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The research on Body Area Networks f for future health applications f carried at Technical University of Lodz ukasz Januszkiewicz Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund Plan of the presentation Plan of the presentation Institute

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The research on Body Area Networks f f for future health applications carried at Technical University of Lodz

Łukasz Januszkiewicz

Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Plan of the presentation Plan of the presentation

  • Institute of Electronics
  • Research carried in Telecommunication Division
  • Research on Body Area Networks
  • Example project
  • Current and future works

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Institute of Electronics Technical University of Lodz Institute of Electronics Technical University of Lodz

The Institute was founded in 1973

Medical Electronics Division (4 professors) Telecommunication Division (2 professors)

Electronics Circuits Electronics Circuits and Thermography Division (2 professors) www eletel p lodz pl

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www.eletel.p.lodz.pl

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Institute of Electronics teaching Institute of Electronics - teaching

  • Telecommunication systems
  • Image and signal processing
  • Biomedical engineering

specialties Courses taught in English g g

Total no. of graduates: ~1000 Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Medical Electronics Division Medical Electronics Division

processing and analysis biomedical signals (ECG, EEG) and images

p g y g ( , ) g (CT, MRI)

hardware implementations (FPGA, AISIC)

  • t ti

l i t lli i di i (bi t di i t

computational intelligence in medicine (biometry, diagnosis support,

human-machine interfaces, systems aiding the disabled)

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Thermography Division Thermography Division

Interfacing thermographic cameras

g g p

complete computed thermography systems In-house design of thermography camera applications: electronics, medical diagnosis

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Telecommunication Division Telecommunication Division

electromagnetic wave propagation modelling; modelling and design of antenna systems; modelling and design of radio communication systems including ad-

hoc networks; hoc networks;

electromagnetic compatibility;

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Radiowave Propagation Modelling Radiowave Propagation Modelling

  • Propagation prediction program was developed for the design of

bil d fi d t k mobile and fixed networks.

  • The program was successfully used by industry for the design of

dozens of small radiocommunication networks.

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Radiowave Propagation Modelling Radiowave Propagation Modelling

Path profile analysis: Free space loss Clearance Atmospheric attenuation

digital terrain model fieldstrength coverage

Path profile analysis: Free space loss, Clearance, Atmospheric attenuation, Diffraction. Propagation models: Okumura-Hata-Kozono, Anderson, ITU-R P.530, ITU R P1546 L l Ri

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ITU-R P.1546, Longley-Rice, …

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Radiowave Propagation Modelling Radiowave Propagation Modelling

  • We have developed ray tracing and beam tracing (faster) propagation

p y g g ( ) p p g prediction software implementing UTD (Uniform Theory of Diffraction).

  • Tested mainly indoor but can be adapted to outdoor propagation

environment.

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Radiowave Propagation Modelling Radiowave Propagation Modelling

Radio survey (test-drives): Verification and tuning of radiowave propagation models and software models and software

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Radiowave Propagation Modelling Radiowave Propagation Modelling

W h ifi d di ti d li th d Example radio survey project: We have verified numerous radio wave propagation modeling methods (e.g. ITU-370, Anderson, Longley-Rice, Okumura) for the Polish Office of Telecommunications and Post Regulation. The project involved:

  • computer implementation of the propagation models;
  • development of measurement methodology;
  • measurement vehicle equipment design and testing;

q p g g;

  • intensive field strength measurement campaign for various terrain

configurations and usage;

  • processing and analysis of measurement and computer simulation
  • processing and analysis of measurement and computer simulation

results.

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Radiowave Propagation Modelling Radiowave Propagation Modelling

Novel High-Frequency Methods for Radiowave Propagation Modelling

Incorporation of edge diffraction into beam-tracing paradigm Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Electromagnetic Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility

We cooperate with: Central Technical Test Laboratory of Office of Electronic Communications - EU notified body (number 1466) under directives: RTTE (99/5/EC) and EMC (89/336/EEC): directives: RTTE (99/5/EC) and EMC (89/336/EEC):

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Electromagnetic Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility

We have developed (for Office of Electronic Communications):

  • software for automatic EMC measurements - antenna factor,

radiation patterns, VSWR, etc.

