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r t ts t - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 27, 2022 390 likes •931 views

r t ts t rt t t rr srs srr s rt

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SLIDE 1

❆❏❆❳✿ ❋r♦♠ t❤❡ ❈❧✐❡♥t✲s✐❞❡ ✇✐t❤ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t✱ ❇❛❝❦ t♦ t❤❡ ❙❡r✈❡r

❆s②♥❝❤r♦♥♦✉s s❡r✈❡r ❝❛❧❧s ❛♥❞ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣✐❡s ❈❙ ✸✼✵ ❙❊ Pr❛❝t✐❝✉♠✱ ❈❡♥❣✐③ ●ü♥❛②

✭❙♦♠❡ s❧✐❞❡s ❝♦✉rt❡s② ♦❢ ❊✉❣❡♥❡ ❆❣✐❝❤t❡✐♥ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ■♥t❡r♥❡ts✮ ❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 2

❆❣❡♥❞❛

❉✉❡ ✹✴✶✵✿ ■♥✲❝❧❛ss ❞❡♠♦ ❛♥❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ♣r♦t♦t②♣❡ ❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞ ❍❛✈❡ ②♦✉ ♠❡t ✇✐t❤ ❇♦❜❄ ❆r❡ ②♦✉ ❣❡tt✐♥❣ r❡❛❞② t♦ ❞❡♣❧♦②❄

  • r❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡s t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥ ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦ s✉r✈❡②s✳

❖♥❧✐♥❡ ❝❧❛ss❡s✿ ❨♦✉ ❝❛♥ st✐❧❧ ✇❛t❝❤ t❤❡♠✱ ■✬❧❧ ❛❝❝❡♣t ❧❛t❡ s✉r✈❡②s ✉♥t✐❧ ✹✴✽ ✭✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ ✇❤♦ ❣♦t ♥♦ ♣♦✐♥ts✮ ❚♦❞❛②✿ ❈❧❡❛♥ ②♦✉r ✇❡❜❛♣♣ ✇✐t❤ ❆❏❆❳ ▲❡❛r♥ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❣♦✿ ❏❙❖◆✱ ❙❖❆P✱ ❳▼▲✱ ❘❊❙❚ ❋✐rst✱ ❛❜♦✉t ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦✬s ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❛❜❧❡

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✷ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 3

❆❣❡♥❞❛

❉✉❡ ✹✴✶✵✿ ■♥✲❝❧❛ss ❞❡♠♦ ❛♥❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ♣r♦t♦t②♣❡ ❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞ ❍❛✈❡ ②♦✉ ♠❡t ✇✐t❤ ❇♦❜❄ ❆r❡ ②♦✉ ❣❡tt✐♥❣ r❡❛❞② t♦ ❞❡♣❧♦②❄

  • r❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡s t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥ ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦ s✉r✈❡②s✳

❖♥❧✐♥❡ ❝❧❛ss❡s✿ ❨♦✉ ❝❛♥ st✐❧❧ ✇❛t❝❤ t❤❡♠✱ ■✬❧❧ ❛❝❝❡♣t ❧❛t❡ s✉r✈❡②s ✉♥t✐❧ ✹✴✽ ✭✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ ✇❤♦ ❣♦t ♥♦ ♣♦✐♥ts✮ ❚♦❞❛②✿ ❈❧❡❛♥ ②♦✉r ✇❡❜❛♣♣ ✇✐t❤ ❆❏❆❳ ▲❡❛r♥ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❣♦✿ ❏❙❖◆✱ ❙❖❆P✱ ❳▼▲✱ ❘❊❙❚ ❋✐rst✱ ❛❜♦✉t ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦✬s ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❛❜❧❡

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✷ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 4

❆❣❡♥❞❛

❉✉❡ ✹✴✶✵✿ ■♥✲❝❧❛ss ❞❡♠♦ ❛♥❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ♣r♦t♦t②♣❡ ❞❡♣❧♦②❡❞ ❍❛✈❡ ②♦✉ ♠❡t ✇✐t❤ ❇♦❜❄ ❆r❡ ②♦✉ ❣❡tt✐♥❣ r❡❛❞② t♦ ❞❡♣❧♦②❄

  • r❛❞✐♥❣ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡s t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥ ❛♥❞ ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦ s✉r✈❡②s✳

❖♥❧✐♥❡ ❝❧❛ss❡s✿ ❨♦✉ ❝❛♥ st✐❧❧ ✇❛t❝❤ t❤❡♠✱ ■✬❧❧ ❛❝❝❡♣t ❧❛t❡ s✉r✈❡②s ✉♥t✐❧ ✹✴✽ ✭✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ ❢♦r t❤♦s❡ ♦❢ ②♦✉ ✇❤♦ ❣♦t ♥♦ ♣♦✐♥ts✮ ❚♦❞❛②✿ ❈❧❡❛♥ ②♦✉r ✇❡❜❛♣♣ ✇✐t❤ ❆❏❆❳ ▲❡❛r♥ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ❧✐♥❣♦✿ ❏❙❖◆✱ ❙❖❆P✱ ❳▼▲✱ ❘❊❙❚ ❋✐rst✱ ❛❜♦✉t ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦✬s ❞❡❧✐✈❡r❛❜❧❡

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✷ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 5

✶st ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡✿ ❍♦✇ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦✉t ♦❢ ✐t❄

❨♦✉ ❣♦t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ✇♦r❦✱ s♦ ✇❤❛t❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ ❑♥♦✇ ②♦✉r ❝❧✐❡♥ts✿ ❲❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ✉s❡ ②♦✉r s❡r✈✐❝❡❄ ❋✐♥❞ t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❛r❦❡t ②♦✉r ❞❡♠♦ t♦ t❤❡♠ ❈r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❢♦❝✉s ❣r♦✉♣❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉r t❡st❡rs ✭♣❛rt ♦❢ ②♦✉r t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥✮ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛♥ ❡①✐t s✉r✈❡② ✭❡①❛♠♣❧❡ q✉❡st✐♦♥s✿ ✇❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✉s❡❢✉❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ♠♦st ❛♥♥♦②✐♥❣✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ ❜✉②✴✉s❡ t❤✐s✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✮ ❖t❤❡r ✐❞❡❛s❄ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❜✉❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✮ ❈❧❛ss ❣r❛❞❡ ✇✐❧❧ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ♣♦st✲❞❡♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✭s❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ✇❡❜s✐t❡✮✿ r❡♣♦rt✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❢♦r ♦t❤❡rs✬ ❛♥❞ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts st✉❞❡♥t ✈♦t❡s ❢♦r ❜❡st ♣r♦❥❡❝t ✭❡①tr❛✮ ❤❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✬ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ✭❡①tr❛✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✸ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 6

