billion of them. According to modern research, the rhizosphere contains ten, hundred and even thousand times larger number of microorganisms than out of the root zone. Microorganisms cover the root system with almost a solid layer. This layer is layer run

f soil as

especially called a biologically active microbiological processes intensively in it. Microorganisms microbiological fertilizers Phosphoform* inhabit the root area contained in Azotoform* and

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a plant and then start participating in biochemical reactions. Azotoform* microbes perform

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atmospheric nitrogen thus fixation adding additional amount of nitrogen to plants. Phosphoform* microbes chemical transformations after perform which unavailable forms

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phosphorus and potassium become available for plants.

Effects of the microbiological fertilizers Azotoform* and Phosphoform*

Microorganisms

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Azotoform* and Phosphoform* : » increase yields and its quality, resulting in costs reduction. » increase accessibility and efficiency of mineral fertilizers application. » stimulate root development, germination, growth rates of underground seedlings, as well as effects

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fungicides dressing. » synthesize reduce toxicological after chemical seed biologically active substances suppressing development

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phytopathogenic fungi. » revitalize soil for subsequent seeding. Microorganisms

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Azotoform* and Phosphoform* good performance in demonstrate drought

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Russia conditions

f various

regions and

Kazakhstan. While

a plant

ut
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is alive, soil its root pulls up moisture thickness and produces exudates which

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bacteria nourish with. Thus microorganisms Azotoform* and Phosphoform* living

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roots are in conditions favorable for their work even with high temperatures of soil surfaces.

AZO T OFORM* AND PHO SPHOFORM* AZO T OFORM* AND PHO SPHOFORM*

* commercial name * commercial name

www.celiya.ru www.celiya.ru

SLIDE 4

Application

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Azotoform* and microbiological Phosphoform* fertilizers jointly with fungicides ensures reduction of toxicological effects

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the latter, as as stimulates sprout growth at the well first stage

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plants life (see the photograph). by samples

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This is underground testified seedlings and roots of winter wheat, which seeds were treated with microbiological Phosphoform* Azotoform* and fungicides, versus an

ption

application microbiological fertilizers jointly with without fertilizers (see checked, biometrics

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the table). are higher the infection background is high as When but well.

Results of the plants biometrical analysis for cereal crops on the 15-th day from the start

f their sprouting, (composition of the protectant

is as follows - difenoconazole, cyproconazole, expenditure is 1 l/t, laboratory of the Nizhne- Volzhsky Agricultural Research Institute)

Methods of application of the microbiological fertilizers Azotoform* and Phosphoform*

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microbiological Application fertilizers Azotoform* and require any Phosphoform* does additional costs, as not it fully corresponds with the technology

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standard agricultural practices: Preplanting treatment of seeds, tubers together with fungicides (rate of the fertilizer application depends on hectare seeding rate. It was verified that the number

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viable cells

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microorganisms

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not the Azotoform* and Phosphoform* does change in treated seeds compared with

riginal ones within 45 days.

» Treatment of vegetative plants jointly with chemical crop protection agents against weeds. » Preplanting application into soil jointly with soil-dwelling chemical crop protection agents and subsequent working-in. microbiological Phosphoform* Joint application

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fertilizers Azotoform* and produces maximum effect.

AZO T OFORM* AND PHO SPHOFORM* AZO T OFORM* AND PHO SPHOFORM*

* commercial name * commercial name

www.celiya.ru www.celiya.ru

SLIDE 5

Mechanism of action of the microbiological fertilizer Azotoform*

Nitrogen accounts for 80%

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the atmospheric air and is the largest storage capacity, as well as the safety valve of the atmosphere; it participates in construction

f all proteins and nucleic acids.

Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by microorganisms is

ne
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the most important among processes which impact the biological productivity on the Earth. Biological nitrogen may serve as a sufficient addition to the nitrogenous fund

f soil, promoting increase in its fertility and

thus ensuring consumption

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more economical technical nitrogen – nitrogen of fertilizers. The strain

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the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum is the foundation

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the microbiological fertilizer Azotoform*. Nitrogen fixation is the fixation of the molecular atmospheric nitrogen,

diazotrophy. It is the process of restoring a

nitrogen molecule and its inclusion in the content

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the biomass by prokaryotic (without formed karyon) microorganisms – nitrogen fixers. In land ecosystems nitrogen fixers concentrate generally in soil and about 20% of nitrogen in these ecosystems is the new nitrogen gained

ut
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the atmosphere by nitrogen fixation. Atoms in the nitrogen molecule are connected with a competent triple covalent bond, therefore it practically does not enter into any redox reactions under normal conditions without application of catalysts, and it cannot be used by plants or animals. The biochemical mechanism

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fixation of the molecular nitrogen out of air is based

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the N2 restoration process equation: according to the following N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 + 615.63 kJ (or 2N) In a year-time bacteria-nitrogen fixers can reserve for plants from 20 to 100 kg of nitrogen per one hectare. Then nitrite bacteria, which are widely- spread in nature, start performing their functions to oxidize ammonia (down to nitrous acid and hydrogen nitrate respectively): 2NH3 + 3O2 → 2HNO2 + 2H2O + 148 kkal 2HNO2 + O2 → 2HNO3 + 48 kkal These acids during the exchange reactions, undergone in interstitial waters, form salts (nitrites and nitrates) which plants nourish with: K2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2KNO3 + CO2↑ + H2O (or CaCO3)

