SELF SE SELF SE SE SELF SE SELF LF-INJECTION LF LF - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SE SELF LF SE SELF LF-INJECTION INJECTION INJECTION INJECTION Tes est t Ex Expe perime riment nt Tes est t Ex Expe perime riment nt (SI (SITE) TE) (SI (SITE) TE) SE SELF LF SE SELF LF-INJECTION INJECTION INJECTION INJECTION Tes est t Ex Expe perime riment nt Tes est t Ex Expe perime riment nt (SI (SITE) TE) (SI (SITE) TE)

Leonida A. GIZZI

Istituto Nazionale di OTTICA INO - CNR, Pisa, Italy INFN, Pisa and LNF-Frascati, Italy

Leonida A. GIZZI

Istituto Nazionale di OTTICA INO - CNR, Pisa, Italy INFN, Pisa and LNF-Frascati, Italy

EuroNNAc2011

CONTENTS CONTENTS

• Scenario and motivations
• FLAME laser system
• Self-injection test experiment (S.I.T.E.)
• Plans and forward look
• Conclusions

EuroNNAc2011

U.O.S. INO-CNR

• Firenze, Polo Scientifico Sesto

Fiorentino

• Trento, “BEC centre”
• Pisa, “Adriano Gozzini”

Area della Ricerca CNR di Pisa

• Napoli, Area della Ricerca CNR di

Pozzuoli

• Lecce, Arnesano

FIRENZE Napoli Lecce Sesto F. Pisa Trento Milano Venezia

Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO)

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPTICS

EuroNNAc2011

The Intense Laser Irrad. Lab @ INO The Intense Laser Irrad. Lab @ INO-Pisa Pisa The Intense Laser Irrad. Lab @ INO The Intense Laser Irrad. Lab @ INO-Pisa Pisa

PEOPLE OPLE PEOPLE OPLE

• Antonio

io Giulietti i (CNR) Antonio io Giulietti i (CNR) – Head of INO Head of INO-Pisa isa Pisa isa

• Danilo

lo GIULIETTI I (Univ. . Pisa, CNR)* Danilo lo GIULIETTI I (Univ. . Pisa, CNR)*

• Leonid

ida A. GIZZI (CNR)* * Leonid ida A. GIZZI (CNR)* *

• Luca LABATE (CNR)*

Luca LABATE (CNR)*

• Petra KOEST

STER ER (CNR & Univ. of Pisa)* Petra KOEST STER ER (CNR & Univ. of Pisa)*

• Giancarlo

lo BUSSOL OLIN INO O (CNR) Giancarlo lo BUSSOL OLIN INO O (CNR)

• Gabri

riele le CRISTOF OFORETTI ORETTI (CNR) Gabri riele le CRISTOF OFORETTI ORETTI (CNR)

• Moreno VASELLI

I (CNR Moreno VASELLI I (CNR-Ass Associa iato)* Ass Associa iato)*

• Walter

r BALDESCHI CHI (CNR) Walter r BALDESCHI CHI (CNR) – Tech. Tech.

• Antonella

lla ROSSI I (CNR) Antonella lla ROSSI I (CNR) – Tech. Tech.

• Tadzi

zio LEVATO O (LNF Tadzi zio LEVATO O (LNF-INF NFN), , Ass. INF NFN), , Ass.

• Naveen PATHAK

HAK (UNIPI & CNR), PhD Naveen PATHAK HAK (UNIPI & CNR), PhD * Also at INFN * Also at INFN

CNR CNR - DIPARTIMENTO MATERIALI E DISPOSITIVI (Dir. M. Inguscio) DIPARTIMENTO MATERIALI E DISPOSITIVI (Dir. M. Inguscio) Progetto: OPTICS, PHOTONICS AND PLASMAS (Resp. S. De Silvestri) Progetto: OPTICS, PHOTONICS AND PLASMAS (Resp. S. De Silvestri)

Unit (Commessa): HIGH FIELD PHOTONICS (Head: Leo A. Gizzi) Unit (Commessa): HIGH FIELD PHOTONICS (Head: Leo A. Gizzi)

• High field photonics for the generation of ultrashort radiation pulses and

high energy particles;

• Development of broadband laser amplifiers for stategic studies on Inertial

Confinement Fusion;

