SUBMARINE POWER DISTRIBUTION BY SMART DC MICROGRID UDT 2020 Peter - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SUBMARINE POWER DISTRIBUTION BY SMART DC MICROGRID UDT 2020

Peter Rampen – Principal Research Engineer E&A

22 m, 77 / 85 mt 2x 22 kW electric propulsion speed: 7.8 / 3 kts

DC ON SUBMARINE IN 1889

PAST

2

613 batteries (50 kg each, 30 mt total)

• nly shore charging

range 400 nmi (@ 3 kts) “Edison DC”

AGENDA

3

• 1. LIMITATION OF CURRENT DC SYSTEMS
• 2. SMART DC TECHNOLOGY
• 3. SUBMARINE SMART DC SOLUTIONS
• 4. TRADE OFF REVIEW
• 5. CONCLUSIONS

large variable voltage  large currents DC motors very large circuit breakers all aux. loads on AC “Edison DC+” (some solid state converters) Batteries determine DC voltage:

all equipment rated for voltage range: current rating at min. voltage means 2x larger

WALRUS CLASS POWER

NOW

4

M G G

switchboard

M G M G

lead acid lead acid 400Vac 50Hz 115Vac 400Hz 250..600Vdc

large variable voltage  large currents large DC circuit breakers some large loads on DC many others at AC or 24Vdc 2-split system for reliability  not ideal

TODAY

NOW

5

M

PM

G G

propulsion switchboard 400Vac 50Hz 24Vdc main switchboard 250...600Vdc lead acid lead acid 400Vac 50Hz 24Vdc 250...600Vdc 250..600Vdc aft zone fwd zone

Batteries determine DC voltage:

all equipment rated for voltage range: current rating at min. voltage means 2x larger

DC ON COMMERCIAL SURFACE VESSELS

NOW

6

M M M Fast charging shore connection 450kW Overnight charging connection 20kW ESS2 90kWh M ≈ 500-800V NC NO 24V BT 50kW 1300rpm Prop 1 70kW 700rpm

(100kW@1000rpm – 1min)

8kW 8kW HVAC 3kW Prop 2 70kW 700rpm

(100kW@1000rpm – 1min)

protection by fuses batteries direct on DC bus

(determine voltage level)

DC ON COMMERCIAL SURFACE VESSELS

NOW

7

protection by fuses batteries via DC chopper

Short-circuit energy stored in

capacitors batteries e-machines

low inductance and resistance no good standard for calculation very high & short current (arc flash)

DC PROTECTION

NOW

8

short circuit protection challenging with DC

fuses: less predictable behavior, relative slow mechanical: large, relative slow, very special made energy stored in capacitors, batteries and electric machines, while “grid” has low impedance: so very high short circuits and arc flashes for high reliable system requires 2-split system

most consumers AC supplied  large grid converter floating DC bus voltage  2x oversized and special converter

LIMITS OF TODAY DC SYSTEMS

NOW

9

AGENDA

10

• 1. LIMITATION OF CURRENT DC SYSTEMS
• 2. SMART DC TECHNOLOGY
• 3. SUBMARINE SMART DC SOLUTIONS
• 4. TRADE OFF REVIEW
• 5. CONCLUSIONS

converter rated for voltage difference (similar to AC autotransformer):

example: 1000Vdc bus battery voltage: 900…1100V converter power rating: 10% of battery power practical cost saving is lower because

• f more complex topology

much higher efficiency

PARTIAL POWER CONVERTER

11

Edison's missing link large size reduction high efficiency (larger then normal grid converter)

by resonance converter using soft- switching

HIGH-FREQUENCY DC TRANSFORMERS

12

low level droop control

droop line based on device type and priority

secondary control

by configurating connections on section/zone level

• n/off (consumers, sources and prosumers)

based on power availability and priority balance demand vs production congestion management

tertiary control

• ptimize power system for operational
• bjective (fuel efficiency, performance, ect.)

CONTROL

13

physical layer 2nd layer secondary control 1st layer primary control 3rd layer tertiary control electrical network: V

engine

G

speed control

Battery pack

BMS volt. contr.

M Power Management System (PMS) Propulsion control system (PCS)

speed contr.

Energy Management System (EMS)

sub- grid

volt contr. volt contr.

AGENDA

14

• 1. LIMITATION OF CURRENT DC SYSTEMS
• 2. SMART DC TECHNOLOGY
• 3. SUBMARINE SMART DC SOLUTIONS
• 4. TRADE OFF REVIEW
• 5. CONCLUSIONS

zonal ring distribution protection by SiC based SSCB’s fix bus voltage connect batteries with (partial rated) converters primary control by voltage droop secondary control by priority (on/off, limitation) realizes always two supply routes system size reduction very low short-circuit currents

PROPOSAL

15

M

PM

G

ADP SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB zone 2 auxiliaries SSCB SSCB zone 1 auxiliaries SSCB SSCB zone 3 auxiliaries ESS ESS

G

AIP SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB ESS SSCB SSCB SSCB ESS SSCB

constrains all connections should be active:

no large current steps or inrush currents low voltage drop on cables

non active consumers on separate grid (via “power gateway”)

PROPOSAL CONT.

16

M

PM

G

ADP SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB zone 2 auxiliaries SSCB SSCB zone 1 auxiliaries SSCB SSCB zone 3 auxiliaries ESS ESS

G

AIP SSCB SSCB SSCB SSCB ESS SSCB SSCB SSCB ESS SSCB

AGENDA

17

• 1. LIMITATION OF CURRENT DC SYSTEMS
• 2. SMART DC TECHNOLOGY
• 3. SUBMARINE SMART DC SOLUTIONS
• 4. TRADE OFF REVIEW
• 5. CONCLUSIONS

high safety level - low short circuit currents high availability – zonal ring (always two routes), decentralized power generation and storage reduction of volume – new semiconductors enabling hf converters, no AC grid, system rating based on average power level efficient system smart - full control and monitoring

WHAT IT BRINGS

18

AGENDA

19

• 1. LIMITATION OF CURRENT DC SYSTEMS
• 2. SMART DC TECHNOLOGY
• 3. SUBMARINE SMART DC SOLUTIONS
• 4. TRADE OFF REVIEW
• 5. CONCLUSIONS

Smart DC microgrid technology makes submarines grids:

smaller safer more efficient smart

Not “off-the shelve” available today However can be realized today

CONCLUSIONS

20

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

QUESTIONS?

21

ASD TUG 2810