Scheme of nitrogen biological cycle by R. Ricklefs

AZOT OFORM* AND PHOSPHOFORM* AZOT OFORM* AND

* commercial name * commercial name

PHOSPHOFORM*

www.celiya.ru www.celiya.ru

SLIDE 6

synthesize Plants use nitrates to albuminous compounds which, in their turn, serve as nutrition for

ther

living

rganisms

(animals, for example), synthesizing their amino acids, and etc. Excretory waste (excretion) – urea and

thers, corpse plants and carcasses, undergoes

destruction and mineralizes firstly to ammonia and ammoniates (ammonification) affected by bacteria, fungi, earthworms, and others, and further to azotates, while the latter are denitrified by denitrifying bacteria up to N2, leaving to the atmosphere. Partially nitrogen is eliminated in the atmosphere as NH3. Then a new cycle starts. 5C6H12O6 + 24KNO3 → 30CO2↑ + 18H2O + 24KOH + 12N2 + 9,388.3 kJ/mole. After ammonification in soil some part of ammonia is nitrified by bacteria to salts (nitrites and nitrates) and is left in soil for nutrition of plants. According to scientific data, within a 30 day period microorganisms

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Azotoform* are known to accumulate to the amount of 30 kg

f nitrogen on primary nutrient basis, with

the temperature interval of 15-35oC and 30-90% of full normal field capacity.

Mechanism of action of the microbiological fertilizer Phosphoform*

The strain of the silicate bacteria Bacillus mucilaginosus is the foundation

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the microbiological fertilizer Phosphoform*. Silicate bacteria – bacteria-heterotrophic

rganisms

(using

rganic

compounds as resource of energy and carbon) – are bacteria capable to dissolve silicate minerals and release phosphorus and potassium

ut
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complex compounds with their transfer to forms available for plants. They develop actively

n organic

(carbohydrate) compounds – saccharose, glucose, and others, disintegrating them to CO2 and H2O. Without organic “ n u t ri t i on ” silicate exist and reproduce

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crystalline (silica, nepheline, celsian, and etc.). bacteria silicates Active mobilization

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phosphorus and potassium out of insoluble compounds is carried

ut in the rhizosphere, where an enormous mass
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silicate bacteria form CO2 in process

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breathing, thus enabling solution

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salts

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phosphorus and potassium. Phosphorus is one of the most important biogenic components. It is included in nucleic acids, cellular membranes, systems of energy accumulation and transfer, bone tissue and dentine. Phosphorus circulation is fully connected with activity of microorganisms.

AZOT OFORM* AND PHOSPHOFORM* AZO T OFORM* AND

* commercial name * commercial name

PHOSPHOFORM*

www.celiya.ru www.celiya.ru

SLIDE 7

Scheme of phosphorus biological cycle by R. Ricklefs

Unlike nitrogen, the storage capacity for phosphorus is not the atmosphere, but rocks and rock debris formed during earlier geologic epochs. Phosphorus circulation is a typical example of a sedimentary cycle. Total content of phosphorus in 1 hectare

f a plowing layer amounts to 10

tons, i.e. much more than it is removed with However, phosphorus present in forms unavailable for plants as the crop. soil is in

rganic

soluble mineral compounds, Changes in

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sparsely mainly mobility

rthophosphates.
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phosphorus- containing substances (sometimes the term “mobilization” is used) – this is a transformation of poorly soluble compounds into more highly soluble ones or their transfer into soil solution. The main way of changes (mobility) is connected with a transformation of tricalcium phosphate into d i -

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monocalcium phosphate. The chemical scheme is as follows: Ca3(PO4)2 → CaHPO4 → Ca(H2PO4)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O = 2CaHPO4 + Ca(HCO3)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 = Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 4HNO3 = Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2Ca(NO3) 2 All these transformations are performed by microorganisms only. Potassium together with other alkaline and alki-earth chemical elements accumulated in the Earth’s crust in process

f its melting. Potassium is included in the

most spread silicates. During their disintegration, this element generally transfers into clay minerals. Meanwhile it is partially released and gets involved into the water migration. Potassium ions are actively absorbed by a dispersed mineral substance, as well as are absorbed by higher plants; this is why potassium is held more firmly within the borders

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land than calcium and sodium. This element is of great importance in lives of plants and animals. It participates in photosynthesis, influences metabolism, partially is kept in a dead organic substance. Wide use of mineral fertilizers has not yet significantly influenced the potassium circulation; however its migration has significantly increased due to soils erosion.

AZOT OFORM* AND PHOSPHOFORM* AZOT OFORM* AND PHOSPHOFORM*

* commercial name * commercial name

www.celiya.ru www.celiya.ru

SLIDE 8

soil. The basic reserve of potassium is in

minerals in the state

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insolubilization. Releasing potassium

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minerals into soils takes place only under influence of microorganisms and their metabolites. According to scientific data, within a 30 day period microorganisms

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Phosphoform* accumulate to the amount of 20-30 kg of phosphorus on primary nutrient basis (P2O5) and 15-30 kg of potassium on primary nutrient basis (K2O), with the temperature interval of 15-35oC and 30- 90% of full normal field capacity.

“ I t is the bacteria who will have the last word". Louis Pasteur AZOT OFORM* AND PHO SPHOFORM*

Assimilable potassium accounts for

nly 1-2% out of its total content in the

* commercial name

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