  • fast three antenna AF (antenna factor) measurement method
  • fast three-antenna AF (antenna factor) measurement method -

faster than original ANSI C63.5;

  • dedicated computer program for the measurement of NSA

(Normalized Site Attenuation) – original database concept for

  • rganised long-term storage of all measurement results,

configurations, and user-definable equipment control macro commands. Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Electromagnetic Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility

Example: Program for the measurement of Normalized Site Attenuation

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Antenna design and analysis Antenna design and analysis

  • broadband antenna design

g

  • computer modeling of antennas (XFDTD, SuperNEC)
  • custom antenna designs
  • new antenna materials (eg. textiles)

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Antenna design and analysis Antenna design and analysis

  • broadband antenna 600MHz – 4000MHz
  • broadband antenna 1200MHz – 4200MHz
  • collinear, high gain antenna redesign
  • textile antenna for bdy area network

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Antenna design and analysis Antenna design and analysis

Example: Spiral-discone broadband (multisystem) antenna design

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Ad hoc network simulation Ad-hoc network simulation

  • Computer modeling of radio wave propagation and traffic in

mobile ad hoc networks

  • Selection of routing

strategies (proactive, mobile ad-hoc networks g (p , reactive, hybrid) e.g. to minimize power consumption consumption We can prepare traffic and routing models and and routing models and simulation software for the needs of the project

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H d d i ith FPGA d i l Hardware design with FPGA and signal processors

Example projects:

  • ST-BUS switch for ISDN PABX exchange (Mitel

chipset)

  • Xilinx peripherials for TMS320 (Texas Instr )

Xilinx peripherials for TMS320 (Texas Instr.), DSP568xxx, MC9S12, HC16

  • Programmable 3-phase PWM signal generator

A ith ti d /d d (d t di )

  • Arithmetic coder/decoder (data coding)
  • LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch ) and DWT (Discrete

Wavelet Transform ) for forward and backward image coders

  • Smart antenna controller (RF + DSP) based on

Xilinx Virtex (ongoing project)

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Future of healthcare Future of healthcare

Telemedicine

Health Health

Bio Bio-

  • engineering

engineering

ICT ICT

engineering engineering

„….We are still living in the “mainframe” era of healthcare … what we need is …the healthcare equivalent to the low cost PC” Andy Grow, Intel Corp.

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Telemedical system structure Telemedical system structure

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Research problems in BAN systems Research problems in BAN systems

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Textile antenna for body area network Textile antenna for body area network

  • Clothing can be enhanced with new functions, which may improve the

f living standards of both healthy and disabled people.

  • Textronic products may be embedded in protection clothing for

persons working in extreme environmental conditions persons working in extreme environmental conditions

  • The need of constant communication with persons who are in

conditions of life hazard call for the application of suitable wireless systems in which it is desirable to integrate antennas with textile products.

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Textile antenna Textile antenna

  • Wearable antennas should preferably have an approximately

p y pp y

  • mnidirectional radiation pattern
  • Sufficient antenna gain is required to constrain power consumption and

simultaneously provide the required radio coverage.

  • Most designs of wearable antennas use conducting patches
  • Different approach is presented using wires embedded in nonwoven
  • Different approach is presented using wires embedded in nonwoven

textile materials.

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Textiles antennas Textiles antennas

Microstripe textile antennas: p

  • [Hertleer C., Rogier H., Langenhove L.V., A

Textile Antenna For Protective Clothing, Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Antennas and Propagation for Body Centric Wireless Communications, 2007 IET Seminar

  • n, 24-24 April 2007, 44-46 ]
  • [Klemm M., Troester G., Textile UWB Antennas

for Wireless Body Area Networks, IEEE Trans.

  • Antennas. Propag., 54 (2006), n.11, 3192–

3197] Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Textile antenna Textile antenna

  • The aim of the project was to design a textile antenna operating in the

p j g p g 2.4 – 2.5 GHz ISM band.

  • The impedance bandwidth of the antenna was defined for VSWR = 2.

The antenna was required to match the 50 Ω coaxial line.

  • Additionally, the designed structure must operate properly close to the

human body also when it is placed between layers of clothes human body, also when it is placed between layers of clothes.

