The Impacts of Photovoltaic Electricity Self-Consumption on Value - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Impacts of Photovoltaic Electricity Self-Consumption on Value Transfers Between Private and Public Stakeholders in France. Jonathan Richard Ludovic Roulot Ecole Centrale de Nantes and Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Chile Mail:
Ecole Centrale de Nantes and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Mail: jroulot@uc.cl
Ricardo Raineri Bernain
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
35th USAEE/IAEE North American Conference Riding the Energy Cycles Royal Sonesta Hotel, Nov. 2017, Houston, Texas, USA
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Utilities
Mandatory Purchase Tariff Through the public grid
The economic lever for the user remains the most important among several levers. ▪ Increase of electricity prices ▪ Decrease in the cost of photovoltaic systems ▪ Decrease in the mandatory purchase tariff
Full Injection
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Utilities
Mandatory Purchase Tariff Through the public grid
The economic lever for the user remains the most important among several levers. ▪ Increase of electricity prices ▪ Decrease in the cost of photovoltaic systems ▪ Decrease in the mandatory purchase tariff
Prosumers
Utilities
Mandatory Purchase Tariff Through the public grid
Prosumers
2015 2016 2017
Law for Energy Transition and Green Economic Growth (LTECV) 17th August 2015 Law for Electric Self- Consumption 24th February 2017 Order n°2016-1019 for Self- Consumption 27th July 2016 Presentation of the European Commission Green Energy Package 30th November 2016 Deadline of Requests for Proposals of Self-Consumption Projects (CRE)
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2015 2016 2017
Law for Energy Transition and Green Economic Growth (LTECV) 17th August 2015 Law for Electric Self- Consumption 24th February 2017 Order n°2016-1019 for Self- Consumption 27th July 2016 Presentation of the European Commission Green Energy Package 30th November 2016 Deadline of Requests for Proposals of Self-Consumption Projects (CRE)
▪ Energy transition and EnR development ▪ Management of the support policy and its cost ▪ Decentralization of the energy industry ▪ Participating citizens and local territories ▪ Setting up of a framework for the changes of the photovoltaic sector, and visibility for economic stakeholders
Utilities Municipalities Departments / Counties Transport System Operator
Self-Consumption Rate Economic Valuation Scheme Taxation Inputs General Inputs Load Profile Photovoltaic Electricity Production Profile Annual Electric Consumption Photovoltaic System Size Investment Required Electric Flows
Value Transfers Project Cost Project Income VAN
TURPE and Supply Tariffs CAPEX and OPEX Capacity of storage
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Tariff for using public electricity grids (Fixed + Variable) mainly covers the costs of operations and investment of ENEDIS, the distribution system operator. It covers the costs necessary to the production of electricity or its purchase, the management of contracts and the mark-up of the utility. ▪ CSPE (Contribution to Public Electric Services): allows the State to cover charges of the electric public services assumed by historic suppliers (ex: EDF) like the mandatory purchase
▪ TCFE (Tax on Electric Final Consumption) split in a municipal tax (TCCFE) and a departmental tax (TDCFE). ▪ CTA (Contribution for Transmission) covers the pension of workers in the electric industry. ▪ VAT (Value Added Taxes): for the State. TURPE 5 HTA-BT Electricity Supply Taxes
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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 €
792
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 €
1639
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 €
14181
20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 €
118486
Household Commerce Small and Medium Business Industry
= 0
= 0
= 0 = 0
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 kW Daily Hours
Winter Week / Weekend Summer Week / Weekend Mid-Season Week / Weekend
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 kW Daily Hours
Winter Summer Week / Weekend Mid-Season Week / Weekend
Household Commerce
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 kW Daily Hours
Winter Summer Week / Weekend Mid-Season Week / Weekend
Small and Medium Business
50 100 150 200 250 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 kW Daily Hours
Winter Summer Week / Weekend Mid-Season Week / Weekend
Industry
(With PV Self-Consumption compared to With PV Full Injection)
17
280
146
68
214
100 200 300 400 State (TVA and CTA) State (CSPE collected) State (CSPE spent) State (Premiums spent) State (Total) Department, County (TDCFE) Municipality (TCCFE) Utility (Mark-up) ENEDIS (TURPE collected) User (Total) User (Subsidy and TVA Investment) User (Electricity Sales) User (Savings on Electric Bill) €/MWh_selfconsumed
222
132
60
154
100 200 300 State (TVA and CTA) State (CSPE collected) State (CSPE spent) State (Premiums spent) State (Total) Department, County (TDCFE) Municipality (TCCFE) Utility (Mark-up) ENEDIS (TURPE collected) User (Total) User (Subsidy and TVA Investment) User (Electricity Sales) User (Savings on Electric Bill) €/MWh_selfconsumed
Household Commerce
French State Utility Department Municipality Distribution System Operator User
(With PV Self-Consumption compared to With PV Full Injection)
18
102
65
2 6
144
50 100 150 200 State (TVA and CTA) State (CSPE collected) State (CSPE spent) State (Premiums spent) State (Total) Department, County (TDCFE) Municipality (TCCFE) Utility (Mark-up) ENEDIS (TURPE collected) User (Total) User (Subsidy and TVA Investment) User (Electricity Sales) User (Savings on Electric Bill) €/MWh_selfconsumed
11
60
117
50 100 150 State (TVA and CTA) State (CSPE collected) State (CSPE spent) State (Premiums spent) State (Total) Department, County (TDCFE) Municipality (TCCFE) Utility (Mark-up) ENEDIS (TURPE collected) User (Total) User (Subsidy and TVA Investment) User (Electricity Sales) User (Savings on Electric Bill) €/MWh_selfconsumed
Small and Medium Business
Industry ▪ Benefits for the user. ▪ Shortfall in each situation for the distribution system operator. ▪ Shortfall for the French State with projects above 100 kWp.
Household Commerce Small and Medium Business Minimizing Mandatory Purchase Tariff for surplus (€/kWh) 0,15 0,15 0,13 Retail Market Price on 25 years (€/kWh) 0,21 0,19 0,15
To reach this minimum, the Mandatory Purchase Tariff for the surplus of self- consumption appears lower than the Retail Market Price (and above the Wholesale Market Price). Not possible for projects of big industries. Competitiveness of Self-Consumption on Full Injection
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Household Commerce Small and Medium Business Industry Self-Consumption Rate 30% 50% 70% 30% 50% 70% 50% 70% 90% 70% 90% 100 % Peak Power (kWp) 5 3 2 12 7 4 88 56 36 551 356 192 VAN Full Injection (in €) VAN Self- Consumption (in €)
VAN > 0 VAN < 0 Competitiveness of Self- Consumption
▪ Profitable with difficulty for Household ▪ Easily profitable for projects with a big installation and high electric demand (above 36kWp) ▪ Competitive with difficulty for Household and Commerce ▪ Competitive dependent on the specificity of the projects for small and medium business profiles ▪ Easily competitive for projects of industry profiles
▪ Photovoltaic self-consumption with an oversized system, rather than a high self- consumption rate, is less profitable and not competitive compared to full injection. ▪ The distribution system operator, ENEDIS, would suffer from shortfall for every project of self-consumption compared to full injection. ▪ Apart from installations in industry profiles, the French State would benefit from savings. ▪ The user get benefit from the value transfers in the case of profiles with a high electric load and a photovoltaic installation sized for a high self-consumption rate.