✶st ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡✿ ❍♦✇ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦✉t ♦❢ ✐t❄

❨♦✉ ❣♦t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ✇♦r❦✱ s♦ ✇❤❛t❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ ❑♥♦✇ ②♦✉r ❝❧✐❡♥ts✿ ❲❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ✉s❡ ②♦✉r s❡r✈✐❝❡❄ ❋✐♥❞ t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❛r❦❡t ②♦✉r ❞❡♠♦ t♦ t❤❡♠ ❈r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❢♦❝✉s ❣r♦✉♣❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉r t❡st❡rs ✭♣❛rt ♦❢ ②♦✉r t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥✮ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛♥ ❡①✐t s✉r✈❡② ✭❡①❛♠♣❧❡ q✉❡st✐♦♥s✿ ✇❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✉s❡❢✉❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ♠♦st ❛♥♥♦②✐♥❣✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ ❜✉②✴✉s❡ t❤✐s✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✮ ❖t❤❡r ✐❞❡❛s❄ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❜✉❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✮ ❈❧❛ss ❣r❛❞❡ ✇✐❧❧ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ♣♦st✲❞❡♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✭s❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ✇❡❜s✐t❡✮✿ r❡♣♦rt✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❢♦r ♦t❤❡rs✬ ❛♥❞ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts st✉❞❡♥t ✈♦t❡s ❢♦r ❜❡st ♣r♦❥❡❝t ✭❡①tr❛✮ ❤❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✬ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ✭❡①tr❛✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✸ ✴ ✶✻

slide-7
SLIDE 7

✶st ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡✿ ❍♦✇ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦✉t ♦❢ ✐t❄

❨♦✉ ❣♦t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ✇♦r❦✱ s♦ ✇❤❛t❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ ❑♥♦✇ ②♦✉r ❝❧✐❡♥ts✿ ❲❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ✉s❡ ②♦✉r s❡r✈✐❝❡❄ ❋✐♥❞ t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❛r❦❡t ②♦✉r ❞❡♠♦ t♦ t❤❡♠ ❈r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❢♦❝✉s ❣r♦✉♣❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉r t❡st❡rs ✭♣❛rt ♦❢ ②♦✉r t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥✮ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛♥ ❡①✐t s✉r✈❡② ✭❡①❛♠♣❧❡ q✉❡st✐♦♥s✿ ✇❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✉s❡❢✉❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ♠♦st ❛♥♥♦②✐♥❣✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ ❜✉②✴✉s❡ t❤✐s✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✮ ❖t❤❡r ✐❞❡❛s❄ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❜✉❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✮ ❈❧❛ss ❣r❛❞❡ ✇✐❧❧ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ♣♦st✲❞❡♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✭s❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ✇❡❜s✐t❡✮✿ r❡♣♦rt✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❢♦r ♦t❤❡rs✬ ❛♥❞ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts st✉❞❡♥t ✈♦t❡s ❢♦r ❜❡st ♣r♦❥❡❝t ✭❡①tr❛✮ ❤❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✬ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ✭❡①tr❛✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✸ ✴ ✶✻

slide-8
SLIDE 8

✶st ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡✿ ❍♦✇ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦✉t ♦❢ ✐t❄

❨♦✉ ❣♦t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ✇♦r❦✱ s♦ ✇❤❛t❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ ❑♥♦✇ ②♦✉r ❝❧✐❡♥ts✿ ❲❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ✉s❡ ②♦✉r s❡r✈✐❝❡❄ ❋✐♥❞ t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❛r❦❡t ②♦✉r ❞❡♠♦ t♦ t❤❡♠ ❈r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❢♦❝✉s ❣r♦✉♣❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉r t❡st❡rs ✭♣❛rt ♦❢ ②♦✉r t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥✮ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛♥ ❡①✐t s✉r✈❡② ✭❡①❛♠♣❧❡ q✉❡st✐♦♥s✿ ✇❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✉s❡❢✉❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ♠♦st ❛♥♥♦②✐♥❣✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ ❜✉②✴✉s❡ t❤✐s✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✮ ❖t❤❡r ✐❞❡❛s❄ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❜✉❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✮ ❈❧❛ss ❣r❛❞❡ ✇✐❧❧ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ♣♦st✲❞❡♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✭s❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ✇❡❜s✐t❡✮✿ r❡♣♦rt✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❢♦r ♦t❤❡rs✬ ❛♥❞ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts st✉❞❡♥t ✈♦t❡s ❢♦r ❜❡st ♣r♦❥❡❝t ✭❡①tr❛✮ ❤❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✬ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ✭❡①tr❛✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✸ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 9

✶st ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡✿ ❍♦✇ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦✉t ♦❢ ✐t❄

❨♦✉ ❣♦t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ✇♦r❦✱ s♦ ✇❤❛t❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ ❑♥♦✇ ②♦✉r ❝❧✐❡♥ts✿ ❲❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ✉s❡ ②♦✉r s❡r✈✐❝❡❄ ❋✐♥❞ t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❛r❦❡t ②♦✉r ❞❡♠♦ t♦ t❤❡♠ ❈r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❢♦❝✉s ❣r♦✉♣❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉r t❡st❡rs ✭♣❛rt ♦❢ ②♦✉r t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥✮ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛♥ ❡①✐t s✉r✈❡② ✭❡①❛♠♣❧❡ q✉❡st✐♦♥s✿ ✇❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✉s❡❢✉❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ♠♦st ❛♥♥♦②✐♥❣✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ ❜✉②✴✉s❡ t❤✐s✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✮ ❖t❤❡r ✐❞❡❛s❄ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❜✉❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✮ ❈❧❛ss ❣r❛❞❡ ✇✐❧❧ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ♣♦st✲❞❡♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✭s❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ✇❡❜s✐t❡✮✿ r❡♣♦rt✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❢♦r ♦t❤❡rs✬ ❛♥❞ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts st✉❞❡♥t ✈♦t❡s ❢♦r ❜❡st ♣r♦❥❡❝t ✭❡①tr❛✮ ❤❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✬ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ✭❡①tr❛✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✸ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 10

✶st ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ Pr♦t♦t②♣❡✿ ❍♦✇ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ t❤❡ ♠♦st ♦✉t ♦❢ ✐t❄

