Regulatory requirements in international fish and seafood trade Dr - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Regulatory requirements in international fish and seafood trade Dr - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Regulatory requirements in international fish and seafood trade Dr Lahsen Ababouch, Chief Fish Utilization and Marketing Service Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Silver Spring, USA.

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Regulatory requirements in international fish and seafood trade

Dr Lahsen Ababouch, Chief Fish Utilization and Marketing Service Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

Silver Spring, USA. May 2008

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Million tonnes

Fisheries and aquaculture production (1951-2006)

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

Million tonnes

Capture (marine waters) Capture (inland waters) Total aquaculture

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World Fish Production

World

20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 1975 2006

Aquaculture Capture China

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 1975 2006

Aquaculture Capture World minus China

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 1975 2006

Aquaculture Capture

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State of the Resources

State of the world fish stocks in 2004 (FAO, 2004)

3% 20% 52% 17% 7% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Under exploited Moderately exploited Fully exploited Over exploited Depleted Recovering

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Contribution to food-fish supply

20 40 60 80 100 120 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 m illion tonnes 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%

Aquaculture Capture AQ share

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Fish exports (1976– 2005)

US $ billion

10 20 30 40

1976 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 2002 2004

year US$ billion

Developed count ries or areas Developing countries or areas

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Contribution of fish to human diet (2003)

22.0 18.7 10.0 9.8 7.7 6.7 19.4 15.5 5 10 15 20 25 Asia Africa Europe Oceania North and Central America South America LIFDC's WORLD

Fish as percentage of total animal protein intake

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Imports

Japan 18% USA 15% Others 7% Developing countries 18% EU (25) 40%

Exports

Japan 2% EU (25) 25% Others 20% USA 5% Developing countries 48%

World Fish Trade 2005 (by value)

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Commodity breakdown (Trade)

8% 19% 8% 4% 12% 3% 3% 1% 42%

Tuna Shrimp Salmon Pelagics Demersals Cephalopods Fishmeal Fish oil Others

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International regulatory Framework

Minimal Technical Obstacles

to trade

Liberalization of

trade

Maximal protection of

plant, animal and human health Issue: Issue:

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  • GATT (1948, Article XXII:b)
  • Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO, 1962)
  • TBT Agreement (GATT, Tokyo Round, 1974-1979)
  • Code of Conduct For responsible fisheries (FAO, 1994.

Article 11)

  • FAO COFI and its two sub committees
  • SPS/TBT Agreements (WTO, 1995)
  • ISO 9000:2000 (QMS) and 22000:2005 (FSMS)
  • International Principles for Responsible Shrimp Farming,

2006

  • FAO Guidelines on Eco-labeling for wild capture fisheries
  • FAO Guidelines for Aquaculture Certification

International regulatory Framework

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SPS/TBT Agreements

TBT measures can cover any subject

related to industrial goods, from car safety to energy –saving devices to food packaging

SPS cover health (human, animal

and plant) protection measures

The TBT Agreement covers all technical

requirements, voluntary standards and the procedures (Conformity assessment procedures) to ensure that these are met, except when these are SPS measures as defined by the SPS Agreement

SPS SPS vs. vs. TBT TBT

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SPS/TBT Agreements General Principles

  • Sovereignty
  • Harmonization
  • Transparency
  • Equivalency
  • Scientific basis
  • Special and differential treatment
  • Technical Assistance
  • Consultation and dispute settlement
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  • Establishment, Recognition and Application of

Common SPS Measures by Members

  • Members shall base their measures on those

developed by relevant international organizations (OI E, CAC, I PPC)

  • Measures which conform to international standards

are consistent with Agreement

  • Members are to fully participate in the work of

relevant international organizations

  • WTO to monitor progress of international

harmonization (SPS and TBT Committees)

Harmonization

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World Trade Organisation

CODEX

Guidelines,Standards Codes of Practice

SPS/TBT and Codex

National Regulations

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General Subject Committees

– General Principles (France) – Import/Export Inspection and Certification Systems (Australia) – Food Labeling (Canada) – Methods of Analysis & Sampling (Hungary) – Food Hygiene (USA) – Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food (USA) – Pesticide Residues (Netherlands) – Food Additives and Contaminants (Netherlands) – Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses (Germany)