The Laboratory The compressor The 3TW laser View of Lungarni Marina di Pisa Chiesa della Spina

http://ilil.ino.it

EuroNNAc2011

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

 “Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie” (IFN, Milano-Padova)  “Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO, Firenze-Pisa)

CNR: Italian Research Network “Extreme Light Infrastructure” ELI-Italy

Aims

 Forefront research on lasers and photonics  Link to pan-european research infrastructures (ELI)  Training of qualified personnel on lasers and photonics  Technology transfer to high tech SME (national and international)

EuroNNAc2011

ELI-Italy - Research Topics

 High energy radiation and particles

 Optimization of electron laser driven accelerator  -ray source by laser accelerated electrons  Radiotherapy applications

 Attosecond science and applications

 Schemes for attosecond pulse generation in XUV  Diagnostics for attosecond pulse characterization  XUV beam lines for attosecond spectroscopy of atoms and molecules

 Frequency combs

 Frequency comb from Near-IR to IR  Spectral purity and tunability of laser sources locked to the combs  Solid state and fiber amplifiers of frequency combs

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OUR PLANS FOR LPA OUR PLANS FOR LPA

Pursue LPA in the medium term to a) establishing LPA for future high energy accelerators (collaboration with INFN – PLASMONX project);

• Injector-like approach: seek conditions for compact, “all-optical”

ultra-high gradient, multi-GeV, 10 Hz accelerator under controlled laser- plasma interaction conditions;

• Implement plasma schemes (ext. inj., comb.) to enhance existing

conventional accelerators; b) bio-medical (industrial) applications of table-top configurations (@CNR installation in Pisa);

• Explore the physics of LPA at TW level and 10s of MeVs and find
• ptimum conditions for efficient acceleration with long term operation

and stable averaged output applicable to therapy (e.g. IORT).

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PLASMONX PROJECT LOCATIONS

Exp. Theo.

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LINAC AND LASER AREA AT LNF LINAC AND LASER AREA AT LNF-FRASCATI FRASCATI

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LINAC LINAC - LASER AREA AT LNF LASER AREA AT LNF-FRASCATI FRASCATI A dedicated area for LINAC and LASER combined operations

FLAME beam e--beam

SPARC C bunker Previo iously usly ex existi ting

LWA A with self lf- injec ection tion + Thomson Scattering LWFA with external rnal inject ection ion + Thomson scattering; COMB

FLAME lab Newly ly establis lished FLAME Target area

Following talks by Luca SERAFINI and Massimo FERRARIO Following talks by Luca SERAFINI and Massimo FERRARIO

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SPARC LINAC at LNF

14.5 m 1.5m 11º 10.0 m 5.4 m quadrupole les dipoles Diagnostic ic 1-6 Undula lator r modules Photoin inje jector solenoid id RF sections RF deflector collim imator 25º 25º

LASER LASER Acceleration with external injection

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FLAME LASER LABORATORY FLAME LASER LABORATORY

STATUS OF COMMISSIONING STATUS OF COMMISSIONING

• LASER HARDWARE INSTALLATION COMPLETED
• TEST EXPERIMENT (SELF-INJECTION) STARTED < 50 TW
• AWAITING SAFETY AND RADIATION PROTECTION AUTHORIZ.

10 mrad October 2010 First LPA electrons

March 2007 Building construction starts

December 2010 LPA at >100 MeV level

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FLAME FLAME – A NEW LASER INSTALLATION A NEW LASER INSTALLATION

Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multi-disciplinary Experiments

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FLAME FLAME – A NEW LASER INSTALLATION A NEW LASER INSTALLATION

LASER TO LINAC

UNDERGROUND TARGET AREA (LASER ONLY)

Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multi-disciplinary Experiments

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FLAME LAB: OVERVIEW FLAME LAB: OVERVIEW

LAB INCLUDES LASER, RADIOPROTECTED TARGET AREA FOR LASER-TARGET EXPERIMENTS AND TRANSPORT OF LASER TO SPARC FOR LASER-LINAC OPERATION

LASER INSTALLATION TARGET AREA TRANSPORT TO SPARC

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FLAME TARGET AREA FLAME TARGET AREA

Main beam ( up to 250 TW) vacuum transport line

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FLAME TARGET AREA FLAME TARGET AREA