❨♦✉ ❣♦t s♦♠❡t❤✐♥❣ t♦ ✇♦r❦✱ s♦ ✇❤❛t❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ ❑♥♦✇ ②♦✉r ❝❧✐❡♥ts✿ ❲❤♦ ✇✐❧❧ ✉s❡ ②♦✉r s❡r✈✐❝❡❄ ❋✐♥❞ t❤❡♠ ❛♥❞ ♠❛r❦❡t ②♦✉r ❞❡♠♦ t♦ t❤❡♠ ❈r❡❛t❡ ❛ ❢♦❝✉s ❣r♦✉♣❄ ❍♦✇ t♦ ❣❡t ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢❡❡❞❜❛❝❦❄ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛ ❣✉✐❞❡ ❢♦r ②♦✉r t❡st❡rs ✭♣❛rt ♦❢ ②♦✉r t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❧❛♥✮ Pr❡♣❛r❡ ❛♥ ❡①✐t s✉r✈❡② ✭❡①❛♠♣❧❡ q✉❡st✐♦♥s✿ ✇❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ♠♦st ✉s❡❢✉❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✱ ✇❤❛t✬s ♠♦st ❛♥♥♦②✐♥❣✱ ✇♦✉❧❞ ②♦✉ ❜✉②✴✉s❡ t❤✐s✱ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✮ ❖t❤❡r ✐❞❡❛s❄ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❜✉❣ ❜♦✉♥t✐❡s✮ ❈❧❛ss ❣r❛❞❡ ✇✐❧❧ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ♣♦st✲❞❡♣❧♦②♠❡♥t ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✭s❡❡ ❝♦✉rs❡ ✇❡❜s✐t❡✮✿ r❡♣♦rt✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❢♦r ♦t❤❡rs✬ ❛♥❞ ②♦✉r ♦✇♥ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts st✉❞❡♥t ✈♦t❡s ❢♦r ❜❡st ♣r♦❥❡❝t ✭❡①tr❛✮ ❤❛❝❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ♦t❤❡rs✬ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ✭❡①tr❛✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✸ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 11

❊♥tr②✴❊①✐t ❙✉r✈❡②s

❊①✐t s✉r✈❡②✿ ❉❡s✐❣♥ P❛tt❡r♥s ❛♥❞ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t

❚❡❧❧ ♠❡ ❜r✐❡✢② ❛❜♦✉t ❛ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ♣❛tt❡r♥ ②♦✉ ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s❧② ❡♠♣❧♦②❡❞ ❛♥❞ ❢♦✉♥❞ ✉s❡❢✉❧✳ ❇r✐❡✢② ❡①♣❧❛✐♥ ✉s✐♥❣ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ✐♥ ②♦✉r ✇❡❜❛♣♣ ❛s ❛ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ♣❛tt❡r♥✳

❊♥tr② s✉r✈❡②✿ ❆❏❆❳

❲❤♦ ❞♦ ②♦✉ t❤✐♥❦ ✐♥✈❡♥t❡❞ ❆❏❆❳❄ ◆❡ts❝❛♣❡✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t✱ ♦r ●♦♦❣❧❡❄ ✭♥♦ ❝❤❡❛t✐♥❣✱ ❥✉st ❣✉❡ss✮ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧r❡❛❞② r✉♥ ❏❙ ♦♥ ❝❧✐❡♥t s✐❞❡✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✹ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 12

❇r✐❡❢ ❍✐st♦r② ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳

❤tt♣✿✴✴❡♥✳✇✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✳♦r❣✴✇✐❦✐✴❆❥❛①❴✪✷✽♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✪✷✾★❍✐st♦r② ✶✾✾✵s✱ ✇❡❜s✐t❡s ❛r❡ s❧♦✇ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♣❛❣❡ ❧♦❛❞s ✶✾✾✻✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s t❤❡ ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❛❣ ✶✾✾✽✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss t❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❜② ❝❧✐❡♥t s❝r✐♣t✳ ✶✾✾✾✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✉s❡❞ ✐ts ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② t♦ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ✉♣❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇s st♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ st♦❝❦ q✉♦t❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ♣❛❣❡ ❢♦r ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❆❝t✐✈❡❳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✺ ❆❞♦♣t❡❞ ❜② ▼♦③✐❧❧❛✱ ❙❛❢❛r✐✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❜r♦✇s❡rs ❛s t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍tt♣❘❡q✉❡st ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ♦❜❥❡❝t✳ ❆❏❆❳ st✐❧❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ✉♥t✐❧ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss ✭✷✵✵✵✮ ❛♥❞ ❖❞❞♣♦st ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ●♦♦❣❧❡✬s ❝r♦ss ❜r♦✇s❡r ❆❥❛① ✇✐t❤ ●♠❛✐❧ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ●♦♦❣❧❡ ▼❛♣s ✭✷✵✵✺✮✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 13

❇r✐❡❢ ❍✐st♦r② ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳

❤tt♣✿✴✴❡♥✳✇✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✳♦r❣✴✇✐❦✐✴❆❥❛①❴✪✷✽♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✪✷✾★❍✐st♦r② ✶✾✾✵s✱ ✇❡❜s✐t❡s ❛r❡ s❧♦✇ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♣❛❣❡ ❧♦❛❞s ✶✾✾✻✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s t❤❡ ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❛❣ ✶✾✾✽✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss t❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❜② ❝❧✐❡♥t s❝r✐♣t✳ ✶✾✾✾✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✉s❡❞ ✐ts ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② t♦ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ✉♣❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇s st♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ st♦❝❦ q✉♦t❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ♣❛❣❡ ❢♦r ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❆❝t✐✈❡❳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✺ ❆❞♦♣t❡❞ ❜② ▼♦③✐❧❧❛✱ ❙❛❢❛r✐✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❜r♦✇s❡rs ❛s t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍tt♣❘❡q✉❡st ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ♦❜❥❡❝t✳ ❆❏❆❳ st✐❧❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ✉♥t✐❧ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss ✭✷✵✵✵✮ ❛♥❞ ❖❞❞♣♦st ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ●♦♦❣❧❡✬s ❝r♦ss ❜r♦✇s❡r ❆❥❛① ✇✐t❤ ●♠❛✐❧ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ●♦♦❣❧❡ ▼❛♣s ✭✷✵✵✺✮✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✶✻

