Prospects for THEIA: An Advanced Liquid Scintillator Neutrino - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Prospects for THEIA: An Advanced Liquid Scintillator Neutrino - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Prospects for THEIA: An Advanced Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Experiment Daniele Guffanti on behalf of the THEIA collaboration Toyama, September 12 th 2019 D. Guffanti (JGU

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SLIDE 1

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Prospects for THEIA: An Advanced Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Experiment

Daniele Guffanti

  • n behalf of the THEIA collaboration

Toyama, September 12th 2019

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 1 / 15

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SLIDE 2

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 2 / 15

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SLIDE 3

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Water Čerenkov Detectors ◮ High transparency ◮ Topological information ⊲ Directionality ⊲ Particle ID ◮ Metal loading potential

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 2 / 15

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SLIDE 4

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Water Čerenkov Detectors ◮ High transparency ◮ Topological information ⊲ Directionality ⊲ Particle ID ◮ Metal loading potential Liquid Scintillator Detectors ◮ High light yield ⊲ Low energy threshold ⊲ Good energy resolution ◮ Effective purification methods ◮ Fast timing ֒ → background coincidence tag ◮ Particle ID

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 2 / 15

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SLIDE 5

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Water Čerenkov Detectors ◮ High transparency ◮ Topological information ⊲ Directionality ⊲ Particle ID ◮ Metal loading potential Liquid Scintillator Detectors ◮ High light yield ⊲ Low energy threshold ⊲ Good energy resolution ◮ Effective purification methods ◮ Fast timing ֒ → background coincidence tag ◮ Particle ID Recent advances in

  • Ev. Reco. Techniques

Photodetectors Technology Liquid Scintillator ↓ ↓ ↓ Next generation detectors Water Čerenkov + Liquid Scintillators

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 2 / 15

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SLIDE 6

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Introducing THEIA

31 institutions from 6 countries ◮ Large volume (multi kton) ◮ Deep underground facility (SURF) ◮ Proven concept, new technology ⊲ Water-based Liquid Scintillator ⊲ Ultra-fast photodetection ↓ Flexible detector Broad physics program

Concept paper: https//arxiv.org/abs/1409.5864

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 3 / 15

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SLIDE 7

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Cherenkov/Scintillation light separation

From M. Wurm, Neutrino 2018

Angular distr. Timing

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 4 / 15

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SLIDE 8

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Cherenkov/Scintillation light separation

From M. Wurm, Neutrino 2018

Angular distr. Timing

CHESS: CHErenkov-Scintillation Separation

  • J. Caravaca et al., Eur. Phys. J. C (2017) 77:811
  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 4 / 15

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SLIDE 9

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Cherenkov/Scintillation light separation

From M. Wurm, Neutrino 2018

Angular distr. Timing Wavelength

CHESS: CHErenkov-Scintillation Separation

  • J. Caravaca et al., Eur. Phys. J. C (2017) 77:811

Dichroic filters

Kaptanoglu,LuoandKlein,JINST (2019) 14:05

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 4 / 15

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SLIDE 10

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup WbLS

Water-based Liquid Scintillators

  • M. Yeh et al, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A (2011) 660

Composition Mix of water and LS made possible by surfactant molecules Properties Depends on relative concentrations ◮ Reduced light yield (although not linear with LS fraction) ◮ Increased transparency ◮ Comparable timing ◮ Metal loading possibility (Gd, 7Li, ...)

LS

Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail(s) 102 103 104 50 100 150 Water Čerenkov

(SNO, SuperK, HyperK, ...)