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Active Commodity Committees

– Fats and Oils (U. K.) – – Fish and Fishery Products (Norway) Fish and Fishery Products (Norway) – Milk and Milk Products (New Zealand) – Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (Mexico) – Cocoa Products & Chocolate (Switzerland) – Natural Mineral Waters (Switzerland)

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Thank you

Lahsen Ababouch Chief, FIIU Fish products and Industry Division Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture The U.N Food and Agriculture Organization Via Delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy +390657054157 +390657055188 Lahsen.Ababouch@fao.org

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Outputs relevant to Aquaculture

  • Code of practice for food hygiene (GHP,

HACCP, Risk assessment)

  • Standards for fish and fishery products

(Volume 9A)

  • Code of practice for intensive aquaculture

(GAP, HACCP)

  • Several risk assessments (Vibrios in seafood,

biotoxins, antimicrobial resistance)

  • Several principles and guidelines for food

import and export inspection and certification

  • MRL for veterinary drugs
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  • Members shall accept other Member

measures as equivalent, if final results are the same ( achieve same ALOP)

  • Members shall consult to achieve

bilateral and multilateral agreements (Mutual Recognition Agreements)

Equivalence

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Scientifically based standards

  • SPS measures are to be based on the

assessment of risks to humans, animals or plants, using internationally accepted risk assessment techniques and taking into account the available scientific evidence

  • SPS measures should minimize negative

trade effects and arbitrary and unjustified measures should not be considered

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Risk Communication

(interactive exchange

  • f

information and ideas)

Risk Assessment (“scientific”)

  • hazards
  • exposure
  • dose-response
  • synthesis
  • uncertainty

Risk Management (“policy”)

  • social
  • cultural
  • economic

Process Initiation

The Risk Analysis Process

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FAO/WHO/IOC Expert Consultation on Biotoxins

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Background

  • During the discussion of

– the Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products and – the Proposed Draft Standard for Live and Raw Bivalve Molluscs, The CCFFP requested scientific advice on biotoxins to be addressed through an FAO/WHO/IOC Expert Consultaion to;

– Provide Scientific Advice for the Establishment of Safe Upper Limits; – Provide guidance on the application of different methods of analysis concerning each toxin group; – Monitoring and management of growing areas; – Geographic Distribution of the biotoxins

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Process

  • March 04: Planning Workshop in Dublin, Ireland
  • April 04 : Call for Experts and Data
  • May – Sep 04: electronic drafting group
  • Sep 04: Expert Consultation – Oslo, Norway
  • Feb 05- 27th CCFFP (Cape Town, South Africa):

– presentation of the report – Establishment of an inter-sessions working group to examine the EC report and prepare a discussion paper for the next CCFFP session

  • April 05- Updated draft scientific monographs
  • April 2006: Meeting of the ISWG (Ottawa, Canada)
  • September 2006: Presentation at the 28th Session of

CCFFP

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Certification in aquaculture

  • Harmonization
  • Equivalence
  • Transparency
  • science-based
  • Definition of boundaries between private

and public sectors. Who is responsible for what?

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Border cases in EU....

Europe non EU Africa Asia America Oceania Europe non EU Africa Asia America Oceania Europe non EU Africa Asia America Oceania Europe non EU Africa Asia America Oceania Europe non EU Africa Asia America Oceania Europe non EU Africa Asia America Oceania Europe non EU Africa Asia America Oceania 50 100 150 200 250 Number of Alerts Microbial Chemical Histamine Parasites Other Causes

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

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Chemical….

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005¹ Totals % Cadmium 12 7 5 12 58 33 31 158 16,8 Chloramphenicol 44 102 9 8 163 17,4 Carbon monoxide 1 3 6 19 28 2,9 DSP 2 4 2 1 2 2 13 1,4 Lead 3 1 1 1 6 0,6 Mercury 14 11 11 19 19 26 22 122 13 Nitrofuran 89 51 27 20 187 20 PAH 3 11 9 23 2,5 Phenol 1 1 0,1 Residues 1 1 10 12 2 1 27 2,8 Sulphite 2 7 8 31 31 79 8,4 Bacterial inhib. 21 2 4 3 30 3,2 Malachite Green 1 9 14 28 52 5,6 Histamine 4 8 1 3 4 19 7 46 4,9 Totals 32 32 68 279 186 173 165 935 100

1 figures to August 2005

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Thank you