SUSTAINABLE IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION Dr. Kavita - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA) FHI 360 1825 Connecticut Ave., NW Washington, DC 20009 Tel: 202-884-8000 Fax: 202-884-8432 Email: fantamail@fhi360.org Website: www.fantaproject.org

EMPOWERING WOMEN AND GIRLS: A CRITICAL PATHWAY TO ACCELERATE SUSTAINABLE IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION

• Dr. Kavita Sethuraman, Technical Advisor, Maternal and Child Health

and Nutrition April 19 2017

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Global Trend in the Prevalence of Chronic Malnutrition (Stunting)

150 160 170 180 190 200 2000 2005 2010 2015 Number (Millions) Year

198 182 169 156

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Global Trend in the Prevalence (%) and Number (Millions) Undernourished

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991 909 927 805 778 23 18 17 14 13 5 10 15 20 25 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1990-92 2000-02 2005-07 2010-12 2014-16 Percent Number (Millions) Number (Millions) Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)

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Globally…Where Gender Inequality Prevails… Hunger is Widely Prevalent

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800

Global Hunger Index Gender Inequality Index Increasing hunger Increasing gender inequality

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National Food Availability 25% Health Environment 19% Women’s Education 43% Women’s Status 12%

Evidence shows that…

Over the period from 1970-1995: 55% of the reduction in child malnutrition is a result of improvements in women’s education and social status.

Source: Smith et al 2003

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Women make up 43% of the agricultural labor force in developing countries. Women farmers are less productive than men due to less access to land, water, seeds, training, and credit.

Source: Coffee Quality Institute

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Children of educated mothers are 40% more likely to live beyond age 5 and 50% more likely to be immunized Educating girls is correlated with lower adolescent pregnancy rates, better child health, delayed age at marriage, lower maternal mortality, and higher earnings for women

Source: Coffee Quality Institute

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Risk Ratio for Stunting Among Firstborns by Maternal Age

Source: Fink et al. 2014

Younger maternal age = higher risk of stunting in their 1st born children

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In Sub-Saharan Africa the increased risk of stunting among firstborns of adolescent mothers is 33%. In South Asia it is 36%.

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Prevalence of Stunting in Children under Age 5 by Maternal Age

54 37 42 51 45 49 51 36 43 31 41 39 29 30 33 24 10 20 30 40 50 60

Ethiopia 2011 Kenya 2014 Malawi 2010 Mozambique 2011 Tanzania 2010 Uganda 2011 Zambia 2013/14 Zimbabwe 2010/11

Percent <18years >23 years

Source: Analysed from DHS

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Trends in Adolescent Childbearing

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57 57 71 67 53 48 52 60 47 51 25 29 36 59 60 69 65 66 65 75 40 38 41 54 60 20 40 60 80 100 Percent

Percent of adolescents who have begun childbearing by age 19

Source: DHS

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Empowering women and girls….

Productive resources = Food production Income = Purchasing power + ability to buy food Education of women + girls = delaying marriage + childbearing = Fewer children + more time + better care = better nutrition

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“You see when we started working with the household approach there were men who have since died and left their spouse and children. Their farms are still functioning and are even better after their

• death. This is

because the women were involved in planning and decision-making” Male farmer, Zambia

Gender transformative approach for Agriculture

Source: SIDA 2010, Farnworth and Colverson, 2015, IFAD 2014

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Empowering women through a combination of income-generation and education improves household food security and adoption of optimal nutrition practices

Credit Women’s Associations Education Income and Savings Self-Confidence & Status Knowledge and Practice Improved Household Food Security Adoption of

• ptimal health

and nutrition practices Intermediate Benefits Longer-Term Outcomes

Source: FFH Credit with Education Strategy

Program Inputs

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Empowering women combined with MCHN programming results in improved nutrition

• 2.6
• 6.5
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Percentage Point Reduction in Stunting

Source: IDS Working Paper on Shouhardo II Evaluation

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Source: Photoshare

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Source: World Vision

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2009 Gender integration in Title II becomes mandatory 2011 Report with recommendations

• n gender

integration for FFP published 2012 FFP hires Gender Advisor 2014 FFP adopts gender indicators

Milestones to integrate gender in FPP programming

2016 FFP Integrates language on gender for annual reporting from implementing partners 2016/17 FFP undertakes gender consultations to guide the design

• f gender

analyses

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FFP Gender Integration Framework

Membership/ Participation Resources/ Information Communication Decision-Making

Access Control

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Empowering women and girls is a critical pathway to accelerating sustainable improvements in nutrition, food security, and agriculture

Source: Photoshare

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This presentation is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the support of the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-12-00005, through the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA), managed by FHI 360. The contents are the responsibility of FHI 360 and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.