Water-based Liquid Scintillator Water-like ◮ > 70% Water ◮ Čer + Scint ◮ Cost effective ◮ loading of hydrophilic elements Oil-like LS

(Bx, SNO+)

Light yield (ph/MeV) Attenuation length (m)

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 5 / 15

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SLIDE 11

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Fast Photodetectors

New developments in Photodetector technology

Many possible options Fast PMT modules SiPM arrays LAPPD

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 6 / 15

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SLIDE 12

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Fast Photodetectors

New developments in Photodetector technology

Many possible options Fast PMT modules SiPM arrays LAPPD

Large Area Picosecond PhotoDetector

◮ Bi-alkali photocathode with 20–25% QE ◮ Large area (20 × 20 cm2) ◮ Large fill factor ◮ MCP based photodetectors ◮ Time resolution ≈ 60 ps ◮ Spatial resolution < 1 cm

Developed by U. Chicago, Argonne NL, Iowa State U. and Incom Inc. Now commercially available

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 6 / 15

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SLIDE 13

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup The path towards THEIA

Towards THEIA

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 ANNIE Ph II ANNIE Ph III Watchman Amanda Weinstein, Neutrino #6

ANNIE @ FNAL ν booster

n multiplicity in ν–N int. in water Phase II - Gd loading Phase III run with WbLS planned First experiment employing LAPPDs

Significant improvement in ev. reco. even with only 5 LAPPDs (see A. Weinstein, New Technology #4) Christopher Grant, Neutrino #18

WATCHMAN @ Buolby

≈ 1 kton FV Čerenkov detector Water + 0.1% Gd loading Nuclear reactor monitoring WbLS and LAPPD under consideration for a second phase (2027+)

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 7 / 15

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SLIDE 14

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Large scale, multipurpose neutrino detector 2 options: ◮ Baseline: 25 kton (17 kton FV) - fit SURF cavern ◮ Ideal: 50 kton (35 kton FV) (or more) Tunable fraction of LS depending on the physics goal →Staged approach

High Energy Program ≈ 1% WbLS ◮ Long baseline neutrino oscillation ◮ Nucleon decay Low Energy Program ≈ 5% WbLS ◮ Solar neutrinos ◮ Antineutrino program SN-ν, DSNB, Reactor ν ◮ + Isotope loading → 0ν–ββ search

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 8 / 15

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SLIDE 15

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup High energy program

Long-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation

SURF @ Homestake: 4000 m.w.e. deep, LBNF beam 1300 km baseline DUNE 4 × 10 kton LAr TPCs module Goal: Mass Hierarchy and δCP

+

THEIA 25–50 kton WbLS experiment Same beam, different systematics

Reasons for THEIA-LBL ◮ Different set of systematics wrt DUNE ◮ Exploit recent improvement in ev. reco. (T2K) ◮ Possible significant improvement with WbLS: ⊲ Measurementoflow-energyhadronicproducts ⊲ Improved n detection (even w/out Gd loading) ⊲ Better energy resolution at low-energy (second oscillation maximum)

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 9 / 15

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SLIDE 16

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup High energy program

Sensitivity study

◮ GLobeS framework, LBNF beam ◮ Current WČD performance assumed

(no improvement from WbLS and LAPPD considered)

Analysis νe appearance 9 samples of νe/¯ νe with different ev. topologies

DUNE 10 kton CDR performance

−1 −0.5 0.5 1 5 10 15 20 Mass Ordering Sensitivity Normal Ordering 7 years δCP/π Significance

  • ¯

χ2 −1 −0.5 0.5 1 2 4 6 δCP Sensitivity NO 7 years δCP/π Significance

  • ¯

χ2 THEIA 35 kton THEIA 17 kton DUNE 10 kton

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 10 / 15

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SLIDE 17

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Solar neutrino physics with THEIA

JR Alonso et al, https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.5864

  • R. Bonventre & G.D. Orebi Gann, Eur. Phys. J. C (2018) 78: 435

◮ Water Čerenkov (SK + SNO): ν(8B) ◮ LS (Borexino): Low Energy ν (pp, pep, 7Be) ◮ WbLS: interesting energy region ⊲ CNO neutrinos Very relevant for solar and stellar physics ⊲

8B neutrino upturn

Exotic oscillation behaviour

100 101 102 107 1012 pp

7Be

pep

8B

hep

13N 15O 17F

Water Čerenkov Liquid Scintillator WbLS Energy (MeV) Flux (cm−2s−1MeV−1)

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 11 / 15

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SLIDE 18

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Solar neutrino physics with THEIA