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Textile antenna Textile antenna

  • Exponentially tapered Vee antenna constructed with textile materials
  • Conducting elements made of low resistance yarn based on copper

fibers

  • Flexible conducting elements were placed between two layers of

nonwovens manufactured from polyester (PES) fibers

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Textile antenna Textile antenna

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The construction of the antenna The construction of the antenna

  • The antenna was designed to match the 50 Ω feeding line in the 2.4 ÷

2.5 GHz ISM band.

  • The impedance bandwidth of the antenna defined for VSWR = 2 for
  • n-body location is within the frequencies fl = 2 377 GHz and f = 2 578
  • n body location is within the frequencies fl

2.377 GHz and fu 2.578 GHz.

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Antenna simulations Antenna simulations

phantom

  • Finite difference time domain

FDTD method

  • Remcom XFDTD software

phantom Remcom XFDTD software

  • Numerical human body model

– anthropomorphic phantom antenna

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Antenna simulations Antenna simulations

The radiation pattern of single textile antenna Gθ(ϕ,90°), X-Y plane, Gmax=3.15 dBi

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Gθ(ϕ,90 ), X Y plane, Gmax 3.15 dBi

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Antenna measurements Antenna measurements

  • The measurements of the input impedance and VSWR were carried
  • ut using Agilent E8802 vector network analyzer.
  • The measurements were made both for open space and on-body

location of the antenna location of the antenna.

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Antenna measurements Antenna measurements

  • The measurements of the antenna radiation

pattern were performed on an anthropomorphic phantom.

  • The phantom is made of thin fiberglass filled

with liquid

  • Water solution of saccharose and kitchen

Water solution of saccharose and kitchen salt was used of the electrical properties similar to the human tissues.

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Antenna measurements Antenna measurements

  • The antenna under test was fastened to a T-shirt on the phantom

Th h t ith th tt h d t l d t t bl

  • The phantom with the attached antenna was placed on a turntable on an open

area test site for radiation pattern measurements. Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Antenna measurements Antenna measurements

Measurement setup

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Antenna measurements Antenna measurements

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Measurements results Measurements results

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Textile antenna array Textile antenna array

  • Multiple antennas are used to transmit /

p receive signal

  • Radiation pattern depends on the number

and locations of antennas

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Computer simulation of antenna array radiation pattern

Th fi it diff ti

  • The finite difference time

domain method (FDTD) was used to calculate the was used to calculate the radiation pattern of textile antenna array

  • The elementary antennas

where placed in A ÷ F locations

41 The analysis of textile antenna array radiation pattern - Łukaz Januszkiewicz

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Simulations results

  • The radiation pattern of two antenna

array: A and B position Gθ(ϕ,90°), X Y l G 3 dBi

  • The radiation pattern of four antenna

array: A, B, C and D position Gθ(ϕ,90°), X Y plane G =4 8 dBi X-Y plane, , Gmax=3 dBi X-Y plane, , Gmax=4.8 dBi

42 The analysis of textile antenna array radiation pattern - Łukaz Januszkiewicz

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Simulations results Simulations results

  • The radiation pattern of two antenna

array: E and F position Gθ(ϕ,90°), X Y plane G =2 5 dBi

  • The radiation pattern of four antenna

array: A, D, E, F position Gθ(ϕ,90°), X-Y plane G =4 3 dBi X-Y plane, Gmax=2.5 dBi plane, Gmax=4.3 dBi

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Simulation results Simulation results

  • The original radiation pattern of the single antenna placed in the

g p g p front of the chest can be improved by adding one additional antenna at the opposite site.

One antenna Two antennas

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Simulation results Simulation results

  • Two antenna configuration gives the radiation pattern that is the

g g p closest to omnidirecional in XY plane.

  • The simulations were obtained for fixed distance between

antennas and the body.

  • Further research is planed to investigate the influence of the

variations of antenna to body distance on the radiation pattern.

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Computer simulation of body area radio transmission Computer simulation of body area radio transmission

  • The radio transmission was investigated for transmitters that operate

g p

  • n 2.4 GHz band in the area of human body
  • Computer simulations were used for estimation of RF signal

attenuation between two textiles antenna attenuation between two textiles antenna

  • Textile antenna radiation patterns for on shoe location were calculated

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The analysis of radio wave attenuation The analysis of radio wave attenuation

Various antenna locations phantom antenna

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Radiation pattern of textile antenna located on shoe Radiation pattern of textile antenna located on shoe

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The analysis of radio wave attenuation The analysis of radio wave attenuation

transmiter receiver attenuation [dB] 1 A 2 A 75 1A 3A 78 1B 2C 71 1A 4A 65 1B 4A 59 1B 4C 47 Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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The analysis of radio wave attenuation The analysis of radio wave attenuation

  • The radio wave attenuation is sensitive to the on body antenna

y localization

  • The results of computer simulations may be used to optimize antenna

location

  • The greatest attenuation 78 dB is for 1A and 3A configuration. The

smallest attenuation of 47 dB is for 1B and 4C antenna positions smallest attenuation of 47 dB is for 1B and 4C antenna positions.

