Scald Injury Prevention Scald Injury Prevention Scald Safety Scald - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Scald Injury Prevention Scald Injury Prevention

Scald Safety

Scald Prevention Scald Prevention

Developed by:

American Burn Association

Burn Prevention Committee Developed by:

American Burn Association

Burn Prevention Committee Funded by:

United States Fire Administration/ Federal Emergency Management Agency

Funded by:

United States Fire Administration/ Federal Emergency Management Agency

Scald Safety

Fire and Burn Death and Injury Fire and Burn Death and Injury

Deaths

4,000 deaths a year from fire and burns

Injuries

25,000 hospitalized in burn centers 600,000 burn injuries treated in hospital EDs (Close to half of all burn injuries treated in hospital emergency departments and one­third of admissions to burn centers are scald injuries)

Deaths

4,000 deaths a year from fire and burns

Injuries

25,000 hospitalized in burn centers 600,000 burn injuries treated in hospital EDs (Close to half of all burn injuries treated in hospital emergency departments and one­third of admissions to burn centers are scald injuries)

(Sources: National Fire Protection Association, National Center for Health Statistics; American Burn Association, National Burn Repository, 2005) (Sources: National Fire Protection Association, National Center for Health Statistics; American Burn Association, National Burn Repository, 2005)

Scald Safety

What is a Scald Injury? What is a Scald Injury?

A scald injury occurs…

– When contact with hot liquid or steam damages

• ne or more layers of skin

A scald injury occurs…

– When contact with hot liquid or steam damages

• ne or more layers of skin

Scald Safety

Scald Prevention Topics Scald Prevention Topics

What are the main sources

• f scald injury?

Who are the most frequent victims? How can scald injury be prevented? What are the appropriate first­aid responses? What are the main sources

• f scald injury?

Who are the most frequent victims? How can scald injury be prevented? What are the appropriate first­aid responses?

Scald Safety

Frequent Scald Burn Sources Frequent Scald Burn Sources

Hot tap water Hot beverages Hot food Steam Hot tap water Hot beverages Hot food Steam

Scald Safety

Most Frequent Scald Injury Victims Most Frequent Scald Injury Victims

Young children Older adults People with disabilities Young children Older adults People with disabilities

Scald Safety

Young Children and Scald Injury Young Children and Scald Injury

60% of all scald injuries are to young children 60% of all scald injuries are to young children

Young Children (Ages 0­4) 60% All Other Ages 40% Young Children (Ages 0­4) 60% All Other Ages 40% All Other Burns 25% Scalds 75% All Other Burns 25% Scalds 75%

(Source: National Center for Health Statistics) (Source: National Center for Health Statistics)

75% of all burns to young children are scalds 75% of all burns 75% of all burns to young children to young children are scalds are scalds

Scald Safety

Young Children and Scald Injury Young Children and Scald Injury

• Curiosity, imitation
• Limited understanding
• f danger
• Limited ability to react

quickly to hot contact

• Thin skin = deeper burn
• Curiosity, imitation
• Limited understanding
• f danger
• Limited ability to react

quickly to hot contact

• Thin skin = deeper burn

Scald Safety

Older Adults and Scald Injury Older Adults and Scald Injury

Thin skin Reduced mobility, agility Reduced ability to feel heat, due to health conditions or medication Thin skin Reduced mobility, agility Reduced ability to feel heat, due to health conditions or medication

Scald Safety

People with Special Needs and Scald Injury People with Special Needs and Scald Injury

Sensory impairment Mobility or other physical impairment Diminished mental capacity Sensory impairment Mobility or other physical impairment Diminished mental capacity

Scald Safety

Common Sites of Scald Injury Common Sites of Scald Injury

Kitchen or dining area

­Spills while handling or moving hot foods and liquids,

• ften involving children

Bathing area ­Inability to remove self from hot water

Kitchen or dining area

­Spills while handling or moving hot foods and liquids,

• ften involving children

Bathing area ­Inability to remove self from hot water

Scald Safety

Scald Injury Severity Factors Scald Injury Severity Factors

Length of contact with hot substance Temperature of substance Nature of substance

– Is it thick or sticky? – Does it retain heat?

Extent of body area scalded Location of scald Length of contact with hot substance Temperature of substance Nature of substance

– Is it thick or sticky? – Does it retain heat?

