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Production Log Interpretation Through A Slotted Liner During Cold Water Injection: Integration With Electrical Borehole Images In A High Temperature Geothermal Development Well, South Sumatra, Indonesia Richard E. Netherwood, Dibyatanu Kundu,

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2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008 1 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009

Production Log Interpretation Through A Slotted Liner During Cold Water Injection: Integration With Electrical Borehole Images In A High Temperature Geothermal Development Well, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Richard E. Netherwood, Dibyatanu Kundu, Aditi Pal, Mega Ardhiani Puspa PT Schlumberger Geophysics Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia

  • M. Yustin Kamah, Dratjat Budi Hartanto, M. Husni Thamrin

PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy, Jakarta, Indonesia

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2 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Outlin e

Introduction

– Indonesia’s geothermal resources – Wireline log acquisition in geothermal wells – Electrical borehole images and production logs

Interpretation

– Fractures, faults, drilling induced features – Integrated fracture and production log analysis

Conclusions

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3 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Indonesia, Geothermal Resources

(Map from Fauzi et al. 2000; capacities from Fauzi et al. 2005)

Sumatera Sibayak 10 MW Sarulla 220 MW Java Kamojang 200 MW Darajat 255 MW Gn.Salak 330 MW Wayang-Windu 220 MW Dieng 180 MW Sulawesi Lahendong 40 MW 121 active volcanoes … and up to 27,000 MW potential

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4 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Wireline Log Acquisition In Geothermal Wells

Issues

– Temperatures recorded at >350oC

  • Tools commonly rated only to 250oC, often <250oC

– Steam in wellbore

  • The physics of most tools depend on water filling the wellbore

Solutions

– Special Hi Temp tools

  • Few, very expensive and generally inferior

– Cooling flasks for some tools

  • Limited tools, and not for image and production logs

– Cooling the borehole with water

  • Also provides the correct borehole medium for logging
  • Uses untreated river water
  • Only in >/= 8.5” borehole. 6” borehole produces “rocket” effect and cable

pull-off

  • The suite: electrical borehole imaging tool – in open hole
  • Production logging tool – inside slotted liner
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5 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Electrical Borehole Imaging Tool

P / T 20,000psi / 350 oF Tool diameter 5” Maximum Aperture 21” Image resolution 0.2” (0.5 cm)c.1” Borehole coverage 80% in 8” hole Combinability Bottom of string

Alternating current

is emitted from an upper electrode

Passive focusing:

lower electrodes form an equi- potential surface parallel to borehole wall

Detected current is

determined by the formation resistivity

Constant feedback

  • ptimizes input

current for formation characteristics

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6 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Electrical Borehole Image Processing (1)

24 buttons x 8 pads = 192 resistivity curves (fast channels: colour-scaled to generate image) Dark = conductive Light = resistive

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7 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Electrical Borehole Image Processing (2)

Frequency Frequency

Dynamic Dynamic – – resistivity resistivity distrib

  • distrib. 2ft / 1m intervals with overlap

. 2ft / 1m intervals with overlap

CONDUCTIVE

Static Static – – resistivity resistivity distribution over the entire logging run distribution over the entire logging run

RESISTIVE

STATIC DYNAMIC

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8 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Electrical Borehole Image Processing (3)

Natural fractures: represented by dip azimuth, strike and magnitude Planar features crossing the borehole describe a sinewave on the image Am=dip magnitude, Az=azimuth

E N W S

Images Viewed Inside Out

E N W S N E N W S N 0° 90° 180° 270° 360° E N W S

N E S W

Az Am

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9 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Production Logging Tool

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10 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Production Logging Tool Processing

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11 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

INTERPRETATION

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12 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Fracture & Fault Classification

Conductive (open) fractures Resistive (healed) fractures Fault (minor) Drilling induced fractures

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13 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Fracture Distribution

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14 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Fracture & Fault Orientation

Shmin SHma x

Conductiv e (open) fractures Resistive (healed) fractures Fault s Drilling Induced fractures

Faults and fractures all strike NNW-SSE parallel to SHmax

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UPPER INTERVAL: 880-1869m Open hole: 12.25” Slotted liner: 9.625”

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16 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

  • 1. 1,100 m – 8,897 bbl/d flow into

wellbore

In: 23,173 bbl/d Out: 8,900 bbl/d

Major increase in flow rate according to spinner reading. Corresponding temperature increase and fluid density decrease. Flow into the borehole from the formation is 8,897 bbl/d. Fault observed on image. POTENTIAL MAJOR PRODUCTION ZONE

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17 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

  • 2. 1,180 m – local anomally, no net flow

loss/gain

In: 23,173 bbl/d Out: 8,900 bbl/d

No image. Washout

Minor/local increase in flow rate according to spinner readings, but no overall increase in flow. No temperature increase or fluid density decrease. Major washout and change in formation lithology. Flow disturbance associated with major washout. NO PRODUCTION POTENTIAL

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18 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Minor 2,065 bbl/d flow into the formation. Absence

  • f any major conductive open fractures. Dominance
  • f resistive healed fractures. NEGLIGIBLE

PRODUCTION POTENTIAL

In: 23,173 bbl/d Out: 8,900 bbl/d

  • 3. 1,180-1,550 m – 2,065 bbl/d flow into

formation

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In: 23,173 bbl/d

  • 4. 1,550-1,780 m – 21,147 bbl/d flow into

formation

Out: 8,900 bbl/d

Major flow of 21,147 bbp/d into the formation associated with abundant open fractures, particularly over intervals 1,546-1,554m and 1,660-1,780m. POTENTIAL MAJOR PRODUCTION ZONE

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20 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

LOWER INTERVAL: 1880-2271m Open hole: 8.5” Slotted liner: 7”

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21 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

  • 5. 1,830-1,860 m – 770 bbl/d flow into

wellbore

In: 8.900 bbl/d Out: 2,650 bbl/d

5 6 7 8

Minor flow of 770 bbp/d into the

  • wellbore. Associated with faults

at 1,831 m and 1.861 m, and associated conductive fractures. POTENTIAL MINOR PRODUCTION ZONE

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  • 6. 1,860-1,930 m – 4,763 bbl/d flow into

formation

In: 8.900 bbl/d Out: 2,650 bbl/d

5 6 7 8

Significant flow of 4,763 bbp/d into the formation. Associated with fault at 1,917m with associated washout. POTENTIAL MINOR PRODUCTION

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23 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

  • 7. 2,170-2,260 m – 2,334 bbl/d flow into

formation

In: 8.900 bbl/d Out: 2,650 bbl/d

5 6 7 8

Significant flow of 2,334 bbp/d into the formation. Associated with open fractures and local faults. POTENTIAL MINOR PRODUCTION

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24 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

  • 8. Below 2,271 m – 2,650 bbl/d flow into

formation

In: 8.900 bbl/d Out: 2,650 bbl/d

5 6 7 8

2,650 bbl/d flow is calculated below the last logged depth (TD). It is possible that this represents calculation error, but the lack of a standing water column at the base

  • f the well supports continued

downward flow (into fractures?). POTENTIAL MINOR PRODUCTION

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25 REN/KUNDU 6/3/2009 2nd Africal Rift Geothermal Conference November 2008

Conclusions

Injection of cold water into geothermal wells allows

acquisition of standard P&T rated logging tool data

Electrical borehole images provide an excellent way

to identify, classify, quantify & orientate fractures, faults, and borehole damage, the latter indicating stress direction

Electrical borehole images alone do not, however,

identify which fractures will or will not produce

Integration of image data with production logging data

can identify individual fractures, fracture zones and faults that will potentially produce steam