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POLI CY MAKER S AWARNESS AND PUBLI C S AWARNESS AND PUBLI C POLI CY MAKER ACCEPTANCE OF GEOTHERMAL PROJECTS ACCEPTANCE OF GEOTHERMAL PROJECTS I N THE PARI S BASI N I N THE PARI S BASI N Pierre UNGEMACH Pierre UNGEMACH GPC IP GPC IP

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POLI CY MAKER POLI CY MAKER’ ’S AWARNESS AND PUBLI C S AWARNESS AND PUBLI C ACCEPTANCE OF GEOTHERMAL PROJECTS ACCEPTANCE OF GEOTHERMAL PROJECTS I N THE PARI S BASI N I N THE PARI S BASI N

Pierre UNGEMACH Pierre UNGEMACH

GPC IP GPC IP Paris Paris Nord Nord 2, 14, rue de la 2, 14, rue de la Perdrix Perdrix, Lot 109, B.P. 50030 , Lot 109, B.P. 50030 95946 ROISSY CDG CEDEX, FRANCE 95946 ROISSY CDG CEDEX, FRANCE e e-

  • mail:

mail: pierre.ungemach@geoproduction.fr pierre.ungemach@geoproduction.fr

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

OUTLINE OUTLINE

  • SCOPE

SCOPE

  • MILESTONES

MILESTONES

  • ACTORS

ACTORS

  • AWARENESS/ACCEPTANCE

AWARENESS/ACCEPTANCE

  • WHERE ARE WE NOW?

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

  • WHERE TO GO NEXT

WHERE TO GO NEXT

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

SCOPE SCOPE

  • GEOTHERMAL UNDERTAKING/ACHIEVEMENTS

GEOTHERMAL UNDERTAKING/ACHIEVEMENTS

  • GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING (GDH)

GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING (GDH)

  • 54 completed GDH doublets

54 completed GDH doublets

  • 34 on line @ 2007

34 on line @ 2007

  • 200

200 MWt MWt installed capacity installed capacity

  • 1,000

1,000 GWht GWht/yr heat production /yr heat production

  • 100,000 heated equivalent dwellings (# 400,000 end

100,000 heated equivalent dwellings (# 400,000 end users) users)

  • ca 500,000 t saved CO2 emissions

ca 500,000 t saved CO2 emissions

  • 19 natural gas (combined cycle) cogeneration doublets

19 natural gas (combined cycle) cogeneration doublets

  • HEAT PUMPS

HEAT PUMPS

  • GDH back

GDH back-

  • up

up -

  • abandoned

abandoned

  • Groundwater (GWHP)

Groundwater (GWHP) -

  • fast growing

fast growing

  • Ground source (GSHP)

Ground source (GSHP) -

  • booming

booming

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

PARIS BASIN GDH PARIS BASIN GDH

THE GEOTHERMAL WELL DOUBLET OF HEAT EXTRACTION THE GEOTHERMAL WELL DOUBLET OF HEAT EXTRACTION

A B A WH WH HX PP PW C IP IW IW 900-1400m 1400-1700m DOGGER GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR UPPER CRETACEUS LOWER CRETACEUS 55° 30° 30° LUSITANIAN UPPER JURASSIC MID JURASSIC

A - two vertical wells B - 1 vertical, 1 deviated C - two deviated wells PP production pump IP injection pump HX heat exchanger PW production well IW injection well WH wellhead

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

STATUS STATUS

PARIS BASIN. LOCATION OF GDH DOUBLETS PARIS BASIN. LOCATION OF GDH DOUBLETS

Source: GPC, 2003

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

The various shallow geothermal methods

  • horizontal loops

1.2 - 2.0 m depth

  • borehole heat exchangers

10 - 250 m depth (vertical loops)

  • energy piles

8 - 45 m depth

  • ground water wells

4 - 50 m depth

  • water from mines and tunnels

Verteiler im Haus Pumpe Grundwasser- spiegel

BHE Groundwater wells

Serienschaltung Rohre in Graben

about 80 % of all systems

HEATING AND COOLING HEATING AND COOLING HEAT PUMPS HEAT PUMPS

SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FOR HEAT AND COLD SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FOR HEAT AND COLD

source source Sanner Sanner, 2006 , 2006

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

MILESTONES MILESTONES

YEAR(S) YEAR(S) EVENT(S)/ PHASE EVENT(S)/ PHASE STATE STATE I NVOLVEMENT I NVOLVEMENT PUBLI C RESPONSE PUBLI C RESPONSE

Late 1960s Late 1960s 1st GDH doublet 1st GDH doublet Low Low Curiosity Curiosity 1973 1973-

  • 1978

1978 1st Oil shock 1st Oil shock Regulatory framework Regulatory framework GDH commissioning GDH commissioning High High Positive Positive 1979 1979-

