Rethinking General-Purpose Decentralized Computing Enis Ceyhun Alp - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Rethinking General-Purpose Decentralized Computing Enis Ceyhun Alp - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 12, 2023 33 likes •443 views

Rethinking General-Purpose Decentralized Computing Enis Ceyhun Alp Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias, Georgia Fragkouli, Bryan Ford Decentralized and Distributed Systems Lab (DEDIS) HotOS XVII May 13, 2019 1 BLOCKCHAIN N I A H C K C O L

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Rethinking General-Purpose Decentralized Computing

Enis Ceyhun Alp Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias, Georgia Fragkouli, Bryan Ford Decentralized and Distributed Systems Lab (DEDIS)

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HotOS XVII May 13, 2019

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SLIDE 2

mama?

papa?

BLOCKCHAIN BLOCKCHAIN

BLOCKCHAIN

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B L O C K C H A I N

MORE BLOCKCHAIN

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SLIDE 3

mama?

papa?

BLOCKCHAIN BLOCKCHAIN

BLOCKCHAIN

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B L O C K C H A I N

MORE BLOCKCHAIN

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Smart contracts

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Ethereum

BUT…

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  • 2nd largest cryptocurrency
  • ~445M transactions processed
  • ~1.5M contracts deployed
  • “The world computer”
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What’s wrong?

  • Limited functionality

❖ No support for non-determinism ❖ Cannot securely operate on private data

  • Difficulty of system upgrades
  • Poor performance

❖ Every node runs every contract

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Running example: Betting application

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Running example: Betting application

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Running example: Betting application

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Query

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Running example: Betting application

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Response

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Running example: Betting application

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💕 🥴 🥴

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Challenges

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Hide predictions until release time Access to reliable real-world data Third-party oracle services Store data off-chain

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Upgrade for new functionalities Hide predictions until release time Access to reliable real-world data

Challenges

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Upgrade for new functionalities

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Hide predictions until release time Access to reliable real-world data Global hard forks

Challenges

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Consensus and code execution are tightly coupled

Monolithic architecture

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Modular architecture

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PROTEAN

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A modular architecture for general-purpose decentralized computing

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  • Distributed systems that provide distinct specialized

computations

  • Similar to microservices architecture in cloud computing

Functional units Idea: Functional separation of nodes into special-purpose modules

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Functional units

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State & Execution unit

Ethereum

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Functional units

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State unit Execution unit

PROTEAN

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Functional units

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State unit Execution unit

PROTEAN

Private-storage unit

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Functional units

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Oracle unit State unit Execution unit

PROTEAN

Private-storage unit

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Functional units

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Oracle unit State unit Execution unit Randomness unit

PROTEAN

Private-storage unit

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Functional units

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Oracle unit Private-storage unit Shuffler unit Encryption unit State unit Execution unit Randomness unit

PROTEAN

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Functional units

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Oracle unit Private-storage unit Shuffler unit Encryption unit State unit Execution unit Randomness unit

PROTEAN

OU1-v1 OU1-v2

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Functional units

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Oracle unit Private-storage unit Shuffler unit Encryption unit State unit Execution unit Randomness unit

PROTEAN

OU1-v1 OU1-v2 OU2-v1

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Functional units

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Oracle unit Private-storage unit Randomness unit Shuffler unit Encryption unit State unit Execution unit

Richer set of functionalities Permissionless evolution

PROTEAN

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Functional units

  • Expose a set of transactions

❖ Building blocks for decentralized applications ❖ Well-defined semantics and API ❖ Executed atomically by the unit

  • Provide cryptographic proof of successful execution

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Building applications

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State unit

Bet Reveal

Private-storage unit State unit Private-storage unit Oracle unit Execution unit

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Oracle unit Private-storage unit State unit Execution unit Private-storage unit State unit

Workflow

Building applications

Bet Reveal

store_secret update_state

  • racle_query

update_state get_secret execute

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Executing applications

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Reveal

Oracle unit State unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

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Executing applications

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Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

Reveal

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Executing applications

Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

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Executing applications

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Execution plan

Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

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Executing applications

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Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

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Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

Executing applications

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Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

Executing applications

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Executing applications

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Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

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Executing applications

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Inadvertently or maliciously deviate from the execution plan

Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

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Executing applications

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Inadvertently or maliciously deviate from the execution plan Collective witnessing

  • Collectively sign the execution plan
  • Check signatures from parents are

present

Compiler unit State unit Oracle unit Execution unit Private-storage unit

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Summary

  • PROTEAN: A modular architecture for building general-

purpose decentralized applications

  • Functional separation of nodes into special-purpose modules
  • Enables applications currently insecure/impossible in smart

contracts

  • Permissionless evolution: easy/modular addition of new

functionality

  • Opportunity for node specialization for efficient execution

enis.alp@epfl.ch

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