  • 1B – 4C configuration might be used in prototype system to obtain a

effective consumption of energy

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Department of Fibre Physics and Textile Metrology Department of Fibre Physics and Textile Metrology

  • Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, TUL
  • The main area of research activity of the Department is textile metrology

y p gy and technology of textile materials for special applications:

– biomaterials, – protective equipment, – filtration, – construction and others.

  • Department is also a partner of Polish Technological Platform of Textile

Industry (PTPTI) and a Centre of Advanced Technologies of Human F i dl T til (PRO HUMANO TEX) Friendly Textiles (PRO HUMANO TEX).

  • Recent research is focused on fiber sensors and fiber materials of various

electrical parameters.

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electrical parameters.

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Department of Fibre Physics and Textile Metrology Department of Fibre Physics and Textile Metrology

  • Textile technologies of flexible sensors

g

  • Textile electrical connections
  • Materials for textile antennas and the technology of antenna assembly
  • Piezoelectric fibers and conducting printing technologies for fiber

sensing elements

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Example project Example project

THE NEW GENERATION FIREFIGHTERS THE NEW GENERATION FIREFIGHTERS CLOTHING WITH TEXTRONIC SYSTEM FOR MONITORING PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS PARAMETERS

The project is co-financed by the European Union European Regional Development Fund

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European Regional Development Fund

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New Generation Firefighter Uniform with textronic system for g y monitoring physiological parameters

  • Financed from E.U. Structural Funds and the Ministry of Science

Financed from E.U. Structural Funds and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

  • Sectoral Operational Programme Increase of the Competitiveness
  • f Enterprises, Action 1.4 Encouragement of cooperation in the

research and development field. Donation of the project number: WKP 1/1.4.4/1/2005/4/4/238 _

  • Project coordinator: Prof. Izabella Krucińska, Department of Fibre

Physics and Textile Metrology, Technical University of Lodz

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Example project Example project

  • The result of the project was elaborated unique firefighter uniform equipped in

kind of sensors allow to permanent monitoring: skin temperature heart kind of sensors allow to permanent monitoring: skin temperature, heart parameters, and move – stillness of monitored person.

  • Results of this project were awarded by silver medal on International Warsaw

Invention Show and by gold medal of The Belgian and International Trade Fair for Technological Innovation BRUSSELS-EUREKA CONTEST.

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System functions System functions

The clothing monitors the following parameters: g g p

  • Temperature of the skin
  • Temperature between skin and clothing
  • Outside temperature
  • Heart rate frequency
  • Mobility (move/ non move)

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System structure System structure

Radio link On body module Central unite

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Realization Realization

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Construction

Outside temperature

Temperature between skin and clothing

Module M1 M3 Module M1, M3 and M4 is located inside textile element Conection to M2 Conection to M5 element Conection to M2 Module M1 and textile antenna P l l

To charge Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Personal alarm

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Construction Construction

T til l t i l t d t Textile element is located to the jacked

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Construction Construction

Sensor to measure

  • utside temperature

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Construction Construction

Textile antenna

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System in operation System in operation

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System in operation System in operation

Fireman can

  • bserve the

history of your y y hart rate and temperature

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Software Software

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Current research Current research

  • Electronic moduls miniaturization
  • Flexible electronics

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Current research Current research

  • Algorithm of node localization for RF

g networks

  • Radiowave propagation analysis used to

improove system accuracy

  • Uses standard ZigBee nodes and RSS

readout readout

  • Limited reference points required

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Future research Future research

  • Propagation models for Body Area Networks

p g y

– various transmitters localization – Various frequencies – Various antennas

  • Textile antennas improovement for BAN

– Boroadband antenna Boroadband antenna – Electricaly small antenna

  • User localization system

– RF localization improovement – Multi-system localization Hermes Workshop, 9/10 September 2010 Lund

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Thank you for your attention

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