  • 1986

1986 2nd Oil shock 2nd Oil shock GHD full scale development GHD full scale development first damaging symptoms first damaging symptoms Very high Very high Wait and see Wait and see Late 1980s Late 1980s Early exploitation Early exploitation Learning curve Learning curve Wait and see Wait and see Sceptic & hostile Sceptic & hostile 1990s 1990s GDH restructuring GDH restructuring Maturation Maturation Very high Very high Neutral Neutral 2000s 2000s Kyoto Protocol/sustainability issues Kyoto Protocol/sustainability issues Gas cogeneration Gas cogeneration Routine GHD exploitation Routine GHD exploitation Steady Steady Sympathetic/positive Sympathetic/positive 2010 2010 Redeployment Redeployment Sustainable resource management Sustainable resource management Absorption/cooling/GWHP/GSHP Absorption/cooling/GWHP/GSHP Sustained? Sustained? Enthusiastic? Enthusiastic?

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

GDH COSTS (M GDH COSTS (M€ € @ 2007) @ 2007)

WELLS WELLS 8 8-

  • 10

10 Geothermal loop/heat plant Geothermal loop/heat plant 1 1 Heating grid/substations Heating grid/substations 9 9-

  • 12

12 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 1 1 TOTAL TOTAL 19 19-

  • 24

24 OM costs OM costs 0.4 0.4-

  • 06

06

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

GWHP/GSHP COSTS (H&C) (10 GWHP/GSHP COSTS (H&C) (103

3 €

€ @ 2007) @ 2007)

GWHP GWHP

150 150 kWt kWt 150 150-

  • 200

200 OM OM 20 20-

  • 25

25

GSHP GSHP

10 10 kWt kWt 20 20-

  • 25

25 OM OM < 2.5 < 2.5

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

GDH AN INTERACTIVE & MITIGATING MINING/ GDH AN INTERACTIVE & MITIGATING MINING/ TECHNOLOGICAL/ECONOMICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL/ TECHNOLOGICAL/ECONOMICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL/ COMMUNICATION PROCESS COMMUNICATION PROCESS

GE

GDH(C)

HX HP GW HP / GS HP

AB S OR P T ION COOLING COS T R E LIAB IL IT Y COMFOR T

E ND U S E R S

IMAGE

E NE R GY R E S OU R CE S P R ICE S

S T AT E P OL ICY MAKE R S

E NVIR ONME NT AL IMP ACT S

S T AKE HOL DE R S INVE S T OR S

ME DIA

P U B L IC

INDIVIDU AL S E MI-COLLE CT IVE HE AT ING/COOLING

GE Geothermal energy HP Heat pump HX Heat exchange GWHP Ground water heat pumps GS HP Ground source heat pumps GDH(S ) Geothermal district heating (cooling)

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

OPERATORS/END USERS OPERATORS/END USERS

  • OPERATORS (HOLDERS OF MINING RIGHTS)

OPERATORS (HOLDERS OF MINING RIGHTS)

  • Public

Public –

– townships, social dwelling agencies townships, social dwelling agencies

  • Private

Private –

– district heating (DH) service companies district heating (DH) service companies (either owners of mining rights and installations or (either owners of mining rights and installations or delegate of public service GDH duties and rights) delegate of public service GDH duties and rights)

  • END USERS

END USERS

  • Private

Private –

– building owners, dwelling co building owners, dwelling co-

  • owners and
  • wners and

tenants tenants

  • Public

Public –

– State State-

  • owned building and facility
  • wned building and facility
  • ccupants (administrative, educational, cultural,
  • ccupants (administrative, educational, cultural,

sportive, fiscal ...) sportive, fiscal ...)

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

GDH STAKEHOLDERS GDH STAKEHOLDERS

  • ENERGY UTILITIES

ENERGY UTILITIES

  • Power supplier/buyer (feed

Power supplier/buyer (feed-

  • in tariffs natural gas

in tariffs natural gas cogenerated cogenerated GDH plants) GDH plants) – – EDF EDF

  • Natural gas supplier. GDH back

Natural gas supplier. GDH back-

  • up/relief loads, NG

up/relief loads, NG cogenerated cogenerated GDH plants. GDF GDH plants. GDF

  • CENTRAL/DISTRICT HEATING SERVICE COMPANIES

CENTRAL/DISTRICT HEATING SERVICE COMPANIES

  • perate and maintain the heat distribution grid and, eventually,
  • perate and maintain the heat distribution grid and, eventually,

the GDH heat plant the GDH heat plant

  • may be awarded a farming/concession/public service delegation

may be awarded a farming/concession/public service delegation contract contract

  • EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS

EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS

  • piping (casing and grid)

piping (casing and grid)

  • pumping (

pumping (downhole downhole, surface) , surface)

  • hydraulics (valves, wellheads)

hydraulics (valves, wellheads)

