RESIDENTIAL DISTRIBUTION GRIDS MARTIJN SCHOOT UITERKAMP, MSC. ABOUT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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RESIDENTIAL DISTRIBUTION GRIDS MARTIJN SCHOOT UITERKAMP, MSC. ABOUT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 18, 2024 122 likes •330 views

SMART CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN RESIDENTIAL DISTRIBUTION GRIDS MARTIJN SCHOOT UITERKAMP, MSC. ABOUT ME BSc, MSc Applied Mathematics at University of Twente 2016: MSc thesis on robust charging of electric vehicles (EVs) Now:

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SMART CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN RESIDENTIAL DISTRIBUTION GRIDS

MARTIJN SCHOOT UITERKAMP, MSC.

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  • BSc, MSc Applied Mathematics at

University of Twente

  • 2016: MSc thesis on robust charging
  • f electric vehicles (EVs)
  • Now: PhD student in “Energy group”

(collaboration between CAES and DMMP)

  • Area: optimization algorithms for

(devices within) smart grids

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ABOUT ME

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RESEARCH OF THE “ENERGY GROUP”

  • Development of

management and control strategies for smart grids

  • Multidisciplinary: people

with background in

  • Embedded Systems
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Mathematics
  • …
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  • Residential EV charging - a field test
  • Strategy for EV charging
  • Coordination of multiple EVs

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OUTLINE

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  • % of cars that

were EVs:

  • 2010: 0.05%
  • 2015: 2.0%
  • 2016: 2.6%
  • Political ambition:

to sell only emission-free cars from 2030

  • nward

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ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE NETHERLANDS

RAPID INCREASE

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  • Lochem: test site (“proeftuin”) for smart grid management approaches
  • Field test in 2015
  • Charge 20 EVs

during the evening

  • Measure stability
  • f network

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A FIELD TEST

SETTING

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  • After 30 min.: melted

fuse on phase 3 due to

  • verloading!
  • Outage for 5 minutes

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A FIELD TEST

WHAT HAPPENED?

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A FIELD TEST

LOAD UNBALANCE Figure 1 in “G. Hoogsteen et al.: 'Charging electric vehicles, baking pizzas, and melting a fuse in Lochem', CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017(1), p. 1629-1633” http://cired.net/publications/cired2017/pdfs/CIRED2017_0340_final.pdf

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  • Peak consumption
  • Consumption synchronization
  • Load unbalance

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A FIELD TEST

MAJOR PROBLEMS Conclusion: the current grid cannot accommodate large-scale EV charging without any control So what to do?

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STRATEGY FOR EV CHARGING

ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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  • When is an EV available for charging?
  • How much must be charged?
  • What is the consumption of other devices?

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STRATEGY FOR EV CHARGING

PREDICTION

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  • Using predictions: determine optimal charging schedule for EVs
  • Here, optimal means “as flat as possible”
  • Apply mathematical
  • ptimization algorithms

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STRATEGY FOR EV CHARGING

PLANNING

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STRATEGY FOR EV CHARGING

REAL-TIME CONTROL

  • What to do when predictions

turn out to be wrong / inaccurate?

  • Dealing with unexpected

behavior

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COORDINATION OF MULTIPLE EVS

DEVICE CONTROL STRUCTURE

Fleet controller

Device controller Device controller Device controller

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  • Centralized: all

EVs together

  • Decentralized:

separately per EV and use feedback loop

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COORDINATION OF MULTIPLE EVS

CENTRALIZED VS. DECENTRALIZED

Optimize Overall profile Optimize Optimize Input Overall profile Optimize Input 1 1 1 All

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  • Fleet controller sends “target profiles” to device controllers
  • Devices: match consumption with target as well as possible
  • Repeat to cancel out over / undershoot

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COORDINATION OF MULTIPLE EVS

PROFILE STEERING

Optimize Overall profile Optimize Optimize Input 1 1 1

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  • Multi-commodity smart grids (electricity + heat)
  • Implementations in the “real” world
  • Cost allocation
  • ... and more …

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OUTLOOK

ONGOING SMART GRID RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE

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  • Our research: https://www.utwente.nl/ctit/energy/
  • A recent (and accessible!) paper on the Lochem field test:
  • G. Hoogsteen et al.: 'Charging electric vehicles, baking pizzas, and melting a fuse

in Lochem', CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017(1), p. 1629-1633

  • Many possibilities for BSc and MSc assignments, also in cooperation with

companies

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MORE INFORMATION

(OR: SHAMELESS PROMOTION…)

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THANK YOU!

QUESTIONS?