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1 MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Cristian FETIE EUROSTAT – Energy Statistics Unit

Production of a Manual for Statistics on Energy Consumption in Households (MESH Project)

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Overview

• MESH project – introduction and context
• Objectives and working methods
• Main contents – focus on techniques
• Conclusion – lessons learnt

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Introduction

• What is the MESH project

 ESSnet project involving several partners: Statistics Austria, CBS (The Netherlands), SORS

(Slovenia) and DECC (United Kingdom) under the coordination of IDAE (Spain) and with the support and participation of Eurostat

 Main deliverable: manual to be used by statisticians for collecting or calculating data about the

consumption of energy in households by type of end-use (space heating or cooling, water heating, lighting and other electric appliances, cooking, etc.)

 Dedicated training based on the manual in order to rapidly and broadly disseminate the

knowledge but also to create synergies between participants aimed at further developing the work done during the project

 A project established with real deliverables to meet a key need from all NSI

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Context

• Why was the MESH manual needed

 Importance of the residential sector : ± 27 % of final energy consumption (296 out of 1105 Mtoe

in 2013) – important energy saving potential

 Increased number of devices using energy and especially electricity 'at home' – air

conditionning, electro-domestics, small electronic equipment

 New EU energy policy priorities :

• need to monitor progress in terms of energy efficiency or development of renewable energy sources
• amendment of the Energy Statistics Regulation – Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 […] – explicitly

implementing the mandatory reporting of detailed data on final energy consumption in the household sector by type of end-use

 Energy topics became of high interest not only for policy makers but also for the media and the

public opinions!

 Need for more accurate and detailed data on the consumption side

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Objectives

• Current situation and needs

 Energy stats – often collected by multiple agencies / organizations and not solely by the NSI

• Not same methods or definitions, problems of communication between administrations, difficulties to

consolidate datasets, etc. – need for harmonization

 New requests for more detailed data collections

• Bigger constraints: high administrative burden for respondents and administrations, need for more

resources (increasing costs)

 Important to focus on and raise awareness about methods of data collection which might be

less used but which could turn out to be highly efficient : use of administrative data and data linking, modelling, etc.

• Identify different data sources and provide help for exploiting them
• Need for smart solutions

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Contents

• Purposes of the MESH manual

 Provide definitions and explanations of main concepts in order to allow a common understanding

across Member States (MS) – e.g. household, energy use,…

 Gather existing experiences from several Member States, listing good practices and methods

used for obtaining the data, focusing on the efficiency of various processes and the reliability / quality of data while limiting the administrative burden

 Detail the list of most used methods of data collection with their strengths and weaknesses,

typical assumptions, examples of practical application, specific issues and errors (not to be) made

 Investigate further benefits of gathering more detailed data, going beyond current needs

• Aimed to be not an exhaustive list of instructions but a helpful tool for

statisticians

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Working methods / development process

• How was the MESH developed

 Involvement of all stakeholders from the beginning of the project and throughout its development

• Initiated with a Task Force in 2008: set out recommendations on the basic information needs
• Work done in parallel on the amendment of the ESR and on the production of the manual
• SECH project: 1.5 M€ for household sector statistical studies (pilot / test surveys) in 17 countries

 Analysis of the initial situation and search for existing practices

• Identifying the situation and the users’ needs (in relation to the TF 2008)
• Preparing a global inventory of practices for the statistics in the residential sector, at EU level and wider

 Draft a manual providing greater insight into the energy use in the residential sector, the different

statistical techniques applied, the good practices and methodologies used and the suggestions of

• ptions to use according to the users’ starting-off situation
• Complement the manual (theory) with a training session for all the users

 Broad dissemination of the information, the manual and the good practices identified

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Working methods / development process

• Produced by MESH team with and for all EU Member States

 Contributing partners: Germany, Poland  Initial survey of NSI (and others) on approach to measurement (90% response rate)  Newsletters to all NSI every 4 months!  Presentations on work to annual Energy Statistics Working Group (2012, 2013 and 2014)

• Shared drafts of definitions to all NSI (comments from 10)
• Shared drafts of manual to all (comments from 7)

 All NSI invited to training

• Survey of needs prior to training and satisfaction survey after the training
• All training material and manual on CROS and Eurostat website

 Engagement with universities for some specific elements (e.g. fuel poverty)