slide-14
SLIDE 14

❇r✐❡❢ ❍✐st♦r② ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳

❤tt♣✿✴✴❡♥✳✇✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✳♦r❣✴✇✐❦✐✴❆❥❛①❴✪✷✽♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✪✷✾★❍✐st♦r② ✶✾✾✵s✱ ✇❡❜s✐t❡s ❛r❡ s❧♦✇ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♣❛❣❡ ❧♦❛❞s ✶✾✾✻✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s t❤❡ ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❛❣ ✶✾✾✽✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss t❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❜② ❝❧✐❡♥t s❝r✐♣t✳ ✶✾✾✾✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✉s❡❞ ✐ts ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② t♦ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ✉♣❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇s st♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ st♦❝❦ q✉♦t❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ♣❛❣❡ ❢♦r ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❆❝t✐✈❡❳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✺ ❆❞♦♣t❡❞ ❜② ▼♦③✐❧❧❛✱ ❙❛❢❛r✐✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❜r♦✇s❡rs ❛s t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍tt♣❘❡q✉❡st ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ♦❜❥❡❝t✳ ❆❏❆❳ st✐❧❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ✉♥t✐❧ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss ✭✷✵✵✵✮ ❛♥❞ ❖❞❞♣♦st ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ●♦♦❣❧❡✬s ❝r♦ss ❜r♦✇s❡r ❆❥❛① ✇✐t❤ ●♠❛✐❧ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ●♦♦❣❧❡ ▼❛♣s ✭✷✵✵✺✮✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✶✻

slide-15
SLIDE 15

❇r✐❡❢ ❍✐st♦r② ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳

❤tt♣✿✴✴❡♥✳✇✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✳♦r❣✴✇✐❦✐✴❆❥❛①❴✪✷✽♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✪✷✾★❍✐st♦r② ✶✾✾✵s✱ ✇❡❜s✐t❡s ❛r❡ s❧♦✇ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♣❛❣❡ ❧♦❛❞s ✶✾✾✻✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s t❤❡ ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❛❣ ✶✾✾✽✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss t❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❜② ❝❧✐❡♥t s❝r✐♣t✳ ✶✾✾✾✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✉s❡❞ ✐ts ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② t♦ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ✉♣❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇s st♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ st♦❝❦ q✉♦t❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ♣❛❣❡ ❢♦r ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❆❝t✐✈❡❳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✺ ❆❞♦♣t❡❞ ❜② ▼♦③✐❧❧❛✱ ❙❛❢❛r✐✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❜r♦✇s❡rs ❛s t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍tt♣❘❡q✉❡st ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ♦❜❥❡❝t✳ ❆❏❆❳ st✐❧❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ✉♥t✐❧ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss ✭✷✵✵✵✮ ❛♥❞ ❖❞❞♣♦st ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ●♦♦❣❧❡✬s ❝r♦ss ❜r♦✇s❡r ❆❥❛① ✇✐t❤ ●♠❛✐❧ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ●♦♦❣❧❡ ▼❛♣s ✭✷✵✵✺✮✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✶✻

slide-16
SLIDE 16

❇r✐❡❢ ❍✐st♦r② ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳

❤tt♣✿✴✴❡♥✳✇✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✳♦r❣✴✇✐❦✐✴❆❥❛①❴✪✷✽♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✪✷✾★❍✐st♦r② ✶✾✾✵s✱ ✇❡❜s✐t❡s ❛r❡ s❧♦✇ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♣❛❣❡ ❧♦❛❞s ✶✾✾✻✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s t❤❡ ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❛❣ ✶✾✾✽✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss t❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❜② ❝❧✐❡♥t s❝r✐♣t✳ ✶✾✾✾✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✉s❡❞ ✐ts ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② t♦ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ✉♣❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇s st♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ st♦❝❦ q✉♦t❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ♣❛❣❡ ❢♦r ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❆❝t✐✈❡❳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✺ ❆❞♦♣t❡❞ ❜② ▼♦③✐❧❧❛✱ ❙❛❢❛r✐✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❜r♦✇s❡rs ❛s t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍tt♣❘❡q✉❡st ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ♦❜❥❡❝t✳ ❆❏❆❳ st✐❧❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ✉♥t✐❧ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss ✭✷✵✵✵✮ ❛♥❞ ❖❞❞♣♦st ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ●♦♦❣❧❡✬s ❝r♦ss ❜r♦✇s❡r ❆❥❛① ✇✐t❤ ●♠❛✐❧ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ●♦♦❣❧❡ ▼❛♣s ✭✷✵✵✺✮✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✶✻

slide-17
SLIDE 17

❇r✐❡❢ ❍✐st♦r② ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳

❤tt♣✿✴✴❡♥✳✇✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✳♦r❣✴✇✐❦✐✴❆❥❛①❴✪✷✽♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✪✷✾★❍✐st♦r② ✶✾✾✵s✱ ✇❡❜s✐t❡s ❛r❡ s❧♦✇ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♣❛❣❡ ❧♦❛❞s ✶✾✾✻✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s t❤❡ ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❛❣ ✶✾✾✽✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss t❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❜② ❝❧✐❡♥t s❝r✐♣t✳ ✶✾✾✾✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✉s❡❞ ✐ts ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② t♦ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ✉♣❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇s st♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ st♦❝❦ q✉♦t❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ♣❛❣❡ ❢♦r ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❆❝t✐✈❡❳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✺ ❆❞♦♣t❡❞ ❜② ▼♦③✐❧❧❛✱ ❙❛❢❛r✐✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❜r♦✇s❡rs ❛s t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍tt♣❘❡q✉❡st ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ♦❜❥❡❝t✳ ❆❏❆❳ st✐❧❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ✉♥t✐❧ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss ✭✷✵✵✵✮ ❛♥❞ ❖❞❞♣♦st ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ●♦♦❣❧❡✬s ❝r♦ss ❜r♦✇s❡r ❆❥❛① ✇✐t❤ ●♠❛✐❧ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ●♦♦❣❧❡ ▼❛♣s ✭✷✵✵✺✮✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 18