Extent of body area scalded Location of scald

Scald Safety

Protecting Children From Scalds Protecting Children From Scalds

Household changes Everyday precautions Child supervision Household changes Everyday precautions Child supervision

Scald Safety

Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

Household modifications

Mark and explain a “kid­free zone” Put away tablecloths Use spill­resistant “travel mugs”

Household modifications

Mark and explain a “kid­free zone” Put away tablecloths Use spill­resistant “travel mugs”

Scald Safety

Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

Everyday preparations

Keep friends, relatives, and sitters informed Turn pan handles away from stove front Observe safe microwave oven practices Protect electric cooking appliances and cords

Everyday preparations

Keep friends, relatives, and sitters informed Turn pan handles away from stove front Observe safe microwave oven practices Protect electric cooking appliances and cords

Scald Safety

Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas

Scald­safe child supervision

Supervise young children at all times Encourage use of “kid­safe” zone Never hold a child in your arm: – While preparing or serving hot food – While drinking a hot beverage Keep hot food and liquids high and

• ut of the reach of young children

Scald­safe child supervision

Supervise young children at all times Encourage use of “kid­safe” zone Never hold a child in your arm: – While preparing or serving hot food – While drinking a hot beverage Keep hot food and liquids high and

• ut of the reach of young children

Scald Safety

Protecting Children and Adults from Scalds: Bathing Areas Protecting Children and Adults from Scalds: Bathing Areas

Household Modifications

Establish safe hot water temperature If this is not possible, install tempering valve or safe faucet and shower heads Install non­slip bath, shower mats Install grab bar in shower stall

Household Modifications

Establish safe hot water temperature If this is not possible, install tempering valve or safe faucet and shower heads Install non­slip bath, shower mats Install grab bar in shower stall

Scald Safety

Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature

Time and temperature relationship required to scald a healthy adult Time and temperature relationship required to scald a healthy adult

Safe Bathing Temperature 38° C 100° F 5 Minutes 5 Minutes 48 48° ° C C 120 120° ° F F 1 Minute 1 Minute 52 52° ° C C 127 127° ° F F 5 Seconds 5 Seconds 60 60° ° C C 140 140° ° F F 1 Second 1 Second 68 68° ° C C 155 155° ° F F

Scald Safety

Tap Water Scald Tap Water Scald

Scald Safety

Maximum Water Temperature Standards Maximum Water Temperature Standards

Recommended maximum residential standard 120°F (48°C)

(U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission)

Nursing homes and child care facilities 110°F (43°C)

(Recommended and by some state or local regulations)

Recommended maximum residential standard 120°F (48°C)

(U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission)

Nursing homes and child care facilities 110°F (43°C)

(Recommended and by some state or local regulations)

Scald Safety

Measuring Hot Water Temperature Measuring Hot Water Temperature

Run hot water up to two minutes at tap Test temperature with cooking thermometer Run hot water up to two minutes at tap Test temperature with cooking thermometer

Scald Safety

Establishing a Safe Hot Water Temperature Establishing a Safe Hot Water Temperature

If initial test temperature is above 120° F (48° C), lower heater thermostat setting Initial test temperature below 120°F/48°C may not prove safety is constant Retest several times until safe temperature setting is assured If initial test temperature is above 120° F (48° C), lower heater thermostat setting Initial test temperature below 120°F/48°C may not prove safety is constant Retest several times until safe temperature setting is assured

Scald Safety

Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Equipment Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Equipment

Direct (scald prevention) Tempering valve

– on water line

Anti­scald valves

– on shower heads and faucets

Direct (scald prevention) Tempering valve

– on water line

Anti­scald valves

– on shower heads and faucets

Scald Safety

Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Equipment Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Equipment

Indirect (fall prevention) Grab bars Non­slip mats in tub/shower, on floor Shower/bath seat Indirect (fall prevention) Grab bars Non­slip mats in tub/shower, on floor Shower/bath seat

Scald Safety

Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Precautions Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Precautions

For single control faucet, always turn on and off in the “cold” position For dual control faucet, always turn “cold” faucet

• n first, and off last

Make sure all household members and caregivers understand these controls For single control faucet, always turn on and off in the “cold” position For dual control faucet, always turn “cold” faucet

• n first, and off last

Make sure all household members and caregivers understand these controls

Scald Safety

Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Behaviors Bathroom Scald Prevention ­ Behaviors

Check water temperature before placing child in tub or shower Instruct carefully any older siblings who help bathe young children Young children should never be left alone in the tub Check water temperature before placing child in tub or shower Instruct carefully any older siblings who help bathe young children Young children should never be left alone in the tub

Scald Safety

Emergency Care of Scald Injury Emergency Care of Scald Injury

Remove scald victim from source Remove all affected clothing, diapers, shoes, etc. Cool scalded area briefly with cool water Cover with clean, dry covering Do not apply creams, salves or ointments Call 9­1­1 Remove scald victim from source Remove all affected clothing, diapers, shoes, etc. Cool scalded area briefly with cool water Cover with clean, dry covering Do not apply creams, salves or ointments Call 9­1­1

Scald Safety

Scald Prevention – Some Important Points Scald Prevention – Some Important Points

Limited mobility and thin skin increase risk and severity for the young and old Keep young children away when cooking,

• r when drinking hot beverages

Test hot water temperature and establish thermostat setting at or below 120°F/48°C Limited mobility and thin skin increase risk and severity for the young and old Keep young children away when cooking,

• r when drinking hot beverages

Test hot water temperature and establish thermostat setting at or below 120°F/48°C