Status and Progress in PIMMS-Family Machines M. Pullia on behalf - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Status and Progress in PIMMS-Family Machines M. Pullia on behalf - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Status and Progress in PIMMS-Family Machines M. Pullia on behalf of CNAO and MedAustron accelerator groups Slow extraction workshop 2019 Fermilab July 22-24, 2019 www.cnao.it PIMMS Study hosted at CERN, 1995-1999 The Proton-Ion

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

  • M. Pullia
  • n behalf of CNAO and MedAustron accelerator groups

Status and Progress in PIMMS-Family Machines

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

PIMMS

  • Study hosted at CERN, 1995-1999
  • The Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS) was set up

following an agreement between Med-AUSTRON (Austria) and the TERA Foundation (Italy) to join their resources in the design of a medical synchrotron that could later be adapted to individual national needs. CERN agreed to host this collaboration inside its PS Division and to contribute to the

  • study. The group has worked in collaboration with GSI

(Germany) and was later joined by Onkologie 2000 (Czech Republic).

  • Designed keeping in mind that the facility would be operated in

a hospital environment

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Active systems

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Depth [cm] D

  • s

e [ r e l a t i v e u n i t s ]

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

CNAO and MedAustron

Treatments started in 2011 and 2017 respectively

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

CNAO and MedAustron: 2 implementations of PIMMS

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Sources

2 (3) Supernanogan ECR sources for fast particle change and stable Operation C4+ or H3

+ 8 keV/u

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

LINAC

Same RFQ+LINAC (GSI design) 400 keV/u RFQ 7 MeV/u LINAC

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Synchrotron

Same Synchrotron design (PIMMS) 60 -250 MeV protons 120-400 MeV/u carbon ions

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

HEBT

Different HEBT design Compact vs modular

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RF cavity Betatron Resonance sextupole D = D’ = 0 D = D’ ≠ 0

p inj p – 60 MeV p – 250 MeV C6+ inj C6+ – 120 MeV C6+- 400 MeV B(T m) 0.4 1.1 2.4 0.8 3.3 6.4

2 Superperiods 2 Closed dispersion bumps 1 Dipole Family 3 Quadrupole Families 3 Sextupole Families

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Treatment execution

Sync Extraction magnets Injection magnets 1 s Extracted beam 2-3 min

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Extraction setup at CNAO

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Hardt condition

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Betatron extraction

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Head and tail of extraction

p/p Amplitude (b)

Head Tail

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Momentum distribution driven into resonance by Betatron core

∑. En:62.4 MeV, 1st Harm histogram dp/p Schottky monitor Vert.

  • A. De Franco,
  • A. Goetz
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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Beam shaping with Schottky PU RF-KO with Schottky Pick-up Air core quadrupole Empty bucket channelling Betatron core Additional quad winding

Extraction features at CNAO

RF-KO with new exciter

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Betatron core  = 2.46 Wb Sensitivity to gap between halves Magnetic screen needed

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Empty bucket channelling

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Empty bucket

Amplitude

PHASE

Resonance region Resonance line for low betatron amplitudes Resonance line for high betatron amplitudes Sense of stack acceleration E

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

RF-Channeling spill smoothening

Spill time structure (50kHz)

En:62.4 MeV - Frev: 1.33 MHz. ∆Fch:15kHz – 1500V Negligible losses

  • A. De Franco,
  • C. Schmitzer

With RF channeling Change Spot Sizes!!!  Re-commissioning

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12

Max Peak to Mean in a Spill Averaging time (ms)

Max Peak to Mean in a Spill

RF-Channeling Reference

Same scale

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Empty Bucket results

Carbon ions Protons

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 50 100 150 200 250 300

Rms duty factor

With Empty Bucket Without Empty Bucket 10 20 30 40 50 50 100 150 200 250 300

Max / average

With Empty Bucket Without Empty Bucket 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rms duty factor

Without Empty Bucket Empty Bucket 10 20 30 40 50 60 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Max / average

Without Empty Bucket Empty Bucket

Courtesy of L. Falbo

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Air core quadrupole

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Air core quad feed forward

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Automatic feed forward

Feed forward correction requires repeatability, which was the case in the medium term (one day), but the correction parameters could vary over longer time (week). In the days following the air core quad feed forward MD,

  • R. Cappi set up a system performing FFT and applying the

correction at the following spill.