❇r✐❡❢ ❍✐st♦r② ♦❢ ❆❏❆❳

❤tt♣✿✴✴❡♥✳✇✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✳♦r❣✴✇✐❦✐✴❆❥❛①❴✪✷✽♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣✪✷✾★❍✐st♦r② ✶✾✾✵s✱ ✇❡❜s✐t❡s ❛r❡ s❧♦✇ ❜❡❝❛✉s❡ ♦❢ ❢✉❧❧ ♣❛❣❡ ❧♦❛❞s ✶✾✾✻✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡s t❤❡ ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❛❣ ✶✾✾✽✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss t❡❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ t❤❡ ✜rst ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❜② ❝❧✐❡♥t s❝r✐♣t✳ ✶✾✾✾✱ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✉s❡❞ ✐ts ✐❢r❛♠❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② t♦ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧❧② ✉♣❞❛t❡ t❤❡ ♥❡✇s st♦r✐❡s ❛♥❞ st♦❝❦ q✉♦t❡s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t ♣❛❣❡ ❢♦r ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r✱ ❛♥❞ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍❚❚P ❆❝t✐✈❡❳ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ✐♥ ■♥t❡r♥❡t ❊①♣❧♦r❡r ✺ ❆❞♦♣t❡❞ ❜② ▼♦③✐❧❧❛✱ ❙❛❢❛r✐✱ ❖♣❡r❛ ❛♥❞ ♦t❤❡r ❜r♦✇s❡rs ❛s t❤❡ ❳▼▲❍tt♣❘❡q✉❡st ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ♦❜❥❡❝t✳ ❆❏❆❳ st✐❧❧ ♦❜s❝✉r❡ ✉♥t✐❧ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❲❡❜ ❆❝❝❡ss ✭✷✵✵✵✮ ❛♥❞ ❖❞❞♣♦st ✭✷✵✵✷✮✱ ●♦♦❣❧❡✬s ❝r♦ss ❜r♦✇s❡r ❆❥❛① ✇✐t❤ ●♠❛✐❧ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ❛♥❞ ●♦♦❣❧❡ ▼❛♣s ✭✷✵✵✺✮✳ ❲❤❛t✬s t❤❡ ❜✐❣ ❞❡❛❧❄

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✺ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 19

❙❝❡♥❡ ■✿ ▼❛❝ ❛♥❞ P❈ ❞✐♥❡ ❛t ✏❙♥❛✐❧❙❝❛♣❡✑

❆❝t♦rs✴❆❝tr❡ss❡s✿ ❈❧✐❡♥ts✿ ▼❛❝ ✫ P❈ ❙❡r✈❡r✿ ❚❤❡ ▲❛st ❆♣❛❝❤❡ ❈♦♦❦✿ ▼✐❦❡❙◗▲

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SLIDE 20
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SLIDE 21

❲❤❛t✬s ❆❏❆❳❄

❆❏❆❳✿ ❆s②♥❝❤r♦♥♦✉s ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ❆♥❞ ❳▼▲ ❲✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛ ♣❛❣❡ ❲✸❙❝❤♦♦❧s t✉t♦r✐❛❧ ❲❤② ❛s②♥❝❄ ❉♦❡s♥✬t ♠❛❦❡ ②♦✉ ✇❛✐t✱ ❤❛♣♣❡♥s ✐♥ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✽ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 22

❲❤❛t✬s ❆❏❆❳❄

❆❏❆❳✿ ❆s②♥❝❤r♦♥♦✉s ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ❆♥❞ ❳▼▲ ❲✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛ ♣❛❣❡ ❲✸❙❝❤♦♦❧s t✉t♦r✐❛❧ ❲❤② ❛s②♥❝❄ ❉♦❡s♥✬t ♠❛❦❡ ②♦✉ ✇❛✐t✱ ❤❛♣♣❡♥s ✐♥ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✽ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 23

❲❤❛t✬s ❆❏❆❳❄

❆❏❆❳✿ ❆s②♥❝❤r♦♥♦✉s ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ❆♥❞ ❳▼▲ ❲✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛ ♣❛❣❡ ❲✸❙❝❤♦♦❧s t✉t♦r✐❛❧ ❲❤② ❛s②♥❝❄ ❉♦❡s♥✬t ♠❛❦❡ ②♦✉ ✇❛✐t✱ ❤❛♣♣❡♥s ✐♥ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✽ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 24

AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript + XML)

  • Uses browser’s XML support: DOM, XSLT
  • XMLHttpRequest
  • Google Maps is best-known AJAX application

4 Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

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SLIDE 25

AJAX Design Principles

  • The browser hosts an application, not content

– Application code delivered to browser, mostly as JavaScript code

  • The server delivers data, not content

– Data may be plain text, JavaScript fragments, or XML documents

5

– Data may be plain text, JavaScript fragments, or XML documents

  • User/application interaction is continuous and fluid

– UI metaphors like drag-and-drop become possible

  • This is real coding and requires discipline

– Significant developer responsibility to manage conversational state over entire web transaction

Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

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SLIDE 26

Basic AJAX process

6 Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

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SLIDE 27

❘❡♠❡♠❜❡r t❤❡ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t ♦❜❥❡❝t ♠♦❞❡❧ ✭❉❖▼✮

▼♦st ❝♦♠♠♦♥❧② ✉s❡❞✿

◮ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t✳✇r✐t❡✭✮ ◮ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t✳❣❡t❊❧❡♠❡♥t❇②■❞✭✮

❲✸❙❝❤♦♦❧s ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ❍❚▼▲ ❉❖▼ t✉t♦r✐❛❧ ❙♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ❛❧❧ ❦♥♦✇♥ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✿ ▼♦③✐❧❧❛ ❉❡✈❡❧♦♣❡r ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❉❖▼ ♣❛❣❡✱ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡s✿

◮ ❉❖▼ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t✮ ❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✾ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 28

Review: Changing a Div Content

  • JavaScript method document.getElementById ("xyz")

var content = document.getElementById ("h01"); alert(content.data); alert(content.innerHTML);

  • How to modify a div?

var content = document.getElementById ("div01"); Almost equivalent, innerHTML preferred var content = document.getElementById ("div01"); var newText=prompt("What do you want to change?"); content.innerHTML = newText;

4/5/2012 2 <html> ... <body> <h1 id="h01">An HTML Document</h1> <div id="div01">We can change this, yes we can! </div> <div id="div02">We can change this one too! </div> </body> </html>

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SLIDE 29

Object Variables

  • Variables can be assigned a object value
  • Methods and attributes of the object are now

accessible through the variable.