JR Alonso et al, https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.5864

  • R. Bonventre & G.D. Orebi Gann, Eur. Phys. J. C (2018) 78: 435

◮ Water Čerenkov (SK + SNO): ν(8B) ◮ LS (Borexino): Low Energy ν (pp, pep, 7Be) ◮ WbLS: interesting energy region ⊲ CNO neutrinos Very relevant for solar and stellar physics ⊲

8B neutrino upturn

Exotic oscillation behaviour

100 101 102 107 1012 pp

7Be

pep

8B

hep

13N 15O 17F

Water Čerenkov Liquid Scintillator WbLS Energy (MeV) Flux (cm−2s−1MeV−1)

Huge statistics of νe–e− ES Reconstructed energy +

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 11 / 15

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SLIDE 19

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Solar neutrino physics with THEIA

JR Alonso et al, https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.5864

  • R. Bonventre & G.D. Orebi Gann, Eur. Phys. J. C (2018) 78: 435

◮ Water Čerenkov (SK + SNO): ν(8B) ◮ LS (Borexino): Low Energy ν (pp, pep, 7Be) ◮ WbLS: interesting energy region ⊲ CNO neutrinos Very relevant for solar and stellar physics ⊲

8B neutrino upturn

Exotic oscillation behaviour

100 101 102 107 1012 pp

7Be

pep

8B

hep

13N 15O 17F

Water Čerenkov Liquid Scintillator WbLS Energy (MeV) Flux (cm−2s−1MeV−1)

Huge statistics of νe–e− ES Reconstructed energy + Directionality

θ cos 1 − 0.5 − 0.5 1 Counts/0.2 5700 5720 5740 5760 5780 5800

3

10 × Total Simulated data Background < 1.5 MeV E 1 MeV < 5 years exposure

CNO sensitivity driven by directionality Robust against background level and energy resolution CNO accuracy [%] assuming 3% WbLS target Angular resolution (kton) 25° 35° 55° 25 8.0 11.5 17.7 50 5.9 8.4 13.0

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 11 / 15

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SLIDE 20

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Supernova neutrinos

SN ν detector in the next future: SuperK(Gd) + IceCube + Juno + DUNE + HyperK + THEIA

IBD νx

16O NC

νe

16O CC

¯ νe

16O CC

¯ νxe− ES SN explosion at 10 kpc

  • Exp. spectrum

in 50 kton of (10%)WbLS

◮ dominant contribution of Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) ¯ νe + p → n + e+ + delayed n capture ◮ Prompt signal from NC int. on 16O νx + 16O → νx + 16O∗ ◮ CC int. on 16O νe + 16O → e− + 16N ¯ νe + 16O → e+ + 16Fe ◮ ES on electrons: νx + e− → νx + e−

Advantage of a WbLS experiment: Discrimination between int. channels

◮ n capture tagging for Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) ◮ Resolution of different excitation lines from NC int. ◮ νeO tagging Delayed coincidence with 16N decay (τ = 7 s) ◮ Improved ES signal pointing capability w/ small IBD bkg.

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 12 / 15

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SLIDE 21

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background

Diffuse, isotropic flux of ν from all SN explosion in the Universe. Important to study ◮ Core-collapse SN rate ◮ SN ν emission

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 13 / 15

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Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background

Diffuse, isotropic flux of ν from all SN explosion in the Universe. Important to study ◮ Core-collapse SN rate ◮ SN ν emission Main int. channel: IBD Backgrounds: ◮ Reactor ν (irreducible) ◮ Fast n from HE µ ◮ Cosmogenic 9Li (βn emitter) ◮ Atmospheric ν CC ◮ Atmospheric ν NC

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 13 / 15

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SLIDE 23

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background

Diffuse, isotropic flux of ν from all SN explosion in the Universe. Important to study ◮ Core-collapse SN rate ◮ SN ν emission Main int. channel: IBD Backgrounds: ◮ Reactor ν (irreducible) ◮ Fast n from HE µ ◮ Cosmogenic 9Li (βn emitter) ◮ Atmospheric ν CC ◮ Atmospheric ν NC

Primary background: Atm ν NC Nuclear fragments products are below Čerenkov threshold ֒ → Čerenkov/Scintillation ratio discrimination + Delayed coincidence cuts, topology cuts, ...

