The he Rupp uppin in In Index ex fo for r Im Immigrant - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The he Rupp uppin in In Index ex fo for r Im Immigrant migrant In Inte tegration gration at at the the Lo Local cal Le Leve vel

Ka Karin rin Amit & & Sv Svetlana tlana Chach achas ashvi hvili li-Bolo Bolotin tin

• Prof. Karin Amit

The MA Progra ram in Immigra ration ion & Social al Integrat ation ion (Head) and the Dept. of Business s Adminis istra ration ion Ruppin Academic ic Center

• Dr. Svetlana Chachashvili-Bolotin

The MA Progra ram in Immigra ration ion & Social al Integrat ation ion Ruppin Academic ic Center

Immigrant integration indices

Indices of immigrant integration in Israel and other countries mainly address the national level. One of the prominent indices for immigrant integration at the national level in Israel is the Ruppin index. There are no systematic measurements

• f immigrant integration in Israel at the

local-municipal level.

Pres esentation entation ai aim: m:

T

• su

sugg ggest st usi sing ng the Ru Rupp ppin Inde dex x pa parame meter ters s fo for exami minin ning g imm mmigr grant ant integra gration ion at the loca cal level. el. T

• pr

prese sent nt pr prelim iminar inary y fi findi ding ngs s relate ated d to the integ egrati ation

• n of

f imm mmigr grant ants s in 8 8 ma major r ci cities in Isr srael l co comp mpared d to the nationa

• nal

l level. el. T

• di

disc scuss ss ch challen lenge ges s related ted to me measu suring ring imm mmigra grant nt integra gration ion at the loca cal leve vel. l.

The he Rup uppin pin In Index ex Par arameter ameters

core dimensions of integration are represented in the Ruppin Index

Social al integr egrat atio ion n - Langu guage ge skills lls Stan anda dard d of f livi ving ng Econom nomic ic integr egrat atio ion n in the labo bor market Subj bjective ective integr egrat atio ion

Pul ulling ling th the d e dat ata

N= N=43,354 3,354 Is Israelis elis aged d 20 20+

Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Social Survey 2013-2018

Th The e CB CBS S So Soci cial al Su Survey vey sp spec ecifies fies infor

• rmation

mation

cities

8 30 30%

• f

f the Isr sraeli eli po popu pulation ion resi side des in these se ci cities es (N= N=13,72 724) abo bout

Netanya Jerus usal alem em Haifa Petah ah Tikva va Ashdod Beer er-Shev Sheva T el Aviv-Yaf afo Rishon

• n LeZion
• n

St Stud udy y group

• ups

Immigr grants nts fr from the Forme rmer Sovie iet t Unio ion n (FSU) arriving ving after 1990 1990 Immigr grants nts fr from Ethio iopia pia Immigr grants nts fr from Western rn countr tries ies (ar arri riving ving af after er 1990 1990): Fren ench, h, Engl glish ish and d Spa panish ish spe peakers

Ideally…

Immigr grants nts fr from the Forme rmer Sovie iet t Unio ion n (FSU) arriving ving after 1990 1990.

In practice…

Comparison

• Israeli

li bo born rn (second

• nd & third

d ge generation tion) ) + veteran n immigra grants nts (be befo fore 1990 1990) )

• Israeli

li po popu pulati tion

• n (Jews

s and d Arabs bs)

Des Description cription by cit y cities ies an and groups

• ups

FSU Ethiopian French- speakers English- speakers Spanish- speakers Israeli born+ Imm. before 1990 Arabs Total Jerusalem 176 20 55 125 29 2126 1206 3737 Tel Aviv-Yafo 240 15 16 44 10 2104 71 2500 Haifa 462 18 9 9 6 1093 154 1751 Rishon LeZiyon 274 43 2 5 4 1095 1423 Petah Tikva 307 35 1 4 5 962 2 1316 Ashdod 464 30 20 7 8 667 2 1198 Beer Sheva 294 24 1 7 556 11 893 Netanya 210 35 30 6 6 619 906 Total 2427 220 133 201 75 9222 1446 13724

The number of cases of Ethiopian, French, English & Spanish speakers is too low!

Examining xamining FSU SU imm immigrants igrants in in 8 8 ci cities ties

Presenting We prese sent nt th the findings ings only y for FSU SU imm mmigrants igrants. Comparing We compar are e the integ egration ration of FSU SU in 8 8 major

• r cities

ties to: FSU SU imm mmigrant grants at the national level T

• ta

tal l Israel eli i populatio lation n at the national level Israel eli-bor

• rn

n + immig igra rants ts before e 1990 0 at the national level Israel eli-bor

• rn

n + immig igra rants ts before e 1990 1990 at the local level

Fin indings dings

FSU Israeli-born + Imm. before 1990

% in the city Age % BA+ % in the city Age % BA+

Jerusalem 4.7% 53.2 65.3% 56.9% 45.2 28.5% Tel Aviv-Yafo 9.6% 45.1 45.0% 84.2% 47.1 48.1% Haifa 26.4% 50.8 49.8% 62.4% 51.1 39.5% Rishon LeZiyon 19.3% 49.7 49.6% 77.0% 48.7 25.7% Petah Tikva 23.3% 48.8 47.2% 73.1% 48.7 31.5% Ashdod 38.7% 54.3 41.2% 55.7% 45.8 17.7% Beer Sheva 32.9% 53.3 49.0% 62.3% 45.6 22.5% Netanya 23.2% 53.2 49.0% 68.3% 48.1 24.4% National level 13.9% 51.2 45.0% 63.0% 46.9 31.6%

