Thermo Scientific microPHAZIR AS Asbestos Analysis 1 Company - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Company Confidential 1

Thermo Scientific microPHAZIR AS

Asbestos Analysis

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Thermo Scientific: Portable Optical Analysis

5000+ handheld instruments deployed worldwide

• Pharmaceutical and Chemical
• Safety and Security
• Aviation and Checkpoint Security

Identification

What is it?

Authentication

Is this substance what it claims to be?

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Why Asbestos?

Used in over 3000 products

• Joint compound
• Texture coatings
• Vinyl floor tiles, sheeting, adhesives
• Ceiling tiles
• Roofing tars, felts, siding, and shingles
• Piping and piping insulation
• Fireproofing (fire doors)
• Fire blankets
• Caulk
• Gaskets
• Brake pads and shoes
• Clutch plates
• Thermal pipe insulation
• Head gaskets and gaskets for many engines
• Heat resistance applications
• Wear resistance applications

Use Volume (1994) Cement products 70% Vinyl asbestos flooring 10% Friction products 7% Gaskets and packings 3% Paints, roof coating caulks 2% Filter media 2% Asbestos textiles 1% Other <1%

Domestic consumption of asbestos was ~800,000 metric tons in 1973, dropped to about 2,400 metric tons by 2005

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Define Asbestos

• The term asbestos is a generic

designation referring to six types of naturally occurring silicate mineral fibers

• Amosite, Crocidolite, Chrysotile, Actinolite,

Tremolite, Anthophyllite.

• >95% of all asbestos production is

Chrysotile [Mg3Si2O5(OH)4]

• Russia, Canada, China, Brazil,

Kazakhstan, and Zimbabwe

• Asbestos fiber advantages
• High tensile strength
• Flexible
• High length to diameter ratio
• Thermal stability
• Low conductivity

Asbestos Fibrous Serpentine Fibrous Amphibole Chrysotile Amosite Tremolite Actinolite Crocidolite Anthophyllite

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Asbestos hazards

• Inhalation
• Particles 5-30 microns can lodge in lungs
• Asbestos readily breaks into smaller particles
• Immune system response depends on fiber type and dimensions
• Fibrosis
• Lung tumors
• Mesothelioma and other cancers
• Ingestion
• Suspected as a carcinogen
• Skin contact
• Fibrotic cysts

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US Regulations - Federal

• National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
• Authorized by Clean Air Act in 1970
• 40 CFR Part 61 and 63
• Prohibits the construction or modification of “stationary” sources that may

potentially introduce hazardous material into the air

• Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA)
• Authorized by Toxic Substances Control Act in 1986
• Rules and regulations to govern use of Asbestos including bans and phase
• ut (modified in 1990s due to appeals of original bans)
• 40 CFR Part 763
• Catalyzed by presence of asbestos in schools
• Provides guidelines for inspection, analysis methods and asbestos

management/abatement (1% threshold)

• Enabled the creation of the asbestos inspection and abatement industry

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US Regulations - Accreditation

• Inspector / Abatement licensing and procedures
• State EPA and/or Department of Labor provides licensing services
• Regulations vary state by state but generally follow federal guidelines
• National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)
• Part of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
• Provides third-party accreditation to testing and calibration laboratories
• Programs are established in response to Congressional mandates,

administrative actions of the Federal Government and private sector requests

• Asbestos related fields of accreditation include PLM and TEM labs based
• n asbestos standards
• Asbestos related associations:
• American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA www.aiha.org)
• Environmental Information Association (EIA www.eia-usa.org)

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Current Testing Methods

• Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) – uses polarized light to determine

presence of asbestos fibers

• Utilized for analysis of bulk material submitted from a site inspection
• Quantification of asbestos is carried out by a statistical method (point

counting) for low concentration samples

• OSHA and EPA approved method for determination of bulk asbestos

(NIOSH 9002, CARB 435, EPA/600/R-93/116)

• Lab Cost: $5 - $20 per layer (depends on turnaround time)
• Limits of Detection: 0.25% - 1% depending on PLM method

Source: Federal EPA and OSHA

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Current Testing Methods

• Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
• Utilized for airborne asbestos analysis and smaller asbestos particles (<5um)
• Requires a more sophisticated machine and operator
• Quantitative method of detecting asbestos
• OSHA and EPA approved method for determination of bulk asbestos

(EPA/600/R-93/116, EPA-LIBBY-03)

• Required for “final clearance” before re-entry in schools under AHERA
• Lab Cost: $50 - $150 (depends on turnaround time)
• Limits of Detection: 0.0001% - 1% (depending on if fibers can be separated

from matrix)

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Asbestos: Chemical Structure

• Chrysotile: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
• OH band at ~1400 nm
• Position and splitting influenced by

local ions and matrix

• Ions are specific to each type of

asbestos

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Near Infrared Functional Group Correlations

microPHAZIR analysis spectral region

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Spectra of Asbestos Standards

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microPHAZIR Near-Infrared

Measurement time: Less than 10 seconds Spectral Range: 1320-1440 nm Sampling Mode: Non-contact diffuse reflectance Weight: 2.75 lbs (1.25 kg) Enclosure : High-strength dust proof plastic housing Source: Tungsten light bulb, safe for operators and sample integrity Data Storage: All data is stored on internal memory and can be downloaded to PC Computer Interface: USB cable Operating Temp Range: 5 to 40°C (non-condensing) Power: Batteries: Two Quick Change Lithium Ion batteries (4.5 hour run-time)

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Spectrometer: MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical System)

Refl eflec ectance Li Light S ght Sour

• urce

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NIR Advantages

• Fast analysis (3 – 5 sec)
• Real-time, onsite monitoring
• No sample preparation, simple to operate
• No waste, no pollution
• Simultaneous determination of multiple components per measurement
• Precise, accurate, reproducible results
• Transferable Methods

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Screening Detection Limits

Asbestos Fiber Detection Limits * Chrysotile >1% Anthophyllite >1% Tremolite >1% Actinolite >1% Amosite/ Crocidolite (same spectral features) >1%

• Detection limits were determined by analyzing asbestos reference standards

with known concentration ranges as determined by microscopy

• Sample matrix vary from region and can effect detection limits

* Detection limit is dependent on sample matrix material

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Conclusion

• Cost-effective asbestos screening
• Rapid and accurate results for fast screening in the field or sorting facility
• Portable, small and lightweight designed for non-expert users
• Non-contact sampling minimizes cross-contamination