The Evolution of the Automotive Battery Dr. S. Ndlovu, Technical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
the evolution of the automotive battery
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

The Evolution of the Automotive Battery Dr. S. Ndlovu, Technical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 18, 2023 16 likes •267 views

The Evolution of the Automotive Battery Dr. S. Ndlovu, Technical Director : First National Battery TAX INTEREST PROFIT WAGES TAX INTEREST PROFIT WAGES SALARIES DIVIDENDS TURNOVER SALARIES DIVIDENDS TURNOVER CASH CSI SPEND CAPITAL

slide-1
SLIDE 1

TAX SALARIES CASH

INTEREST DIVIDENDS CSI SPEND PROFIT TURNOVER CAPITAL WAGES PENSIONS

The Evolution of the Automotive Battery

  • Dr. S. Ndlovu, Technical Director : First National Battery

TAX INTEREST CASH WAGES PROFIT CSI SPEND CAPITAL PENSIONS SALARIES DIVIDENDS TURNOVER

slide-2
SLIDE 2

2

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

  • The lead-acid battery
  • Lead –acid battery development
  • Key innovation drivers
  • Shift to Li-ion
slide-3
SLIDE 3

3

Pb-ACID BATTERY CHEMISTRY

slide-4
SLIDE 4

4

Pb-ACID BATTERY CHEMISTRY

slide-5
SLIDE 5

5

AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY HISTORY

  • Car batteries became widely used around 1920 as cars became equipped with electric

starters

  • Cars used 6V electrical systems and batteries until the mid-1950s.
  • The changeover from 6 to 12V happened when bigger engines required more electrical

power to start

STARTING LIGHTING IGNITION

slide-6
SLIDE 6

6

  • Strong
  • Good cycling

ability

  • High water loss

Antimony Alloy

  • Good cycling

ability

  • Lower water loss

Low Antimony

  • Low Sb positive,

Ca negative

  • Water loss lower

than low antimony

Hybrid

  • Very low water

loss

Calcium

SLI BATTERY GRID ALLOY DEVELOPMENT HIGH MAINTENANCE LOW MAINTENANCE

slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

GROWING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN THE CAR

  • Reduced exhaust emissions
  • Better fuel economy
  • Improved safety
  • Increasing comfort and convenience - seat warmers, entertainment

systems, air conditioners etc.

  • Premature ageing due to acid stratification and inhomogeneous

current distribution

Developments in 1980s – 1990s required more electrical power

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT NEEDED

slide-8
SLIDE 8

8

START- STOP SYSTEM CONTINUED START-STOP SYSTEMS ENTER THE MARKET

START STOP STANDARD VEHICLE START STOP VEHICLE

1, 500 17, 500 Engine starts P/A*

* Based on 15 000 km P/A of CBD travel

KEY CHALLENGES: CHARGE ACCEPTANCE, CYCLE LIFE

slide-9
SLIDE 9

9

AGM BATTERY TECHNOLOGY ABSORBENT GLASS MAT

Glass mat separators Recombinant lid technology and Higher pack pressures to facilitate improved cyclic lifespan.

KEY FEATURES

slide-10
SLIDE 10

10

  • AGM has very low internal resistance & high charge acceptance
  • Perfect for advanced start-stop systems in which the battery needs to be quickly recharged, through

the energy provided by the regenerative braking system

  • Capable to deliver high currents on demand and offers a long service life
  • AGM is maintenance free, non-spillable
  • 3x the endurance of conventional batteries

AGM BATTERY ADVANTAGES ONLY SOUTH AFRICAN AGM BATTERY SUPPLIER

slide-11
SLIDE 11

11

EFB TECHNOLOGY

ENHANCED FLOODED BATTERY

  • Carbon additives in the plate manufacturing process.
  • Improved cycling performance compared to conventional

flooded batteries.

  • Support for a high number of engine starts and extended

engine-off periods.

  • Improved charge acceptance compared to conventional

flooded batteries.

  • Suitable for entry level start-stop vehicle technologies.

Lower tier option to AGM batteries

slide-12
SLIDE 12

12

INCREASING BATTERY PERFORMANCE

SLI EFB AGM

Pb-ACID BATTERY COMPARISON

  • Maintenance-Free
  • Immobilized electrolyte
  • For start-stop and advanced

applications

  • Rapid/Dynamic charge

acceptance

  • Higher cold cranking

performance – 35% improvement

  • 360 Cycles @50% DOD
  • 3x improved life cycle
  • Low Maintenance
  • Free flowing electrolyte
  • For start-stop applications
  • Improved Charge Acceptance
  • Up to 25% increased cranking

power

  • 240 Cycles @ 50% DOD
  • 2x improved life cycle
  • Lower tier option to AGM

batteries

  • Maintenance Required
  • Free flowing electrolyte
  • Conventional

applications

  • 120 Cycles @50% DOD
  • Economical
slide-13
SLIDE 13

CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION TARGETS

slide-14
SLIDE 14

PRODUCT TRENDS – ELECTRIFICATION IN CARS

slide-15
SLIDE 15

15

SIX KEY DRIVERS OF E-MOBILITY

slide-16
SLIDE 16

16

MOVE TO HIGH VOLTAGE BATTERY REQUIREMENTS

6 V 12/24 V 48 V >300 V

slide-17
SLIDE 17

17

WHAT IS A LITHIUM ION BATTERY?

slide-18
SLIDE 18

18

DIFFERENT LITHIUM ION CHEMISTRIES

slide-19
SLIDE 19

19

ENERGY DENSITY OF DIFFERENT BATTERY SYSTEMS

  • High energy density
  • Size & Weight Advantages
  • Peukert’s Losses & Voltage Sag – virtually non-existent
slide-20
SLIDE 20

20

LI-ION BATTERY CELL DESIGNS

CYLINDRICAL CELLS PRISMATIC CELLS POUCH CELLS

slide-21
SLIDE 21

21

PROS & CONS OF LI-ION VS LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

  • High energy density
  • Relatively low self-discharge
  • Low maintenance
  • Size & Weight Advantages
  • Superior useable capacity
  • Extended cycle life
  • Fast and efficient charging
  • Very little wasted energy
  • Expensive
  • Transportation problems
  • Needs Circuit Protection

› protect from over-charge & over- discharge

  • Safety risk
  • Poor recycling
  • Immature technology
  • Deep Discharge
slide-22
SLIDE 22

22

DECREASING COST OF LI-ION TECHNOLOGY

slide-23
SLIDE 23

23

COST OF LI-ION vs LEAD-ACID TECHNOLOGY

Lithium-ion AGM EFB Flooded INITIAL COST PER BATTERY CAPACITY Lithium-ion AGM EFB Flooded TOTAL LIFE CYCLE COST

Cost per Battery Cost Per KW

LI-ION: COMPETITIVE LIFE CYCLE COST

slide-24
SLIDE 24

24

CONCLUSION

Pb-Acid is here to stay but…Li-ion is the technology of the future!

slide-25
SLIDE 25

THANK YOU