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Preserving Geological Realism for Channelized Facies Estimation on Brugge Field Yuqing Chang, Andreas S. Stordal, Randi Valestrand What is History Matching? Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop,

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Preserving Geological Realism for Channelized Facies Estimation on Brugge Field

Yuqing Chang, Andreas S. Stordal, Randi Valestrand

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What is History Matching?

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 1/17

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Motivation

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 2/17

› Challenges:

  • Facies types are represented by discrete integer variables, while facies

estimation using ensemble methods requires continuous fields

› Proposed solutions:

  • Parameterization of facies field

(Sebacher et al. 2014)

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Motivation

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 2/17

› Challenges:

  • Facies types are represented by discrete integer variables, while facies

estimation using ensemble methods requires continuous fields

  • Geological structures tend to be destroyed during data assimilation

› Proposed solutions:

  • Parameterization of facies field

(Sebacher et al. 2014)

Updated Reference

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Motivation

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 2/17

› Challenges:

  • Facies types are represented by discrete integer variables, while facies

estimation using ensemble methods requires continuous fields

  • Geological structures tend to be destroyed during data assimilation

› Proposed solutions:

  • Parameterization of facies field
  • Resampling with geostatistical tools

(Sebacher et al. 2014)

Updated Resampling Reference

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Problem Statement › How to act on a complex reservoir with channelized layers and

non channelized layers?

› How to get realistic geological model for the real field?

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 3/17

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Facies Parameterization

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 4/17

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Facies Parameterization

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 4/17

Initial facies probability

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Facies Parameterization

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 4/17

Initial facies probability Normal score transformation

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Preserving Channel Continuity

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 5/17

Initial ensemble Initial prob

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Preserving Channel Continuity

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 5/17

Initial ensemble Updated ensemble Initial prob Updated prob

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What is dummy well?

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 6/17

› A user-defined well to specify the vertical depth of log data. › No production, only used to condition property modeling.

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What is dummy well?

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 6/17

› A user-defined well to specify the vertical depth of log data. › No production, only used to condition property modeling.

Revert shale to channel Updated channel prob

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What is dummy well?

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 6/17

› A user-defined well to specify the vertical depth of log data. › No production, only used to condition property modeling.

Potential dummy well locations

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What is dummy well?

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 6/17

› A user-defined well to specify the vertical depth of log data. › No production, only used to condition property modeling.

Potential dummy well locations

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Facies Updating Workflow

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 7/17

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Stratigraphy in Brugge Field

Table: Stratigraphy and the existing wells in the Brugge field

Formation Layer Facies Type Deposition Schelde Fm 1-2 F1, F4 Fluvial Waal Fm 3-5 F3 Lower Shoreface Maas Fm 6-8 F2 Upper Shoreface Schie Fm 9 F3, F5 Sandy Shelf

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 8/17

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History Matching Settings › Geological model:

  • Grids: 139 × 48 × 9
  • 7 producers, 3 injectors

› Reservoir simulation:

  • Static variables: Facies (θ), permx (lnK), poro (φ)
  • Measurements: BHP

, WOPR, WWPR

  • Number of variables: 74250
  • Number of geological realizations: 102
  • Production time: 10 years

› Data assimilation:

  • Inner loop (AGM): 43 assimilation steps
  • Outer loop (facies modeling): 3 iterations
  • State vector: For the jth ensemble at the kth assimilation step:

xk

j = [θT, lnK T, φT, dT sim]T j

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 9/17

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Facies Updates

Initial ensemble

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Updated ensemble, inner loop 1

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Dummy well locations, outer loop 1

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Facies regeneration, outer loop 1

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Updated ensemble, inner loop 2

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Dummy well locations, outer loop 2

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Facies regeneration, outer loop 2

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Updated ensemble, inner loop 3

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 10/17

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Facies Updates

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 11/17

Layer 2 Layer 1 Reference Initial Updated

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Facies Mean

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 12/17

Layer 2 Layer 1 Reference Initial Mean Updated Mean

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Data Mismatch

Initial ensemble

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 13/17

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Data Mismatch

Updated ensemble, inner loop 1

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 13/17

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Data Mismatch

Facies regeneration, outer loop 1

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 13/17

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Data Mismatch

Updated ensemble, inner loop 2

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 13/17

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Data Mismatch

Facies regeneration, outer loop 2

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 13/17

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Data Mismatch

Updated ensemble, inner loop 3

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 13/17

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Forecast of the second 10 years

Oil production rate in twenty years

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 14/17

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Forecast of the second 10 years

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 15/17

WBHP WWPR

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Summary › We applied a normal score transformation on the Brugge field for

facies parameterization.

› Iterative Adaptive Gaussian Mixture (IAGM) filter was applied to

estimate reservoir parameters including facies, permeability and porosity.

› Dummy wells were placed to condition the channel regeneration

in the facies modeling.

› We observed a satisfactory data match and successful forecast

results from the updated ensemble.

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 16/17

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Acknowledgement › The authors would like to thank the IRIS/Uni Research CIPR

cooperative research project ”Integrated Workflow and Realistic Geology” which is funded by the industry partners, Total, Eni, ConocoPhillips, Petrobras and Statoil, and the Research Council

  • f Norway (PETROMAKS2).

› We thank Alexey Khrulenko from IRIS for his generous help on

the facies modeling and upscaling workflow.

› The authors also thank Schlumberger for providing academic

licenses for Eclipse and Petrel software.

Yuqing Chang Channelized Facies Estimation on the Brugge Field 10th EnKF Workshop, 8-10 June, 2015 17/17

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Thank you!

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Backups

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Poro: layer 3

(a) Reference (b) Initial (c) Inner loop 1 (d) Inner loop 2 (e) Inner loop 3

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Perm: layer 3

(a) Reference (b) Initial (c) Inner loop 1 (d) Inner loop 2 (e) Inner loop 3