Shinsuke Satoh, F. Isoda, T. Sano, H. Hanado (NICT), T. Ushio (Tokyo - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Shinsuke Satoh, F. Isoda, T. Sano, H. Hanado (NICT), T. Ushio (Tokyo Metropolitan Univ), S. Otsuka and T. Miyoshi (RIKEN) 7 th International Symposium on Data Assimilation (ISDA2019) @RIKEN-CCS, Jan. 24, 2019 1 Introduction In recent years,
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Shinsuke Satoh, F. Isoda, T. Sano, H. Hanado (NICT),
7th International Symposium on Data Assimilation (ISDA2019) @RIKEN-CCS, Jan. 24, 2019
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Flash flood at Toga River in Kobe city (28 July 2008）
Tsukuba Tornado (6 May 2012)
・ In recent years, severe weather disasters caused by localized heavy rainfalls or tornadoes have occurred frequently in various parts of Japan. ・ We developed a X-band Phased Array Weather Radar (PAWR) to watch and predict the severe weather. The PAWR measures 3-dim fine structure of precipitation with 100 m range resolution and 100 elevation angles every 30 seconds. ・ The first PAWR was installed at Osaka University, Suita in 2012. The second and third PAWRs were install at NICT Kobe and NICT Okinawa in 2014, respectively.
Suita
in 2012
Kobe
in 2014
Okinawa
in 2014
MRI@
Tsukuba
in 2015
MP-PAWR
Saitama
in 2017
The observation area of MLIT C-band radar and X-band MP radar (small blue circles).
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3-dim. dense
every 30 sec.
3-dim measurement using a parabolic antenna (150 m, 15 EL angles in 5 min) 3-dim measurement using 128 slot-array antennas with fan-beam transmitting and DBF receiving. (100 m, 100 EL angles in 30 sec)
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Retrieve archived past data Google maps display Rainfall Summary
Real time display
（within 1 min of obs）
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30-second update nowcasting for 10 minutes started on July 3, 2017.
Otsuka et al. Wea. Forecast, 2016
Real-time demonstration of
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Free app. for Android and iPhone
http://pawr.life-ranger.jp
3D rainfall display (2nd year ver.) (3rd year ver.)
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blocked by topography clutter
2nd EL 7th EL
clutter map contour 20 dBZ
Ruiz et al. SOLA, 2015
Perform QC calculation and data transfer within 10 seconds for BDA and 3D nowcast
Data quality control (QC) such as clutter removal is essential in order to use PAWR observation data for data assimilation (BDA) and 3D-nowcasting. The Ruiz 's QC algorithm (SOLA, 2015) used for the BDA experiment requires calculation time of 40 seconds. However, it is necessary to develop a faster and general-purpose QC algorithm to perform real-time processing on the various observation data.
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Clutter echoes by ships
Add another data at 2016/12/01, 10:03:30 Airplane echo ＋RangeSL
Ground clutter echoes
Interference echoes
Ground clutter
Suita PAWR (fine weather) Kobe PAWR (fine weather)
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QC flag < 8 bit > [0]Valid data, [1]Shadow, [2]Clutter possible, [3]Clutter certain, [4]Noise, [5]RainAttn., [6]RangeSL, [7](Reserve)
l A new file of 1-byte QC flag data is provided in the same format of the same polar-coordinates as Ze and Vr data. (e.g. 20150808-160021.all_pawr_qcf.dat, kobe_20150808160000_A08_pawr_qcf.dat ) l The QC flag file will be created in NICT Koganei in real-time (within 10 sec.) < CONTENTS > [0] Valid data： if ( Ze > -327.68 & Vr > -327.68 ) then (1) [1] Shadow： if ( ASL(Dem) > beamHT using 4/3 equiv. earth radius) then (1) [2] Clutter possible (clutter map)： if (statistical Ze_PD > 20%) then (1) [3] Clutter certain： if (Ze_PD>20% & -1.5<Vr<1.5ms-1 & ZeText > 3.0) then (1) [4] Noise (Interference)： if (rng_num > 500 & Ze_std/Ze_avg < 0.5 ) then (1) [5] Rain attenuation： if (Ze_inetg > 50 dBZ & delta_Ze < -2 dB/km ) then (1) [6] Range Side Lobe：if (Ze > 40 dBZ & ZeText < 1.5 & ZrTextAz < 0.8) then (1) [7] (Reserve): future use (e.g. abnormal Vr., uncorrected aliased velocity)
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Ze QC flag Ze QC flag
Valid >1 Shadow >2 Clutter map >4 Clutter certain >8 Interference noise >16
2015/12/18,10:40:34 JST 2015/08/08,16:00:21JST
Convective Rain Interference Noise
(fine weather)
Ze QC flag
2015/07/17,08:30:19 JST
Stratiform Rain
determined by ZeStd/ZeAvg < 0.5
120 km 120 km
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EL=3.9
Ze
AZ=33.6
Ze
2016/08/14, 14:50:16
HEIGHT (km) RANGE (km)
2016/08/14, 14:50:16
False echoes at the forth and back of a strong echo
EL=3.9
QCF
AZ=33.6
QCF
HEIGHT (km) RANGE (km)
RangeSL flags are determined by ZeMax, ZeText, and ZeTextAZ 60 km
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00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 2018/07/05
800 600 400 200 5 4 3 2 1
2018/07/05
100 80 60 40 20 10 8 6 4 2
00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 JST 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 JST 2018/07/06 2018/07/06 2018/07/07 2018/07/07
Strong echoes are embedded in wide-spread stratiform rain
Rainfall summary for 3 days by Kobe PAWR Rainfall distributions observed by Kobe PAWR (CAPPI of 3 km in height)
2018/07/06 11:00 JST 2018/07/06 12:00 JST 2018/07/06 13:00 JST
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A B C D E F
(e)
(a) (b) (c) (d) A B C D E
DISTANCE from PAWR (km)
HEIGHT(km) HEIGHT(km)
DISTANCE from PAWR (km)
HEIGHT(km) HEIGHT(km) HEIGHT(km) HEIGHT(km) 2018/07/06 12:00 JST
Bright band (stratiform) convective convective convective ?
