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Shouldnt teens How Do We Best Equip Police to still know Handle - - PDF document

Jan 11, 2024 374 likes •436 views

3/24/18 Shouldnt teens How Do We Best Equip Police to still know Handle Youth? RIGHT from A Developmental Approach to Policing WRONG?!? SURE...but thats not the whole story. How Do Gabriella Celeste We Best Equip mgc36@case.edu

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3/24/18 1 How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth? A Developmental Approach to Policing

Gabriella Celeste mgc36@case.edu Ohio Collaborative Community-Police Advisory Board March 26, 2018

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Shouldn’t teens still know RIGHT from WRONG?!?

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SURE...but that’s not the whole

  • story. How Do

We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

What We Mean by “Developmentally-Informed” Policies & Practices? “Youth” Matters…

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

Police-Youth Interactions “Culture Eats Policy for Lunch” or Why Standards Matter

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Clarity of expectations Consistency Accountability Legitimacy

Police-Child/Youth Encounters – What’s the Data Tells Us

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1 in 4

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Police-Child/Youth Encounters Potential for Harm...Ohio Stories

National ER Study: Over 3 years - 15,613 injuries from police interventions with kids under 17

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3/24/18 2

Police Chief and SRO Survey Findings (2013)

Expressed general lack of training or guidance beyond basic security and technical training on youth interactions. Common training gaps:

  • De-escalation techniques with kids
  • Dealing with trauma-related behaviors
  • Adolescent development & psychology
  • Securing respect and cooperation with youth
  • Behavioral precautions and protections

needed for youth with special needs

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

IACP Report 2014

Leadership should:

  • Train using

developmentally appropriate responses to youth

  • Develop response

protocols

  • Promote collaborations

HOW We Police Matters: Procedural Justice & Youth

UNFAIR/AGGRESSIVE STOPS & FRISKS > Stress/Anxiety > Trauma < Reporting < Cooperation > “Labeling Effect” > Likelihood of Future Offending

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Perception of being treated FAIRLY > LEGITIMACY of LE < CYNICISM of LE > Likelihood of Compliance with LE < Likelihood of Future Offending LEGAL SOCIALIZATION Police have unique

  • pportunity for positively

influencing lives of youth

HOW We Police Matters: Procedural Justice & Youth

Serious Youth Offenders: 4 Key Lessons (Pathways to Desistance - 1,354 youth over 7 yrs) BIGGEST TAKEAWAY: Most youth mature out of crime

  • Majority are not violent chronic offenders
  • Youth perceptions of Fairness of treatment

influences their future behavior

  • Risk of “over-programmed youth”

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(Loughran, T. et al, 2015)

“CEO” part of brain not fully developed until mid- 20s Understanding the Teen Brain & WHY It Matters for Police

“Use it or Lose it”

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

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3/24/18 3 “Hot” vs. “Cold” Cognition [the Teen Brain]

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  • Identity & Peer Dynamics
  • Competence Issues

Potential for False Confessions Developmental Implications: In the Presence of Peers & Stress How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth? “Equal Justice Under the Law” How US & Ohio Courts Rely on Teen Brain & Developmental Science to Inform Law

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16 year-old’s statement to police suppressed - even where Pablo signed a waiver & videotaped: “When the suspect is a juvenile, the totality of the circumstances includes "the juvenile's age, experience, education, background, and intelligence" as well as his "capacity to understand the warnings given him, the nature of his Fifth Amendment rights, and the consequences of waiving those rights.”...

Ohio v. Pablo (12/5/17), Ohio v. Barker (2016)

IACP Recommended Best Practices: Juveniles & Potential for False Confessions

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How to secure a “good” statement:

  • Child sensitive behavioral

analysis

  • Care with Miranda

warnings

  • Presence of Friendly Adult
  • Length of Questioning
  • Time of Questioning
  • Tactics to Avoid
  • Wrongful Convictions
  • Public Safety
  • Impact on Youth
  • Credibility of LE
  • Costs to City & Officers

How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

How do we Best Equip Police: Ways to Promote Fairness & Improve Youth- Police Interactions using Developmental Approach

  • Initial contact – In the Presence of Peers…
  • Modeling Authority & Dialing Back
  • Voice & Neutrality
  • Warn & Release
  • Miranda & Interrogation
  • Detention Diversion – Community Partnerships
  • Create regular opportunities for positive interaction
  • Involve youth in educating peers on the work of police

and the criminal justice system (i.e. JJJ)

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3/24/18 4 Police-Youth Encounters Context Matters

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

Understanding IMPLICIT bias?

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth? Age Matters Even More in the Context of Race: Implicit Bias & Implications for Policing Youth

Goff & Jackson (2014): Black boys as young as 10 not viewed as “innocent” as white peers. Due to implicit bias, Black boys are more likely to: – Be mistaken as older by 4 ½ yrs avg – Be perceived as guilty – Face police violence “Black boys seen as responsible for their actions at an age when white boys still benefit from the assumption that children are essentially innocent.”

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Navigating police is a “Developmental Milestone” for Black Children

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Police encounters “mark a premature exit from adolescence for black kids”

(Dr. Carla Shedd)

Youth Interaction Policies for Law Enforcement Agencies

  • Developmentally-

Appropriate

  • Trauma-Informed
  • Equitable
  • Adhere to best

practices & current laws

How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

Police Youth Interactions Elements of a Comprehensive Policy

  • Purpose & Definitions
  • Initial Contact with Youth & Diversion
  • Use of Force & De-Escalation
  • Arrest, Custody & Transportation
  • Miranda, Interviews & Interrogation of Youth
  • Special Circumstances & Special Youth Populations
  • Data Collection
  • Training

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

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3/24/18 5 Core SFY Police Training Components

  • Developmental Explanation of Normative Teen Behaviors
  • Lessons from Psychology & Psychiatry: Tactics for Working

with Compromised Teens

  • Legal Aspects of Police Involvement with Youth
  • Demographic Overview of Youth & Implications for Behavior
  • Cultural Issues Affecting Adult/Youth Interactions
  • Strategies for Asserting Authority & Getting Compliance

from Teens—Without Arrest or Use of Force

  • Recognizing and Addressing Implicit Bias
  • Developing & Using Community-Based Partnerships
  • Youth Engagement with Officers

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

Training Key Takeaways

  • 1. INITIAL interaction with youth

sets the tone

  • 2. HOW kids are treated sets the

course for future

  • 3. Kids are especially sensitive to

perceived FAIRNESS - need to feel heard

  • 3. DON’T take it personal
  • 5. DE-escalate, Communicate and

De-escalate

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How Do We Best Equip Police to Handle Youth?

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Growing consensus on Importance of Positive Police- Youth Interactions Strategies to Improve Police-Youth Encounters (post-Settlement Agreement in CLE)

Mental Health Response Advisory Committee

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