֒ →

Significant background reduction wrt organic LS detector

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 13 / 15

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SLIDE 24

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Neutrinoless ββ decay search

Goal: Cover IO space Reach NO region 2 possible approaches: ◮ KamLAND/Zen like ◮ SNO+ like

40 m 40 m 16 m

◮ 50 kton detector ◮ 90% photocoverage ◮ Vessel filled with Ultra-pure LAB+PPO

(σE ≃ 3%/ √ E)

◮ Loading ⊲ 5% Te loading (34.1% 130Te) ⊲ 3% Xe loading (89.5% enriched 136Xe)

Impracticalforcurrent 136Xeproductionrate

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 14 / 15

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SLIDE 25

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup Low energy program

Neutrinoless ββ decay search

Goal: Cover IO space Reach NO region 2 possible approaches: ◮ KamLAND/Zen like ◮ SNO+ like

40 m 40 m 16 m

◮ 50 kton detector ◮ 90% photocoverage ◮ Vessel filled with Ultra-pure LAB+PPO

(σE ≃ 3%/ √ E)

◮ Loading ⊲ 5% Te loading (34.1% 130Te) ⊲ 3% Xe loading (89.5% enriched 136Xe)

Impracticalforcurrent 136Xeproductionrate

Dominant ν(8B) solar neutrino ES background Rejection power > 50% to cover IO ֒ → Need large photocoverage and high QE photodetectors

compensate loss of directionality in pure LS

Expected sensitivity (90% C.L.), 10 y exposure ◮

130Te: T0νββ 1/2

> 1.5 × 1028 y ◮

136Xe: T0νββ 1/2

> 2.7 × 1028 y

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 14 / 15

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SLIDE 26

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Conclusions and Outlooks

◮ Progress in LS and photodetector technology has opened the way for the next generation of LS neutrino experiment ◮ THEIA plans to combine the advantages of Water Čerenkov Detectors and Liquid Scintillator Experiments employing fast photosensors and WbLS ⊲ Low Energy threshold ⊲ Good Energy resolution ⊲ Directionality ⊲ Exposure ◮ Versatile detector with huge potential for ν physics! ⊲ High Energy Program: Neutrino oscillation (complementary to DUNE) ⊲ Low Energy Program: Solar-ν, SN-ν, DSNB, 0νββ search ⊲ And much more! Nucleon decay, Reactor ν, Geo-ν... ◮ A long road ahead, but the community is growing and will benefit from the cooperation with ANNIE and WATCHMAN Collaborations

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 15 / 15

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SLIDE 27

Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Backup material

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 16 / 15

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Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Čerenkov/Scintillation Time separation

  • J. Caravaca et al., Eur. Phys. J. C (2017) 77:811

CHESS CHErenkov-Scintillation Separation

◮ Study of charge and time separation of Č/S ◮ Establish requirements for future experiments Vertical cosmic µ on a small (Wb)LS target 12 Hamamatsu H11934-200 PMTs (1 in, 300 ps TTS) CAEN V1742 digitizer (5 Gsample/s)

Typical ring event (LAB+PPO) Hit time residuals (LAB+PPO)

Results: Successful time and charge based S/Č separation

time eff. [%] charge eff. [%] LAB (83 ± 3) (96 ± 2) LAB/PPO (70 ± 3) (63 ± 8) Preliminary results from WbLS very promising

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 17 / 15

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Introducing THEIA Techniques and Methods Physics Program Backup

Solar ν CC interaction

Possible loading with 7Li νe + 7Li → 7Be + e−

(Q = 862 keV)

Less statistics than ES signal, but almost direct measurement of νe energy ◮ Improved spectral separation ◮ Separation of CNO components

  • D. Guffanti (JGU Mainz)

Prospects for the THEIA neutrino experiment Toyama, 12.09.2019 18 / 15