  • Any changes to a variable's attributes will be
  • Any changes to a variable's attributes will be

reflected in the original object

  • Example:

var content = document.getElementById ("div01"); content.innerHTML="Ha ha!";

4/5/2012 3

<html> ... <body> <h1 id="h01">An HTML Document</h1> <div id="div01">We can change this, yes we can! </div> <div id="div02">We can change this one too! </div> </body> </html>

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SLIDE 30

❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❆❏❆❳

❲✸❙❝❤♦♦❧s✳❝♦♠ ❆❏❆❳ t✉t♦r✐❛❧ ❧✐✈❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ✭②♦✉ ❝❛♥ ❡❞✐t ❛♥❞ r✉♥ t❤❡♠✦✮✿ ❋✐rst ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ❙✉❣❣❡st✐♦♥ ❉❛t❛❜❛s❡ ❙②♥❝ ✈s✳ ❆s②♥❝ ✭❛❧❧ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✵ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 31

❳▼▲❄ ❚❤❛t✬s ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❧❛♠❡✱ ❤♦✇ ❛❜♦✉t ❏❙❖◆❄

◆❡❡❞ t♦ ♣❛rs❡ ❳▼▲❄ ■s♥✬t t❤❡r❡ ❛♥ ❡❛s✐❡r ✇❛②❄ ❨❡s✿ ❏❙❖◆✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s ✐t❄ ❏❙❖◆✿ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ❖❜❥❡❝t ◆♦t❛t✐♦♥ ✭❲✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✮ ❇❛s✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ✐t✬s ❏❙ ❝♦❞❡ ❘❡t✉r♥ t❡①t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❡r✈❡r t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❜② ❜r♦✇s❡r✦ ◆♦ ♣❛rs✐♥❣✦

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✶ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 32

❳▼▲❄ ❚❤❛t✬s ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❧❛♠❡✱ ❤♦✇ ❛❜♦✉t ❏❙❖◆❄

◆❡❡❞ t♦ ♣❛rs❡ ❳▼▲❄ ■s♥✬t t❤❡r❡ ❛♥ ❡❛s✐❡r ✇❛②❄ ❨❡s✿ ❏❙❖◆✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s ✐t❄ ❏❙❖◆✿ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ❖❜❥❡❝t ◆♦t❛t✐♦♥ ✭❲✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✮ ❇❛s✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ✐t✬s ❏❙ ❝♦❞❡ ❘❡t✉r♥ t❡①t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❡r✈❡r t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❜② ❜r♦✇s❡r✦ ◆♦ ♣❛rs✐♥❣✦

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✶ ✴ ✶✻

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SLIDE 33

❳▼▲❄ ❚❤❛t✬s ❦✐♥❞ ♦❢ ❧❛♠❡✱ ❤♦✇ ❛❜♦✉t ❏❙❖◆❄

◆❡❡❞ t♦ ♣❛rs❡ ❳▼▲❄ ■s♥✬t t❤❡r❡ ❛♥ ❡❛s✐❡r ✇❛②❄ ❨❡s✿ ❏❙❖◆✳ ❲❤❛t ✐s ✐t❄ ❏❙❖◆✿ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t ❖❜❥❡❝t ◆♦t❛t✐♦♥ ✭❲✐❦✐♣❡❞✐❛✮ ❇❛s✐❝❛❧❧②✱ ✐t✬s ❏❙ ❝♦❞❡ ❘❡t✉r♥ t❡①t ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s❡r✈❡r t❤❛t ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❞✐r❡❝t❧② ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❜② ❜r♦✇s❡r✦ ◆♦ ♣❛rs✐♥❣✦

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✶ ✴ ✶✻

slide-34
SLIDE 34

JSON in Ajax

  • HTML Delivery.
  • JSON data is built into the page.

– <html>...

7

– <html>... – <script> – var data = { ... JSONdata ... };

Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

slide-35
SLIDE 35

JSON in Ajax

  • XMLHttpRequest

– Obtain responseText – Parse the responseText

8

  • responseData = eval(
  • '(' + responseText + ')');
  • responseData =
  • responseText.parseJSON();

Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

slide-36
SLIDE 36

JSON in Ajax

  • Secret <iframe>
  • Request data using form.submit to the <iframe>

target.

  • The server sends the JSON text embedded in a script in a

document.

9

document.

– <html><head><script> – document.domain = 'penzance.com'; – parent.deliver({ ... JSONtext ... }); – </script></head></html>

  • The function deliver is passed the value.

Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

slide-37
SLIDE 37

JSON in Ajax

  • Dynamic script tag hack.
  • Create a script node. The src url makes the

request.

  • The server sends the JSON text embedded in a

script.

10

script.

– deliver({ ... JSONtext ... });

  • The function deliver is passed the value.
  • The dynamic script tag hack is insecure.

Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

slide-38
SLIDE 38

JSONRequest

  • A new facility.
  • Two way data interchange between any page

and any server.

  • Exempt from the Same Origin Policy.

11

  • Exempt from the Same Origin Policy.
  • Campaign to make a standard feature of all

browsers.

http://www.JSON.org/JSONRequest.html

Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Yahoo Web Service with JSON

  • Tutorial/Howto:

– http://developer.yahoo.com/common/json.html

  • Can use nice interface widgets:

http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/index.html http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/examples/datatable/dt_xhrjson.html

12 Agichtein for Emory CS171, Spring 2008

slide-40
SLIDE 40

❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❆❏❆❳ t♦ ❜❧❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ✢♦♦rs✱ ❜✉t ♥♦✇ ■ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❛ s❤♦✇❡r✳ ❉♦ ②♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❙❖❆P❄

❊♥♦✉❣❤ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ st✉♣✐❞ ❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞ ❝❧❡❛♥❡r ❛❝r♦♥②♠s✦ ❈❛❧❧✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s r❡♠♦t❡❧②✿ ❙❖❆P✿ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ❖❜❥❡❝t ❆❝❝❡ss Pr♦t♦❝♦❧ ❳▼▲✲❘P❈✿ ❘❡♠♦t❡ Pr♦❝❡❞✉r❡ ❈❛❧❧ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❳▼▲ ❏❙❖◆✲❘P❈✿ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ ❳▼▲ ✇✐t❤ ❏❙❖◆ ✭♠✉❝❤ s✐♠♣❧❡r✦✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❏❙❖◆✲❘P❈ ✷✳✵ r❡q✉❡st ❛♥❞ r❡s♣♦♥s❡✿ ✲✲❃ ④✧❥s♦♥r♣❝✧✿ ✧✷✳✵✧✱ ✧♠❡t❤♦❞✧✿ ✧s✉❜tr❛❝t✧✱ ✧♣❛r❛♠s✧✿ ❬✹✷✱ ✷✸❪✱ ✧✐❞✧✿ ✶⑥ ❁✲✲ ④✧❥s♦♥r♣❝✧✿ ✧✷✳✵✧✱ ✧r❡s✉❧t✧✿ ✶✾✱ ✧✐❞✧✿ ✶⑥

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✷ ✴ ✶✻

slide-41
SLIDE 41

❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❆❏❆❳ t♦ ❜❧❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ✢♦♦rs✱ ❜✉t ♥♦✇ ■ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❛ s❤♦✇❡r✳ ❉♦ ②♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❙❖❆P❄