The he Rup uppin pin In Index ex Par arameter ameters

core dimensions of integration are represented in the Ruppin Index:

Social al integr egrat atio ion n - Langu guage ge skills lls Stan anda dard d of f livi ving ng Econom nomic ic integr egrat atio ion n in the labo bor market Subj bjective ective integr egrat atio ion

Social integration- Language skills

Hebrew language proficiency:

• Hebrew language index (1-5)

Reported language proficiency: Speaking, reading & writing

• % Speaking very well

3.4 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 4.8 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8

Jerusalem Tel Aviv- Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petah Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli-born +Imm. Before 90 All Israelis

National level

FSU U imm mmigrants rants living ing in T el Aviv-Yafo afo have ve th the e highe hest st leve vel of Hebr brew w profic ficiency iency

Hebrew Language Index (1-5) FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 1990 1990

30% 52% 26% 32% 35% 24% 28% 40% 33% 88% 70% 86% 92% 82% 83% 86% 80% 83% 93% Jerusalem Tel Aviv- Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petah Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli- born +Imm. Before 90 All Israelis

National level

% Speaking Hebrew very well

FSU U imm mmigrants rants living ing in T el Aviv-Yafo afo have ve th the e highe hest st leve vel of Hebr brew w profic ficiency iency

FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 90 90

Standard of living

• Family income
• Ability to cover expenses
• Consumption patterns

(domestic help)

• Housing density

In Z scores compared to the national average (all groups)

• .01

.06

• .01
• .03
• .08
• .13

.08

• .01
• .05

.20

• .01

.66 .53 .28 .22

• .20

.16 .15

National level

Standard of living index (compared to all Israelis at the national level Z=0)

Th The sta tandar dard d of living ing of FSU U imm mmigrants ants is lower wer comp mpar ared d to to Is Israeli eli-born born + Im Imm. . befor

• re 1990

90

FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 90 90

Jerusalem Tel Aviv- Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petach Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli-born + Imm. before 90

Economic integration in the labor market

Actual integration in the labor market (employed only)

• Wages
• PTM (Professional, Technical and

Managerial) occupation

• Full time vs. part time

• .08

.05

• .17
• .01

.10

• .03
• .26

.01

• .04

0.2

• .09

.40 .08 .11 .16

• .10
• .14

.20

National level

Th The inte tegra gration tion in th the e labor

• r ma

market ket of FSU U imm mmigrant ant me men is lower wer comp mpar ared ed to to Is Israel aeli-born born + Im

• Imm. b

. befor fore e 1990 990, , but t is close se to to th the Is Israel aeli i aver erage age

FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 90 90 Actual integration in the labor market- Men FSU (compared to all Israeli (Jews + Arabs) men at the national level Z=0)

Jerusalem Tel Aviv-Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petach Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli-born + Imm. before 90

Th The inte tegra gration tion in th the e labor

• r ma

market ket of FSU U imm mmigrant ant women men is lower wer comp mpar ared ed to to Is Israeli eli-born born + Im Imm. . befor fore e 1990 990 but t also lower wer th than n th the e Is Israeli eli aver erage age for women men

• .07

.03

• .21

.01 .06

• .16
• .20
• .25
• .11

.12 .40 .09 .21 .23

• .29
• .11

.18

National level

Actual integration in the labor market- Women FSU (compared to all Israeli (Jews + Arabs) women at the national level Z=0)

Jerusalem Tel Aviv-Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petach Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli-born + Imm. before 90

FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 90 90

Subjective integration

Are people optimistic about the future? Are they satisfied with their lives?

Expectations for the future - Subjective Integration (% optimistic)

48% 53% 48% 37% 48% 37% 44% 39% 45% 54% 53% 63% 50% 43% 47% 54% 52% 58% 50%

Jerusalem Tel Aviv- Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petah Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli- born Jews All Israelis National level

In In T el Aviv-Yafo afo and Haifa ifa, , FSU U imm mmigrants rants are e mo more

• pti

timis mistic tic th than an th the Is Israel aeli-born born popula ulation tion

FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 90 90

3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 Jerusalem Tel Aviv- Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petah Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli- born + Imm. before 90 All Israelis

National level

Subjective Integration - Life satisfaction (1-4)

