The Straits of Malacca The Straits of Malacca 2010. IMB REPORT - - PDF document

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YOSHIHIKO YAMADA YOSHIHIKO YAMADA TOKAI UNIVERSITY TOKAI UNIVERSITY

Marine Technology School Marine Technology School

United Nations Convention United Nations Convention

• n the Low of the Sea
• n the Low of the Sea

Article 100 Article 100

Duty to co Duty to co-

• operate in the repression of piracy
• perate in the repression of piracy

All States Shall co All States Shall co-

• operate to the fullest
• perate to the fullest

possible extent in the repression of piracy possible extent in the repression of piracy

• n the high seas or in any other place
• n the high seas or in any other place
• utside the jurisdiction of any State.
• utside the jurisdiction of any State.

Locations of ACTUAL and Locations of ACTUAL and ATTEMPTED attacks. ATTEMPTED attacks.

• 2010. IMB REPORT
• 2010. IMB REPORT

Total Total 445

445

South East ASIA 70 South East ASIA 70 South East ASIA 70 South East ASIA 70 (Malacca and Singapore Straits 5 ) (Malacca and Singapore Straits 5 ) (South China Sea 31 ) (South China Sea 31 ) Gulf of Aden 53 Gulf of Aden 53 Somalia 139 Somalia 139 Red Sea 25 Red Sea 25

The Straits of Malacca The Straits of Malacca

Key factors in the anti Key factors in the anti-

• piracy

piracy Protection Protection

1) Improved awareness of coastal nations about 1) Improved awareness of coastal nations about the piracy problem the piracy problem →Guidance from international organizations such Guidance from international organizations such as IMO and opening international piracy as IMO and opening international piracy as IMO, and opening international piracy as IMO, and opening international piracy seminars seminars 2) Reinforced guard and crackdowns by Coast 2) Reinforced guard and crackdowns by Coast Guard Agencies Guard Agencies →Development of human resources, better Development of human resources, better equipment such as patrol boats equipment such as patrol boats 3) International cooperation 3) International cooperation → →Information sharing, coordinated crackdowns Information sharing, coordinated crackdowns 4) Guidance on the voluntary guard of vessels 4) Guidance on the voluntary guard of vessels → →Voluntary guard, coordination with Coast Guard Voluntary guard, coordination with Coast Guard Agencies, refinement of action manuals Agencies, refinement of action manuals 5) Building society not inducing piracy 5) Building society not inducing piracy → →Departure from poverty, blocking circulation of Departure from poverty, blocking circulation of weapons weapons Rebel groups, counter Rebel groups, counter-

• terrorism measures

terrorism measures 6) Ensured security on the open sea 6) Ensured security on the open sea → →Creating a new global community system related Creating a new global community system related to the security on the open sea to the security on the open sea

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Building the guard system through Building the guard system through international cooperation, international cooperation, improvement of the flag of convenience improvement of the flag of convenience vessel system vessel system vessel system, vessel system, dealing with mixed boarding of dealing with mixed boarding of multi multi-

• national crews

national crews

Japan Coast Guard Japan Coast Guard

1) Cooperation to Maritime Security Agencies of 1) Cooperation to Maritime Security Agencies of respective Asian nations respective Asian nations Long Long-

• term dispatching of Coast Guard Officers to

term dispatching of Coast Guard Officers to the Philippines Malaysia and Indonesia the Philippines Malaysia and Indonesia the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia 2) Donating patrol boats 2) Donating patrol boats Donated 3 patrol boats to Indonesia's Maritime Donated 3 patrol boats to Indonesia's Maritime Police Police The Nippon Foundation donated a training boat The Nippon Foundation donated a training boat to Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency. to Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency.

World Maritime University (WMU) World Maritime University (WMU)

The scholarship by the Nippon Foundation The scholarship by the Nippon Foundation has officer candidates of each nation's has officer candidates of each nation's Guard Agencies study at WMU, the Guard Agencies study at WMU, the maritime maritime-

• focused graduate university that

focused graduate university that IMO operates (more than 20 were already IMO operates (more than 20 were already sent from the Philippines Coast Guard, sent from the Philippines Coast Guard, with some from Indonesia, Malaysia and with some from Indonesia, Malaysia and India) India)

ReCCAP ReCCAP

September 2006 September 2006:

: Regional Cooperation Agreement on Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia was put into against Ships in Asia was put into effect effect

1) Information Sharing Centre (ISC) was formed in 1) Information Sharing Centre (ISC) was formed in Singapore (in November 2006) Singapore (in November 2006) 2) Building information sharing and cooperation 2) Building information sharing and cooperation system through ISC (spotting suspects, attacked system through ISC (spotting suspects, attacked vessels and people, apprehension of suspects, vessels and people, apprehension of suspects, and seizure of suspicious vessels, and requests and seizure of suspicious vessels, and requests and seizure of suspicious vessels, and requests and seizure of suspicious vessels, and requests for rescue of victims) for rescue of victims) 3) Promotion of bilateral cooperation between 3) Promotion of bilateral cooperation between Contracting Parties not through ISC (extradition, Contracting Parties not through ISC (extradition, facilitating mutual legal assistance, and facilitating mutual legal assistance, and developing capabilities). developing capabilities).

PIRATES PIRATES OPRF

OPRF

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• ff Somalia Coast
• ff Somalia Coast

(1) I ssues (1) I ssues 1) Because the Straits of Malacca is the territorial 1) Because the Straits of Malacca is the territorial waters of coastal nations, there exist nations that waters of coastal nations, there exist nations that have the authority to guard there. have the authority to guard there. →Somalia Coast is on the high seas, responsibility to Somalia Coast is on the high seas, responsibility to g , p y g , p y have to guard there belongs to no nation. have to guard there belongs to no nation. 2) Circulation of weapons cannot be cracked down in 2) Circulation of weapons cannot be cracked down in Somalia Somalia 3) Those nations that guard pirates do not have 3) Those nations that guard pirates do not have relevant laws at home to judge pirates relevant laws at home to judge pirates →There are many cases where suspicious pirates are le There are many cases where suspicious pirates are le go free even if they are carrying weapons go free even if they are carrying weapons

4) The maritime security systems are 4) The maritime security systems are immature in the neighboring nations immature in the neighboring nations including Yemen, Djibouti, and Kenya including Yemen, Djibouti, and Kenya 5) Pirates appear everywhere on a broad 5) Pirates appear everywhere on a broad range of waters range of waters range of waters range of waters 6) Many hostages are detained all the time, 6) Many hostages are detained all the time, so use of armed force against the pirates so use of armed force against the pirates is not a good option. is not a good option. 7) The weak collaboration among respective 7) The weak collaboration among respective nations guarding there nations guarding there

Conclusion Conclusion

I nternational cooperation system I nternational cooperation system

• 1. Common awareness of maritime
• 1. Common awareness of maritime

safety safety

• 2. Regularly on the table to discuss
• 2. Regularly on the table to discuss

collaborative relationship collaborative relationship

• 3. I mplementing collaborative guard
• 3. I mplementing collaborative guard

activities activities

• 4. Verification required for the
• 4. Verification required for the

consequence of international consequence of international cooperation cooperation

THE SEA THE SEA The common heritage The common heritage The common heritage The common heritage

• f Mankind
• f Mankind