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Situation of household sector energy statistics in the EU

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Surveys Modeling Administrative Data In Situ Measurements

Number Methods 56% 22% 16% 7%

Data Acquisition Systems by Types in the EU

Groups of Coverage Coverage Number of countries 1 < 30% 1 2 30% - 45% 5 3 45% - 55% 2 4 55% - 70% 9 5 >70% 10

Task Force 2008: Coverage Groups

• Good coverage of TF 2008 proposals (key data needs) but there are still many gaps
• Need for standardization to allow for comparisons between the energy consumption
• f the EU countries
• Lack of transfer of knowledge between different Member States

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Data collection methods

• List of most used methods of data collection

 Household and Business (supplier) surveys, Administrative data, In situ measurements, Modelling  Examples to provide inspiration, learning, greater level of detail, dealing with common difficulties,

and make it easy to find more information

 Interaction and links between approaches  Summary of the key data collected and time lags, etc.  What issues arose with collecting the data – e.g. poor response, conflicting data, etc. and how

these were overcome. Brief overview on quality and accuracy

 How have the data been used to monitor and develop policy

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Data collection methods

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Good practices

• Focus on smart methods – example: use of admin data

 Data available within other frameworks than the 'classical' energy statistics

• Tremendous potential but huge difficulties → still marginal use
• Big (Admin) Data ?

 Sources

• Governmental (energy taxes, certificates, permits), energy supply companies (bills), building registers,

sales of specific equipment

 Imprtance of data linking as no dataset contains all the information needed

 Need for powerful tools for data matching  Complement with modelling and (smaller scale) surveys  Cross checking and validation (involve experts, in situ measurements)

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Admin data

• Advantages / reasons to use administrative data

 Reduce burden of surveys  High number of records will allow more detailed breakdowns / complete coverage  Avoids duplication by using existing data  No sample error (if data covers the whole population)

• Disadvantages / obstacles

 Dependency on third parties  Data not collected directly for statistical purposes: different definitions, legal barriers to the use of

data

 Problem of influence on the data collection process: variables and units used, time period covered  Efforts needed to set up the process (collaboration, legal basis)

• When possible, be involved at an early stage in the definition of needs

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Optimized use of data

• Maximize the use of available data

 Show households in wider context, view in different ways, wider admin data and data matching  Link to Renewables Energy Directive, to Fuel Poverty  Wider needs and benefits from analysis  Households as consumers of energy: understanding their use, behaviours, real costs involved

• Look into the future: how to expand data collection to satisfy broader user needs and

potential needs

 Explore ways to develop a more detailed understanding of household energy consumption:

establishing definitions in 2 or 3 levels, in order to obtain further details (socio demographic variables, energy technologies and energy efficiency variables) - Not part of changes in Regulation but important to consider all issues of households

• Recognize benefits in comparability of data across countries if common definitions

and breakdowns of variables can be used

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Final observations

• Lessons learnt

 Gather existing expertise: knowledge exists but it is spread across countries and organizations  Multiply the data sources and methods, highlight the importance of combining methods: adapt to

national context, no perfect solution but mix of complementary tools

 Develop dedicated statistical tools especially for data mining and data linking  Establish common boundaries for the data collection (household sector, energy products

concerned), standardize as much as possible

 Define major concepts (energy end-uses), but also other related variables which can be relevant

for the data collection process, as well as all basic terms used in the Manual / procedures

 Transfer and share the knowledge and experiences between all stakeholders (learn from other's

experiences)

 Help MS to incorporate technical solutions already validated (practical implementation, training,

not only theory)

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MESH PROJECT: PRODUCTION OF A MANUAL FOR STATISTICS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS

Conclusion

• Good practices for ESSnet projects

 Define clear objectives with need for the project to be supported by all MS: maintain interaction

with all stakeholders, seeking their input

 Approach developed through project from initial business case – needs flexibility within team and

mirrored in Eurostat

 Innovative management and coordination of project based on the professionalism, flexibility and

respect between all partners

• Ability to build an efficient team: real value in meetings (2 days), all input welcomed , deadlines agreed

among partners

 High added value outputs for stakeholders delivered with long-lasting benefit  Plan for and carry out evaluation of project and its impact  Plan for dissemination and training key – project needs to help all MS

• Successful project delivered on time under budget