The Stream Hierarchy Inheritance of istream and ostream from ios - - PDF document

• 17. Input/Output Mechanism: Standard

IO, File IO Standard Input/Output

stdin cin stdout cout stderr cerr Input/Output Streams: istream & ostream Input/Output of Built-in Types Input/Output of User-defined Types

The Stream Hierarchy

Inheritance of istream and ostream from ios ios istream

• stream

Stream States

class ios { //... public: int eof() const; // end of file seen int fail() const; // next operation will fail int bad() const; // Stream corrupted int good() const; // next operation might succeed };

Formatting Output

class ios { public : //... int width(int w); // set field width int width() const; // return field width char fill(char); // set fill character char fill() const; // return fill character int precision(int); // set floating point precision int precision() const;

};

Manipulators

• setw
• setfill
• setprecision
• oct
• hex
• dec
• setbase

Files and Streams

ifstream & ofstream ifstream ifobj (“filename”);

• fstream ofobj (“filename”, ios::out | ios::nocreate);
• pen and close functions

Flags:

• nocreate
• in
• out
• noreplace

Lab Work: Details provided on-line.