Compressor vacuum chamber Interaction vacuum chamber Main beam (>250 TW) Vacuum transport line Beam transport to sparc bunker Radiation protection walls

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FLAME TARGET AREA: SHIELDING FLAME TARGET AREA: SHIELDING

Interaction vacuum chamber Main beam (>250 TW) Vacuum transport line Radiation protection walls Off-axis parabola Electron spectrometer Main turning mirror Interaction point

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TAR ARGET GET CHA CHAMBE MBER R TAR ARGET GET CHA CHAMBE MBER R – TOP OP VIEW VIEW TOP OP VIEW VIEW

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ELECTRON SPECTROMETER

Finalita’: misura spettro energetico elettroni accelerati Energia massima:

• Primi test di prova con p ≈10 MeV, esperimenti a piena potenza possono

raggiungere l’energia di 10 GeV

• L’accelerazione di ioni prevede la produzione di protoni con T≈10Mev

Risoluzione: ≈1% su largo range Forma del fascio iniziale:

• Sorgente puntiforme con 1mrad dispersione angolare iniziale

Magnete rivelatore

Working principle

EXPECTED PERFORMANCE RELATIVE ERROR ON MOMENTUM

Il Prototipo

• R. Faccini et al., Multi-GeV electron spectrometer
• Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res, A 623, 704-708 (2010).

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• VERT. AND HORIZ. SHIELDING
• VERT. AND HORIZ. SHIELDING

10 Hz operation

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LASER: PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

• FLAME to operate a 250 TW, 10 Hz system
• Basic issues/challenges (project driven):
• Pulse contrast (>1010)
• Pulse duration (<30 fs)
• Performance stability to compare with LINAC
• Mechanical stability (< 2 µm at focal spot)
• …

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7J FLAME spectrum With mazzler Without mazzler

LASER BANDWIDTH CONTROL LASER BANDWIDTH CONTROL

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Efficiency of the vacuum compressor >70%

Periscope Big Grating Corner cube Little Grating

Output Input

PH53 PH51 PH52

Pulse duration with the test compressor Spider measurements

• natural duration < 55 fs
• corrected duration < 25 fs

LASER PULSE COMPRESSION

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LASER R PULSE CONTRA RAST T

Best pulse duration (<25 fs) (with Mazzler loop) “Natural” pulse duration (<55 fs)

• Contrast level@200mJ well within specs;
• ASE contrast at natural pulse duration compares with plasma mirror!

EuroNNAc2011

LASER BEAM QUALITY LASER BEAM QUALITY

Active spatial phase control technique can be used to correct moderate distortions; Sensors are used to measure intensity and phase map of the beam; Deformable mirrors are used to correct the measured wave front distortions in a close loop;

S.-W. Bahk et al., Optics Letters 29, 2837 (2004)

wavefront

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ADAPTIVE OPTICS AT FLAME ADAPTIVE OPTICS AT FLAME

FLAME will be equipped with mechanical deformable mirror

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ADAPTIVE OPTICS AT FLAME ADAPTIVE OPTICS AT FLAME

FLAME ADAPTIVE OPTICS WILL CORRECT AT 1% WAVELENGTH

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FINAL AMPLIFIER: FULL ENERGY

Final amplifier operational with all YAG pump lasers Pulse energy: 7.34 J (before compression) Pulse energy: 7.34 J (before compression)

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LASER AT TARGET CHAMBER CENTER LASER AT TARGET CHAMBER CENTER

Pointing stability at TCC Pointing stability at TCC

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Summary of performance (to date)

• Energy before compression @ 7.3 J
• Vacuum compressor transmission > 70%
• Pulse duration down to 23 fs
• ASE Contrast ratio: better than 2x109
• Pre-Pulse Contrast better than 108
• RMS Pulse Stability @ 0.8 %
• Pointing Stability (incl. path) < 2µrad
• Phase front correction needed – adaptive optics;
• Full power vacuum compression to be performed;

SUMMARY OF FLAME LASER

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SELF-INJECTION DESIGN*

*L. A. Gizzi et al., Laser-plasma acceleration with self-injection: A test experiment for the sub-PW FLAME laser system at LNF-Frascati, Il Nuovo Cimento C, 32, 433 (2009).

