polymers 1 Problems: Pollution. Degradation. 2/14 What is our - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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polymers 1 Problems: Pollution. Degradation. 2/14 What is our - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 25, 2023 166 likes •336 views

Damaged trigg iggered decomposing polymers 1 Problems: Pollution. Degradation. 2/14 What is our target? From: Linear Economy to Circular Economy. Enzymes. 3/14 Enzymes: Wax moth caterpillars: Mealworms: EC1:

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SLIDE 1

Damaged trigg iggered decomposing polymers

1

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SLIDE 2
  • Pollution.
  • Degradation.

Problems:

2/14

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SLIDE 3

What is our target?

  • From: Linear Economy to

Circular Economy.

  • Enzymes.

3/14

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SLIDE 4

Enzymes:

Wax moth caterpillars: Mealworms:

  • EC1: oxidoreductase
  • Citrobacter sp.
  • Kosakonia sp.

Anja Malawi Brandon

  • Polymer diet(32 days):

Malawi et al. . In Environ. Sci. Technol. 52 (11), pp. 6526–6533. 2018

4/14

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SLIDE 5

/14

Enzyme amount needed:

5

  • Current LDPE price = € 0,60 per kilo
  • Enzyme activity = 5U = 5 (micromoles/ min)/ mg enzyme
  • For 1 kilo LDPE: - 162 months needed if 1 mg enzyme
  • 0,2 gram needed for 1 month
  • In optimized process 1kg enzymes = € 10,-
  • If enzymes added € 0,60 → € 0,61
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SLIDE 6

Si(OC2H5)4 + 2 H2O → SiO2 + 4 C2H5OH

Ensilication The fight against denature

Silica precursor (TEOS) Embodied silica- enzyme granule

6/14

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SLIDE 7

High efficiency Cheap Processable Active

Chen et. al. Scientific reports, 7, 46568. 2017

7/14

The advantages of enzyme ensilication

After ensilication treatment

  • 100 mg enzyme with 80 mg silica
  • Ensilication of 2g enzyme costs 1.2 cent (TEOS € 60 per liter )
  • 200 nm globular particles
  • Storage and processing: RT 6 months; 100℃ 5 h
  • Release enzyme by NaF buffer pH=4, e.g. acidic soils
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SLIDE 8

Global flows of plastic packaging materials in 2013

www.newplasticseconomy.org

8/14

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SLIDE 9

World demand and application of PE in 2016

9% 12% 17%

2016 total world PE demand is 92 million metric tons.

http://www.pttpm.com/

9/14

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SLIDE 10

10/14

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SLIDE 11

Business model

PEase & Enzyme ensilication technique

LDPE recycling Other application: Films for agricultural usage Services:

  • 1. Soil treatment
  • 2. Water treatment

PE from waste stream Leakage from the loop PE composite producing & PE producing Self-degrade

11/14

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SLIDE 12

Life Cycle Assessment

  • 1 kg of LDPE needs 1.04 kg of raw materials.
  • Film production: 2000 USD per ton (€ 1,75 per kilo)
  • 3 kg of CO2 eq. are emitted.
  • 97.5% of total production ends to landfill.
  • 60 g of microplastic/kg.year.

12/14

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SLIDE 13

Environmental Impact of Enzyme Ensilication in LDPE

  • … Enzymes requiered to degrade … LDPE in … time
  • 60 g/kg*a of LDPE get released

→Released microplastic can be degraded →LCA to evaluate end-of-life

  • Application fields:

→ Treatment of contaminated biological waste/ landfills →Agricultural foil/ films with encapsulated enzymes

13/14

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SLIDE 14

SWOT

S

  • Reduce plastic polution
  • Fast degradation of LDPE
  • LDPE degrades into soil
  • Ensilication preserves activity of enzemes

W

  • Stability and activity of enzymes
  • Processing costs
  • Uncertainty of product performance
  • Processing know-how

O

  • Circular economy
  • Limit the plastic leakage into nature
  • Versatile applications (agriculture, packeging)
  • Possibility of industrial or household composting
  • Desing of specifid enzymes

T

  • Unpredictable environmental effect of enzymes

and silica

  • Competition with fossil based products
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SLIDE 15

/15

Questions ?

15