  • electronics/regulation (frequency converters, automation)

electronics/regulation (frequency converters, automation)

  • FLUID MONITORING/PROCESSING

FLUID MONITORING/PROCESSING

  • fluid handling/

fluid handling/ thermochemical thermochemical inhibition inhibition

  • solution gas abatement

solution gas abatement

  • monitoring/maintenance/rehabilitation of production/injection

monitoring/maintenance/rehabilitation of production/injection facilities facilities

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

GDH IMAGE GDH IMAGE

  • GDH difficult to apprehend & comprehend

GDH difficult to apprehend & comprehend

  • GDH remains esoteric and somewhat exotic

GDH remains esoteric and somewhat exotic compared to other RE and fossil fuel sources compared to other RE and fossil fuel sources

  • A heavy past record. GDH was regarded, in

A heavy past record. GDH was regarded, in the early days, as a poorly reliable, expensive the early days, as a poorly reliable, expensive and, occasionally, hazardous technology and, occasionally, hazardous technology

  • More efforts required to attract a wider social

More efforts required to attract a wider social acceptance and public/policy makers acceptance and public/policy makers’ ’ awareness awareness. .

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

WHERE ARE WE NOW? (1) WHERE ARE WE NOW? (1)

  • GDH

GDH

  • Paid a severe tribute to a somewhat chaotic past

Paid a severe tribute to a somewhat chaotic past record; record;

  • Restored an upgraded image, thanks to evidence of

Restored an upgraded image, thanks to evidence of mature, technological, entrepreneurial and mature, technological, entrepreneurial and managerial skills; managerial skills;

  • Gained credibility, from both the Public and State,

Gained credibility, from both the Public and State, despite a wait and see, more or less opportunistic, despite a wait and see, more or less opportunistic, attitude of the media; attitude of the media;

  • Benefited, at large, from a recently favourable

Benefited, at large, from a recently favourable energy (persistently high fossil fuel prices) and energy (persistently high fossil fuel prices) and environmental (clean air concerns, GHG emissions, environmental (clean air concerns, GHG emissions, global warming and climatic changes) context; global warming and climatic changes) context;

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

WHERE ARE WE NOW? (2) WHERE ARE WE NOW? (2)

  • GDH still suffers from structurally

GDH still suffers from structurally limiting factors limiting factors

  • GDH is

GDH is heat

heat (and, at the best, cold) addicted;

(and, at the best, cold) addicted;

  • GDH addresses settings combining both a

GDH addresses settings combining both a dependable hot water source and a surface, dependable hot water source and a surface, economically viable, heat load; economically viable, heat load;

  • GDH is, therefore, highly site specific and subject to

GDH is, therefore, highly site specific and subject to

local local political issues;

political issues;

  • GDH, due to its local character escapes the casual

GDH, due to its local character escapes the casual

lobbying lobbying rationale;

rationale;

  • GDH cannot advocate any specific

GDH cannot advocate any specific technological

technological attribute attribute (comparable to wind energy turbines, PV

(comparable to wind energy turbines, PV cells, solar thermal collectors, biomass reactors...) cells, solar thermal collectors, biomass reactors...)

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

WHERE ARE WE NOW? (3) WHERE ARE WE NOW? (3)

  • HEAT PUMP (GWHP/GSHP) ISSUES

HEAT PUMP (GWHP/GSHP) ISSUES

  • high public awareness

high public awareness

  • thorough state responsiveness

thorough state responsiveness

  • boosting customer demand

boosting customer demand

  • mitigated entrepreneurial response

mitigated entrepreneurial response

  • great future expectations

great future expectations

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Workshop6 Workshop6 -

  • Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance

Increasing policy makers' awareness and the public acceptance 13 13-

  • 14 September 2007

14 September 2007 Athens, Greece Athens, Greece

WHERE TO GO NEXT? WHERE TO GO NEXT?

  • GDH

GDH WHAT IS NEEDED MOST

WHAT IS NEEDED MOST

  • Operators side.

Operators side. More integration, less dissemination, by

More integration, less dissemination, by grouping several GDH grids into single management grouping several GDH grids into single management structures with a well defined mining/heating synergy structures with a well defined mining/heating synergy

  • State side.

State side. A clearly stated (and applied) environmental

A clearly stated (and applied) environmental policy by favouring RES via relevant regulation, fiscal policy by favouring RES via relevant regulation, fiscal incentives and ecologic taxation. incentives and ecologic taxation.

  • Overall.
  • Overall. Gain wider social acceptance via selectively

Gain wider social acceptance via selectively targeted actions and relevant communication. targeted actions and relevant communication.

  • GWHP AND GSHP

GWHP AND GSHP

  • less or not subject to site specificity

less or not subject to site specificity

  • the greatest future

the greatest future

  • let it go and fly

let it go and fly