In general, the life satisfaction of Israelis is high

FSU Israeli-born + Imm. before 90

T

• summarize…

There e are differ erences ences in the languag guage e profici ficiency ency of FSU SU imm mmig igra rants ts in T el l Aviv iv-Yafo afo comp mpar ared ed to to oth ther r citie ties- FSU SU immigrants grants livin ving in T el Aviv iv-Yafo afo have e the highest est level vel of Hebrew ew profici ficiency ency while le those e livin ving in Ashdod d Beer r Sh Sheva a & & Haifa fa have ve the lowest est. Social integration: Language skills There e are differ erences ences in the stand ndar ard of living ving between en cites tes, , both th amo mong g FSU SU imm mmigran igrants ts and Israel eli i born rn + immig igra rants ts before e 1990 1990. . The highest hest level vel is in T el Aviv iv-Y afo afo the lowest st in Ashdod. d. Economic integration: Standard of living

There are differ ferences ences betw tween en cities, es, both h among ng FSU U immigra grants ts and Israel raeli i born+ rn+ immigra grants ts befor

• re

e 1990 1990. . For r FSU U immigra rants, ts, the highest st level l of labo bor r marke ket t integra gration tion is in Peta tah h Tikva va and T el Aviv- Yafo fo and d the lowes est t is in Beer r Sheva and d Haifa. ifa. The case se of Ashdod - FSU U immigra grants nts have e higher r level l of labo bor r marke ket t integra ration tion compar pared ed to the Israel raeli i born+ rn+ immigra grants ts befor

• re

e 1990 1990 living ng in Ashdo dod.

Integration in the labor market

There are differ ferences ences betwe tween en cities, es, both h among ng FSU U immigra grants ts and Israel raeli i born rn + immigra grants ts befor

• re

e 1990 1990. For r FSU U immigra rants, ts, the highest st level l of labo bor r marke ket t integra gration tion is in the center er - Petah tah Tikva va T el Aviv-Y af afo

• and Rishon

hon LeZion

• n and the lowest

est is in Netanya, ya, Beer Sheva and Haifa ifa. The case se of Ashdod - FSU U immigra grants nts have e higher r level l of labo bor r marke ket t integra ration tion compar pared ed to the Israel raeli i born+ rn+ immigra grants ts befor

• re

e 1990 1990 living ng in Ashdo dod.

• .08

.05

• .17
• .01

.10

• .03
• .26

.01

• .04

0.2

• .09

.40 .08 .11 .16

• .10
• .14

.20

National level

Th The inte tegra gration tion in th the e labor

• r ma

market ket of FSU U imm mmigrant ant me men is lower wer comp mpar ared ed to to Is Israel aeli-born born + Im

• Imm. b

. befor fore e 1990 990, , but t is close se to to th the Is Israel aeli i aver erage age

FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 90 90 Actual integration in the labor market- Men FSU (compared to all Israeli (Jews + Arabs) men at the national level Z=0)

Jerusalem Tel Aviv-Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petach Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli-born + Imm. before 90

Th The inte tegra gration tion in th the e labor

• r ma

market ket of FSU U imm mmigrant ant women men is lower wer comp mpar ared ed to to Is Israeli eli-born born + Im Imm. . befor fore e 1990 990 but t also lower wer th than n th the e Is Israeli eli aver erage age for women men

• .07

.03

• .21

.01 .06

• .16
• .20
• .25
• .11

.12 .40 .09 .21 .23

• .29
• .11

.18

National level

Actual integration in the labor market- Women FSU (compared to all Israeli (Jews + Arabs) women at the national level Z=0)

Jerusalem Tel Aviv-Yafo Haifa Rishon LeZiyon Petach Tikva Ashdod Beer Sheva Netanya FSU Israeli-born + Imm. before 90

FSU Israeli raeli-bo born rn + Imm. befor

• re

e 90 90

In T el Aviv iv-Yafo afo and Haifa fa FSU SU immigrant igrants s are more

• ptimistic

mistic than the Israel eli-bor

• rn + immigrants

grants before e 1990 1990. . FSU SU living ving in Ashdod

• d and Risho

hon n LeZio ion are the least st

• ptimistic.

mistic. Subjective integration: Expectations for the future The differ ferences ences betw twee een n citie ties s for FSU SU immigrant igrants s are small. ll. Subjective integration: Life satisfaction

Fut Futur ure e con conside siderations rations

• Our

r findi ndings ngs emp mphasi hasize ze th the imp mpor

• rtance

tance of analyzi lyzing ng imm mmig igran rant t integr tegrati ation

• n at

t th the local cal leve vel. l.

• The

he findings ndings can n be useful eful for r mu municip nicipali alities ties and poli licy cy ma maker ers s at th t the e local cal and nati tional

• nal levels.

vels.

• This

is analy lysis is should uld be condu nduct cted ed for all imm mmig igrant rant groups

• ups in Israel

ael and for r additiona itional l ci citi ties.

• A c

A comp mparative arative stu tudy dy of immi mmigr grant ant integr tegrati ation

• n in citi

ties es in Israel ael and Canada nada can shed d mo more e light ght on th the integr tegrati ation

• n of specific

ecific imm mmig igrant rant groups

• ups in differ

fferen ent t locatio cations (FSU) SU).

• The challenge is to

to allocat

• cate

e a b better tter data ta samp mple le which ich can allow

• w

th these se additio itional l analyses. lyses.

Th Than ank k you you!