S. Mangiafico 1 , C. Sauzat 1 , H. Di Benedetto 1 , S. Pouget 2 , F. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Influence of a recycling agent of vegetable origin on complex modulus and fatigue performances of bituminous mixtures produced with RAP S. Mangiafico 1 , C. Sauzat 1 , H. Di Benedetto 1 , S. Pouget 2 , F. Olard 2 , L. Planque 3 1 Univ. Lyon,
1 Univ. Lyon, ENTPE, LTDS (CNRS UMR 5513) 2 EIFFAGE Travaux Publics 3 BP France – Service bitumes
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Bituminous mixtures produced with RAP reactivating aged RAP binder recuperate properties of aged binder helping binder blending ? reducing final mixture stiffness at fixed temperature? Rejuvenators Main literature findings:
microstructure of rejuvenated aged binder ≠ virgin binder
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13 mixtures 7 mixtures 20 mixtures 15/25 35/50 70/100 fresh binder pen grade RAP binder regular procedure with recycling agent
regular procedure 0% 20% 40% 60% 100% % RAP (by wt. of aggregates and RAP) 0% 18.7% 37.8% 57.0% 100% % RAP (by wt. of total mixture) Recycling agent content = 3.5% by weight
example: 35/50 example: 70/100 + 20% RAP
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Percent passing by weight [%] Sieve size [mm] 14-mm continuous RAP material
("Enrobé à Module Élevé", EME)
slabs
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complex modulus tests (2 samples)
(EN 12697-26:2012)
EIFFAGE Travaux Publics laboratory, Ciry-Salsogne
fatigue tests (18 samples) 10°C, 25 Hz (EN 12697-24:2012)
imposed sinusoidal displacement 56 mm 250 mm 25 mm
Two-point bending tests on trapezoidal samples
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3 4 5 6 7 8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 log N log e log e6 1/b 1 ε 1
Example of Wöhler curve for mixture 35/50
e e ε6 = 117 µm/m 1/b = -5.49
log N = a + 1 b log ε ε6 = 10b 6−a
parameter 1/b not treated in the rest of the presentation: for more details, please refer to the paper
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4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 |E*| (15°C, 10 Hz) [MPa] w/o agent with agent
+
2) Mixes with agent show approx. constant stiffness with increasing RAP content 1) Reduction of stiffness when recycling agent is used dosage depends on RAP binder content: the more RAP, the more agent
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples
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4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 |E*| (15°C, 10 Hz) [MPa] w/o agent with agent
+
2) Mixes with agent show approx. constant stiffness with increasing RAP content 1) Reduction of stiffness when recycling agent is used dosage depends on RAP binder content: the more RAP, the more agent
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 |E*|/|E*
0%| (15°C, 10 Hz) [-]
w/o agent with agent
+ x x x
normalized to 70/100 normalized to 35/50 normalized to 15/25
+average value obtained on two sets of samples
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples x same mixture: 100% RAP
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4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 |E*| (15°C, 10 Hz) [MPa] w/o agent with agent
+
2) Mixes with agent show approx. constant stiffness with increasing RAP content 1) Reduction of stiffness when recycling agent is used dosage depends on RAP binder content: the more RAP, the more agent
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 |E*|/|E*
0%| (15°C, 10 Hz) [-]
w/o agent with agent
+ x x x
normalized to 70/100 normalized to 35/50 normalized to 15/25
+average value obtained on two sets of samples
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples x same mixture: 100% RAP
0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% |E*
with agent|/|E* w/o agent|
(15°C, 10 Hz) [-] % RAP base bitumen: 15/25 base bitumen: 35/50 base bitumen: 70/100
≤ 40% RAP: influence of agent on |E*|(15°C, 10 Hz) not dependent on virgin binder 60% RAP: influence of agent
depending on virgin binder
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1) Higher variability than |E*| 2) Addition of agent helps fulfilling 130 µm/m requirement for EME mixtures 3) Increase of ε6 when recycling agent is used with high RAP contents (≥ 40%)
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 ε6 (10°C, 25 Hz) [µm/m] w/o agent with agent
+ +
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples
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1) Higher variability than |E*| 2) Addition of agent helps fulfilling 130 µm/m requirement for EME mixtures 3) Increase of ε6 when recycling agent is used with high RAP contents (≥ 40%)
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 ε6 (10°C, 25 Hz) [µm/m] w/o agent with agent
+ +
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 ε6/ε6 0% (10°C, 25 Hz) [-] w/o agent with agent
x
normalized to 70/100 normalized to 35/50 normalized to 15/25
+ + x x x
Addition of RAP (with or without agent) is almost always convenient in terms of ε6
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples x same mixture: 100% RAP
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1) Higher variability than |E*| 2) Addition of agent helps fulfilling 130 µm/m requirement for EME mixtures 3) Increase of ε6 when recycling agent is used with high RAP contents (≥ 40%)
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 ε6 (10°C, 25 Hz) [µm/m] w/o agent with agent
+ +
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 ε6/ε6 0% (10°C, 25 Hz) [-] w/o agent with agent
x
normalized to 70/100 normalized to 35/50 normalized to 15/25
+ + x x x
+ average value obtained on two sets of samples x same mixture: 100% RAP
0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% ε6 with agent/ε6 w/o agent (10°C, 25 Hz) [-] % RAP base bitumen: 15/25 base bitumen: 35/50 base bitumen: 70/100
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