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

High Frequency Ripple Injection

Feed forward does not work at CNAO, not even on the very short time scale (1 second). We needed an alternative. Ripple with betatron off. Brushing against the resonance Ripple with betatron on. Irregular spill with strong modulation

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

High Frquency Ripple Injection

Inject a large ripple with a frequency higher than the one you are interested in The amount of extracted beam depends only on the betatron, thus an apparently more homegeneous spill is obtained.

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

High Frquency Ripple Injection

Feed forward does not work at CNAO, not even on the very short time scale (1 second)

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Effect on the beam at isocenter

Off 0.6 0.8 0.95 a.u. excitation

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

RF frequency sweeping HFRI

t f HFRI Period The same effect can be obtained with every means that can bring The beam towards and away from the resonance

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Empty Sweeping Bucket vs Empty Bucket

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 50 100 150 200 250 300

Max / Average

Empty Bucket Empty S‐Bucket

Carbon ions

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 50 100 150 200 250 300

Rms Duty Factor

Empty Bucket Empty S‐Bucket 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 30 50 70 90 109 129 149 169 189 208 228 248 268 288 308

Max / Average

Empty S-Bucket Empty Bucket

0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 30 50 70 90 109 129 149 169 189 208 228 248 268 288 308

Rms Duty Factor

Empty S-Bucket Empty Bucket

Proton ions

Courtesy of L. Falbo

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Air core quad with feedback

Signal from a scintillator (qualification monitor in the HEBT) Feedback start

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Ripple compensation

100 ms No compensation Empty bucket Empty bucket+HFRI Empty bucket + ACQ feedback Integration time 100 us (10 kHz data)

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Different ripple spectra at CNAO and MedAustron

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Carbon & proton ripples

1ms sampling frequency. All shift included (also few Machine Dev.)

  • S. Waid, A. De Franco

Carbon Proton

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Bar of charge

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Bar of charge measurement at MedAustron

Use 8 monitors in the long straight section and match Twiss parameters

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Bar of charge at MedAustron

Twiss parameters at EX-01-000-SFX-A from matching HWHM Ex [p mm mrad] 0.076 Ey [p mm mrad] 6.270 Bx 374.22 By 17.98 ax

  • 203.12

Ay 9.96 Gx 110.25 Gy 5.57 Beam size calculated with matched parameters and beam size measured 62 MeV CalcX MeasX CalcY MeasY EX-01-000-SFX-A 5.33 5.18 10.62 10.63 EX-01-001-SFX-A 0.93 0.87 3.34 3.37 EX-01-002-SFX-A 2.16 2.26 8.05 8.05 EX-01-003-SFX-A 3.40 3.30 3.21 3.14 EX-02-000-SFX-A 4.00 3.78 5.71 5.94 EX-02-001-SFX-A 3.16 3.35 3.21 3.27 EX-03-000-SFX-A 5.33 5.58 5.71 5.47

Bar of charge (red) Drawn inside a 5 mm mrad empty ellipse at 8 monitors in the HEBT

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Simulated particle distribution at magnetic septum Particles tracked at first monitor Dispersive region Non dispersive region Courtesy of A. Wastl

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Particles tracked at monitor With measured ellipse and 5 empty ellipse

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Fast turn on/off for the beam Intrinsically safe Allows beam qualification

HEBT Chopper

The chopper stops (and starts) the beam within 200 s. Used for irradiation of separated parts

  • f slices and for synchronization with

breathing.

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Chopped beam

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Intensity modulation

Schoemers et Al, NIM A 795 (2015) 92-99

The number of required particles varies a lot in spots of the same slice. Adapt intensity to spot!

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Intensity modulation

Subdivide slice in classes and re-sort in order to treat spots with increasing intensity.

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

Multi-Energy Extraction

Sync Extraction magnets Injection magnets 1 s Extracted beam Saved time Saved time

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

RFKO kicker in place

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

RFKO installed

Frequency Generator Gate

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Slow extraction workshop 2019 – Fermilab July 22-24, 2019

www.cnao.it

RFKO Commissioning started

Bunched RFKO Debunched RFKO VERY preliminary Work just started and low priority, still low extraction efficiency, many aspects still to be understood and implemented… more to come

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Recent news and short future

CNAO

  • Experimental room under

commissioning

  • Single room facility for

protons being acquired

  • Third source for other ions

MedAustron

  • Carbon treatments started
  • Gantry installation coming

soon

  • First rotator
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“Physics is like sex: sure, it may give some practical results, but that's not why we do it. ”

  • R. Feynmann

Thank you for your attention