❊♥♦✉❣❤ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ st✉♣✐❞ ❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞ ❝❧❡❛♥❡r ❛❝r♦♥②♠s✦ ❈❛❧❧✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s r❡♠♦t❡❧②✿ ❙❖❆P✿ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ❖❜❥❡❝t ❆❝❝❡ss Pr♦t♦❝♦❧ ❳▼▲✲❘P❈✿ ❘❡♠♦t❡ Pr♦❝❡❞✉r❡ ❈❛❧❧ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❳▼▲ ❏❙❖◆✲❘P❈✿ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ ❳▼▲ ✇✐t❤ ❏❙❖◆ ✭♠✉❝❤ s✐♠♣❧❡r✦✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❏❙❖◆✲❘P❈ ✷✳✵ r❡q✉❡st ❛♥❞ r❡s♣♦♥s❡✿ ✲✲❃ ④✧❥s♦♥r♣❝✧✿ ✧✷✳✵✧✱ ✧♠❡t❤♦❞✧✿ ✧s✉❜tr❛❝t✧✱ ✧♣❛r❛♠s✧✿ ❬✹✷✱ ✷✸❪✱ ✧✐❞✧✿ ✶⑥ ❁✲✲ ④✧❥s♦♥r♣❝✧✿ ✧✷✳✵✧✱ ✧r❡s✉❧t✧✿ ✶✾✱ ✧✐❞✧✿ ✶⑥

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✷ ✴ ✶✻

slide-42
SLIDE 42

❲❡ ❤❛✈❡ ❆❏❆❳ t♦ ❜❧❡❛❝❤ t❤❡ ✢♦♦rs✱ ❜✉t ♥♦✇ ■ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ t❛❦❡ ❛ s❤♦✇❡r✳ ❉♦ ②♦✉ ❤❛✈❡ ❙❖❆P❄

❊♥♦✉❣❤ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ st✉♣✐❞ ❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞ ❝❧❡❛♥❡r ❛❝r♦♥②♠s✦ ❈❛❧❧✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s r❡♠♦t❡❧②✿ ❙❖❆P✿ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ❖❜❥❡❝t ❆❝❝❡ss Pr♦t♦❝♦❧ ❳▼▲✲❘P❈✿ ❘❡♠♦t❡ Pr♦❝❡❞✉r❡ ❈❛❧❧ t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❳▼▲ ❏❙❖◆✲❘P❈✿ ❘❡♣❧❛❝❡ ❳▼▲ ✇✐t❤ ❏❙❖◆ ✭♠✉❝❤ s✐♠♣❧❡r✦✮ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❏❙❖◆✲❘P❈ ✷✳✵ r❡q✉❡st ❛♥❞ r❡s♣♦♥s❡✿ ✲✲❃ ④✧❥s♦♥r♣❝✧✿ ✧✷✳✵✧✱ ✧♠❡t❤♦❞✧✿ ✧s✉❜tr❛❝t✧✱ ✧♣❛r❛♠s✧✿ ❬✹✷✱ ✷✸❪✱ ✧✐❞✧✿ ✶⑥ ❁✲✲ ④✧❥s♦♥r♣❝✧✿ ✧✷✳✵✧✱ ✧r❡s✉❧t✧✿ ✶✾✱ ✧✐❞✧✿ ✶⑥

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✷ ✴ ✶✻

slide-43
SLIDE 43

❆❏❆❳ ♠❛❞❡ s✐♠♣❧❡✿ t❤❡ ❥◗✉❡r② ✇❛②

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✸ ✴ ✶✻

slide-44
SLIDE 44

❲❡❜ ❍❛❝❦✐♥❣ ■■✿ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❝❛❧❧s✱ ❆❏❆❳✱ ❛♥❞ ❏❙❖◆

❊♠♦r② ❍❛❝❦❛t❤♦♥ ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦❡♥❞✦ ▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ t❤❡✐r ✇❡❜s✐t❡✳ ✿✮

❇r❡❛❦♣♦✐♥ts ❉❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣

▼❛❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❝❧✐❡♥t✲s✐❞❡ ❏❙ ❤❛❝❦s ♣❡r♠❛♥❡♥t✿ ❯❘▲✲tr✐❣❣❡r❡❞ ❜r♦✇s❡r s❝r✐♣ts ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ●r❡❛s❡▼♦♥❦❡②✱ ❯s❡r❙❝r✐♣ts✳♦r❣✱

  • r❡❛s❡❙♣♦t✱ ▼② ❇❧❛❝❦❇♦❛r❞ ❖♣t✐♠✐③❡r✮

▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦

❯❤❤✱ ✐t✬s ❤❛r❞

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✹ ✴ ✶✻

slide-45
SLIDE 45

❲❡❜ ❍❛❝❦✐♥❣ ■■✿ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❝❛❧❧s✱ ❆❏❆❳✱ ❛♥❞ ❏❙❖◆

❊♠♦r② ❍❛❝❦❛t❤♦♥ ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦❡♥❞✦ ▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ t❤❡✐r ✇❡❜s✐t❡✳ ✿✮

◮ ❇r❡❛❦♣♦✐♥ts ◮ ❉❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣

▼❛❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❝❧✐❡♥t✲s✐❞❡ ❏❙ ❤❛❝❦s ♣❡r♠❛♥❡♥t✿ ❯❘▲✲tr✐❣❣❡r❡❞ ❜r♦✇s❡r s❝r✐♣ts ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ●r❡❛s❡▼♦♥❦❡②✱ ❯s❡r❙❝r✐♣ts✳♦r❣✱

  • r❡❛s❡❙♣♦t✱ ▼② ❇❧❛❝❦❇♦❛r❞ ❖♣t✐♠✐③❡r✮

▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦

❯❤❤✱ ✐t✬s ❤❛r❞

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✹ ✴ ✶✻

slide-46
SLIDE 46

❲❡❜ ❍❛❝❦✐♥❣ ■■✿ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❝❛❧❧s✱ ❆❏❆❳✱ ❛♥❞ ❏❙❖◆

❊♠♦r② ❍❛❝❦❛t❤♦♥ ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦❡♥❞✦ ▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ t❤❡✐r ✇❡❜s✐t❡✳ ✿✮

◮ ❇r❡❛❦♣♦✐♥ts ◮ ❉❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣

▼❛❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❝❧✐❡♥t✲s✐❞❡ ❏❙ ❤❛❝❦s ♣❡r♠❛♥❡♥t✿ ❯❘▲✲tr✐❣❣❡r❡❞ ❜r♦✇s❡r s❝r✐♣ts ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ●r❡❛s❡▼♦♥❦❡②✱ ❯s❡r❙❝r✐♣ts✳♦r❣✱