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FLAME TEST EXPERIMENT ON SELF-INJECTION

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SIMULAZIONI SELF-INJECTION

(DI C. BENEDETTI ET AL.,)

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ALADYN SIMULATIONS

(DI C. BENEDETTI ET AL.,)

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S.I.T.E. S.I.T.E. ACCELERATION GOAL ACCELERATION GOAL

Expected OUTPUT param. E = D Q = Bunch length = 1.8 µm Average current = 50 kA Beam divergence = 2.8 mrad Expected OUTPUT param. E = 900 MeV DE = 3.3 % Q = 0.6 nC Bunch length = 1.8 µm Average current = 50 kA Beam divergence = 2.8 mrad

INPUT parameters L n t I w INPUT parameters Lgasjet = 4 mm ne = 3 1018 W/cm3 t = 30 fs I0 = 5.2 1019 W/cm2 w0 = 16 µm

Keywords: Compactness, medium to high energy electrons Reliability (reproducibility and stability) Moderate to small energy spread

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SELF-INJECTION TEST EXPERIMENT: OPERATION PRESCRIPTIONS

• Test experiment carried out under supervision of

Radiation Safety Officer

• Laser power so far limited to 50 TW;
• Test on reliability of laser alignement procedures,
• peration and performance;
• Minimum set of experimental diagnostics to

establish key physical paramenters: laser propagation and focusing, target reliability, electron beam production and energy;

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40 mrad 40 mrad

Highly collimated electron bunches are generated along the laser propagation direction with Highly collimated electron bunches are generated along the laser propagation direction with high reproducibility. high reproducibility.

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40 mrad 40 mrad

Due to pointing instability Due to pointing instability/intensity distribution profile of the laser pulse sometimes less intensity distribution profile of the laser pulse sometimes less directional electron bunches were generated. directional electron bunches were generated.

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SAMPLE ENERGY SPECTRUM

Electrons at lanex screen Energy dispersion with a 0.9 T magnetic dipole

Pixel N.

Recent spectra acquired at 1 J laser energy on target and 35 fs: expected intensity at focus: 7E18 W/cm2

Lineout Energy of LPA electrons entering the multi 100 MeV range

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OVERALL POINTING STABILITY WITHIN 20 mrad OVERALL POINTING STABILITY WITHIN 20 mrad

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>50% shots with divergence better than 6 mrad >50% shots with divergence better than 6 mrad

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Charge in the bunch weakly dependant on overall (incl. uncollimated) charge Charge in the bunch weakly dependant on overall (incl. uncollimated) charge

40 mrad

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SELF-INJECTION TEST EXPERIMENT: PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS

• First test run at <50 TW laser power completed;
• Acceleration process established at >100 MeV level;
• Relatively stable production of collimated electron

bunches;

• At higher laser energies evidence of laser beam

break-out (with double bunch production!) at focal point due to phase front distortions; AO needed;

• Next test run at >50 TW awaiting authorization;

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FORWARD LOOK

Repetitive* and stable operation of SITE: > Control of laser stability Mechanical stability – concrete basement Thermal stability – stabilized clean room > Radiation protection for continuous operation; Underground target area with up to 1m top shield; Remote control of target area operations > Reliable continuous operation of gas target Continuous gas-jet target

* L. A. Gizzi et al., High repetition rate laser systems: targets, diagnostics and radiation protection AIP Conf.

• Proc. Vol. 1209, pp. 134-143 – 2010 doi:10.1063/1.3326308

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CONTINUOUS GAS-JET TARGET

• Target enhancement for long-term repetitive operation;
• M. De Cesare et al., NIM-B, 779-783, 2010

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FORWARD LOOK - APPLICATIONS

ALL-OPTICAL THOMSON SCATTERING SOURCE

• 0.8 J pulse driving the e-beam
• 4 J producing TS
• 12 μm FWHM at 7 1018W/cm2
• Q= 20 pC with a mean energy
• f about 32 MeV with energy

spread of 10% (rms)

• Long rms size σL = 0.27 μm, transverse

rms size σT = 0.47 μm transverse norm. emittance ε⊥ = 0.23 mm mrad Preliminary point design (mammography)*:

* P. Tomassini, et al., Proc. of the LPAW 2007, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. (2007) (L.A.Gizzi et al., Eur. Phys. J. ST, 175, 3–10 (2009)