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DISTANCE from PAWR (km)
HEIGHT(km)
EL=1.0 12:00 JST 06Jul18
Original Ze QC flag QCed Ze
DISTANCE from PAWR (km)
HEIGHT(km)
A B A A A
12:00 JST 06Jul18 EL=1.0 12:00 JST 06Jul18
B B
Shadow >2 Clutter map >4 Clutter certain >8 Rain attenuation >32 Range sidelobe >64
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<< original without Interference Noise and Rng SL >> ## Input file: 20150717-083019.all. 10000000.dat, and .20000000.dat # Total make qc flag real time = 7.000 proc time = 7.890 # Input data read: real time = 0.000 proc time = 0.550 # Calc Ze_ave, rinteg: real time = 1.000 proc time = 0.500 # Calc Ze_texture: real time = 5.000 proc time = 5.250 # Make QC flag: real time = 1.000 proc time = 1.570 # Output QC flag: real time = 0.000 proc time = 0.020 << Single core CPU >> ## Input file: 2015-0717/20150717-083019.all. 10000000.dat, and .20000000.dat # Total create qc flag real time = 34.000 proc time = 34.410 # Input data read: real time = 0.000 proc time = 0.470 # Calc Ze_ave, rinteg: real time = 15.000 proc time = 14.820 # Calc Ze_texture: real time = 17.000 proc time = 17.160 # Judgement of QCF: real time = 2.000 proc time = 1.930 # Output QC flag: real time = 0.000 proc time = 0.030 << -O3 & -fopenmp & OMP_NUM_THREADS=8 >> MOP_NUM_THREADS= 8 ## Input file: 2015-0717/20150717-083019.all. 10000000.dat, and .20000000.dat # Total create qc flag real time = 9.000 proc time = 15.490 # Input data read: real time = 1.000 proc time = 0.470 # Calc Ze_ave, rinteg: real time = 1.000 proc time = 7.270 # Calc Ze_texture: real time = 5.000 proc time = 6.390 # Judgement of QCF: real time = 2.000 proc time = 1.330 # Output QC flag: real time = 0.000 proc time = 0.030
７ sec.
(single CORE)
Only clutter detection (v0.8) after 19 June Current operational ver (v1.1) after 15 Sep
34 sec.
(single CORE)
9 sec.
(4 CORE)
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Vr Ze Texture Ze QC flag
Valid >1 Shadow >2 Clutter map >4 Clutter certain >8
ms-1 dBZ dB
2015/07/17 08:30:19JST
PPI
(EL=1.0 deg)
120 km 120 km
1/n Σ [Ze(i,j)-Ze(i-1,j)] in 11 range x 5 az
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Vr Ze Texture Ze QC flag
ms-1 dBZ dB
PPI
(EL=1.0 deg)
2015/08/08 16:00:21JST
Valid >1 Shadow >2 Clutter map >4 Clutter certain >8
120 km 120 km
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Retrieve archived past data
24 hours
Google maps display
Monthly Rainfall Summary 7 days Daily Rainfall Summary
Aug 4 6
Area of Rain (Blue)
[ x 0.01 mm/hr ]
Jul.16 Jul.23 Jul.30 Aug.6
July 2017 5
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DISTANCE from PAWR (km)
A B
HEIGHT(km)
A
B
12:00 JST
bright band
convective stratiform
DISTANCE from PAWR (km) Valid >1, Shadow >2. Clutter map >4, Clutter certain >8 Rain attenuation >32, Range sidelobe >64
QC flag A B
HEIGHT(km)
vertical section of radar reflectivity (Z) Classification of rain type (conv/strat) is important for (1) real-time data QC (2) radar observation simulator
QC flag
Simulation in cyber-space Sensing in physical-space
larger droplets in convective cloud
Z=ΣD6
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conv_strong _isolated
AVG>3.0mm || AREA<=50% & MAX>50mm & AREA < 10%
2340
conv_strong _line
AVG>3.0mm || AREA<=50% & MAX>50mm
924
conv_strong _mass
AVG>3.0mm || AREA<=50% & MAX>50mm
900
conv_weak _isolated
AVG>3.0mm || AREA<=50% & MAX<=50mm & AREA < 10%
1593
conv_weak _line
AVG>3.0mm || AREA<=50% & MAX<=50mm
1974
conv_weak _mass
AVG>3.0mm || AREA<=50% & MAX<=50mm
4116
Strat_cover
AVG<=3.0mm & AREA>50%
683
Strat_embeded _line
AVG<=3.0mm & AREA>50% & MAX>50mm
150
Strat_embeded _mass
AVG<=3.0mm & AREA>50% & MAX>50mm
414
no_rain
AVG<0.6mm & MAX<10mm & AREA<5%
2871
Total 15965 echo images in Jun, Jul, Aug, 2016, 50 rainy days
1247
6 times the num of data by rotation strong convective rain weak convective rain stratiform rain
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