  • r❡❛s❡❙♣♦t✱ ▼② ❇❧❛❝❦❇♦❛r❞ ❖♣t✐♠✐③❡r✮

▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦

❯❤❤✱ ✐t✬s ❤❛r❞

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✹ ✴ ✶✻

slide-47
SLIDE 47

❲❡❜ ❍❛❝❦✐♥❣ ■■✿ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❝❛❧❧s✱ ❆❏❆❳✱ ❛♥❞ ❏❙❖◆

❊♠♦r② ❍❛❝❦❛t❤♦♥ ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦❡♥❞✦ ▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ t❤❡✐r ✇❡❜s✐t❡✳ ✿✮

◮ ❇r❡❛❦♣♦✐♥ts ◮ ❉❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣

▼❛❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❝❧✐❡♥t✲s✐❞❡ ❏❙ ❤❛❝❦s ♣❡r♠❛♥❡♥t✿ ❯❘▲✲tr✐❣❣❡r❡❞ ❜r♦✇s❡r s❝r✐♣ts ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ●r❡❛s❡▼♦♥❦❡②✱ ❯s❡r❙❝r✐♣ts✳♦r❣✱

  • r❡❛s❡❙♣♦t✱ ▼② ❇❧❛❝❦❇♦❛r❞ ❖♣t✐♠✐③❡r✮

▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦

❯❤❤✱ ✐t✬s ❤❛r❞

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✹ ✴ ✶✻

slide-48
SLIDE 48

❲❡❜ ❍❛❝❦✐♥❣ ■■✿ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❝❛❧❧s✱ ❆❏❆❳✱ ❛♥❞ ❏❙❖◆

❊♠♦r② ❍❛❝❦❛t❤♦♥ ♥❡①t ✇❡❡❦❡♥❞✦ ▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ t❤❡✐r ✇❡❜s✐t❡✳ ✿✮

◮ ❇r❡❛❦♣♦✐♥ts ◮ ❉❡❜✉❣❣✐♥❣

▼❛❦❡ t❤♦s❡ ❝❧✐❡♥t✲s✐❞❡ ❏❙ ❤❛❝❦s ♣❡r♠❛♥❡♥t✿ ❯❘▲✲tr✐❣❣❡r❡❞ ❜r♦✇s❡r s❝r✐♣ts ✭❡✳❣✳✱ ●r❡❛s❡▼♦♥❦❡②✱ ❯s❡r❙❝r✐♣ts✳♦r❣✱

  • r❡❛s❡❙♣♦t✱ ▼② ❇❧❛❝❦❇♦❛r❞ ❖♣t✐♠✐③❡r✮

▲❡t✬s ❤❛❝❦ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦

◮ ❯❤❤✱ ✐t✬s ❤❛r❞ ❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✹ ✴ ✶✻

slide-49
SLIDE 49

❙t♦♣ t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✉s ❛❜♦✉t ✷✵✵✺✦ ❲❤❛t✬s ❤❛♣♣❡♥✐♥❣ ♥♦✇❄

r❡st❢❜✿ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦ ❆P■

◮ ❲❤② ✐s ✐t ❝❛❧❧❡❞ r❡st❢❜❄

❘❊❙❚✿ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ st❛t❡ tr❛♥s❢❡r

❝❧✐❡♥t✲s❡r✈❡r st❛t❡❧❡ss ❝❛❝❤❡❛❜❧❡ ❧❛②❡r❡❞

❲❤❛t ❡❧s❡ ✐s ❤❛♣♣❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t❄

❈♦♥✈❡rt✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♦t❤❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ♣②t❤♦♥✱ r✉❜②✱ ❡t❝

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✺ ✴ ✶✻

slide-50
SLIDE 50

❙t♦♣ t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✉s ❛❜♦✉t ✷✵✵✺✦ ❲❤❛t✬s ❤❛♣♣❡♥✐♥❣ ♥♦✇❄

r❡st❢❜✿ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦ ❆P■

◮ ❲❤② ✐s ✐t ❝❛❧❧❡❞ r❡st❢❜❄

❘❊❙❚✿ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ st❛t❡ tr❛♥s❢❡r

◮ ❝❧✐❡♥t✲s❡r✈❡r ◮ st❛t❡❧❡ss ◮ ❝❛❝❤❡❛❜❧❡ ◮ ❧❛②❡r❡❞

❲❤❛t ❡❧s❡ ✐s ❤❛♣♣❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t❄

❈♦♥✈❡rt✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♦t❤❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ♣②t❤♦♥✱ r✉❜②✱ ❡t❝

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✺ ✴ ✶✻

slide-51
SLIDE 51

❙t♦♣ t❡❧❧✐♥❣ ✉s ❛❜♦✉t ✷✵✵✺✦ ❲❤❛t✬s ❤❛♣♣❡♥✐♥❣ ♥♦✇❄

r❡st❢❜✿ ❋❛❝❡❜♦♦❦ ❆P■

◮ ❲❤② ✐s ✐t ❝❛❧❧❡❞ r❡st❢❜❄

❘❊❙❚✿ ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ st❛t❡ tr❛♥s❢❡r

◮ ❝❧✐❡♥t✲s❡r✈❡r ◮ st❛t❡❧❡ss ◮ ❝❛❝❤❡❛❜❧❡ ◮ ❧❛②❡r❡❞

❲❤❛t ❡❧s❡ ✐s ❤❛♣♣❡♥✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❏❛✈❛❙❝r✐♣t❄

◮ ❈♦♥✈❡rt✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ♦t❤❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ♣②t❤♦♥✱ r✉❜②✱ ❡t❝ ❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✺ ✴ ✶✻

slide-52
SLIDE 52

❯♣❝♦♠✐♥❣ ❡♣✐s♦❞❡

❚✉❡s❞❛②✿ ❚❡st✐♥❣ ❙❝r✉♠ ♥♦✇✦ ✭❞♦♥✬t ❢♦r❣❡t t♦ ✇r✐t❡ ❞♦✇♥ ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ♠✐♥✉t❡s✱ ✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ t❛s❦s ❛ss✐❣♥❡❞✮

❈❙ ✸✼✵✱ ●ü♥❛② ✭❊♠♦r②✮ ❆❏❆❳ ❙♣r✐♥❣ ✷✵✶✹ ✶✻ ✴ ✶✻