• 1 fs-long X-ray pulse of mean energy 20 keV

energy spread of 25% rms

• total flux N = 4 107 photons/shot (i.e. 4

108photons/s @10 Hz)

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S.I.T.E. - ADDRESSING QUESTIONS 1/2

• Plans for development of facilities with schedule
• Complete FLAME commissioning at full laser power (2011)
• Develop hardware to enable double-beam (0°, 90°, 180°)

configuration (Staging, All-optical Thomson scattering …) (end 2012 – 2013)

• Establish repetitive (10Hz) operation (continuous gas-jet) – 2013
• 5 year perspective (level of approved support:

funded/proposed/idea)

• Complete SITE single beam 4 mm gas-jet, full laser energy to establish

acceleration performance and limitations - funded 12-24 months

• All-optical X-ray source development (Thomson) – proposals in

progress

• Staging for all-optical external injection - concept
• Laser development / replace front-end with OPCPA - exploratory

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S.I.T.E. - ADDRESSING QUESTIONS 2/2

• Motivation and objectives
• Establish reliable and stable operation of SITE as a platform for

selected applications; implement beam energy control;

• Acceleration goals (summary table)
• Stable and long term 10Hz operation of a high charge,>1GeV, < 3%

energy spread, <3mrad divergence

• Application goals
• All-optical Thomson scattering – final specifications t.b.d.
• Possibilities for open access
• Under discussion – endorsement expected also from EuroNNAc

networking

• Expectations for network
• Promote delivery of reliable LPA technology
• Embed laser technology development strategies.

EuroNNAc2011

• T. Levato, L. Labate, N. Pathak, F. Piastra, C.A.Cecchetti, D.Giulietti, L.A. Gizzi

ILIL-INO, CNR, Pisa, Italy, Sez. INFN, Pisa, Italy, LNF, INFN, Frascati, Italy, Dip. di Fisica, Univ. di Pisa, Italy,

• N. Drenska, R. Faccini, S. Martellotti, V. Lollo, P. Valente,
• Sez. INFN Roma-1, Roma, Italy, Dip. Fisica, Univ. La Sapienza, Roma, Italy,
• C. Benedetti

LOASIS Group, LBNL, Berkeley, USA

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HEAD OF COMMISSIONING Leonida A. GIZZI (CNR, INFN) TECHNICAL MANAGER Giampiero DI PIRRO (LNF) SUBSYSTEMS (Contact persons) Laser Installation Andrea GHIGO (LNF), Leonida A. GIZZI (CNR-INFN) Danilo GIULIETTI ((UNIPI, CNR, INFN-PI) Laser operations and control command Tadzio LEVATO(LNF) and Luca LABATE (CNR & INFN-PI) FLAME-SPARC interfaces – Laser, Optical, Electronics, Mechanics Giancarlo GATTI FLAME systems: clean room, water cooling and air conditioning Luigi PELLEGRINO(LNF, Servizio Impianti a Fluido della DT) Electricity network Ruggero RICCI (LNF, Servizio Impianti Elettrici della DT) Ethernet network Massimo PISTONI (LNF) FLAME software interfaces Elisabetta PACE (LNF) Beam Transport air+ vacuum - FLAME buildings Valerio LOLLO (LNF), Alberto CLOZZA (LNF, Servizio Vuoto della DA) & Andrea GAMUCCI (CNR & INFN-PI) SAFETY Sandro VESCOVI (LNF), Tadzio LEVATO (LNF), Carlo VICARIO(LNF) SAFETY (Radiation protection) Adolfo ESPOSITO (LNF) FLAME Target Area - laser beams (main and probe) control, focusing and diagnostics Luca LABATE (CNR & INFN-PI) FLAME Target Area - test experiments diagnostics and remote control Carlo A. CECCHETTI (LNF & IPCF-CNR Pisa) FLAME web site and outreach Leonida A. GIZZI & Luca LABATE Logistics Oreste CERAFOGLI (LNF, Servizio Edilizia della DT) Technical and Engineering support Luciano CACCIOTTI (LNF)

EuroNNAc2011

SUMMER SCHOOL ON LASER-PLASMA ACCELERATION

Varenna, Lago di Como, Italy