Today's Goals: *Explain how Egypt was united *Describe the - - PDF document

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Sep 23­10:41 AM

~Land of the Pharaohs~

Sep 23­10:42 AM

Today's Goals:

*Explain how Egypt was united

*Describe the pharaoh's central role in Egyptian development and life *Describe hieroglyphics, the Egyptian

system of writing *Analyze the Egyptian economy

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Sep 24­7:43 AM

Long ago....

Along the Nile there were separate villages, with separate leaders, with separate rules.

Sep 24­7:43 AM

Then...

Some villages joined together under the leadership of kings; there had been many wars between the

villages.

Upper Egypt Lower

Egypt

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Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #1

­ p.74:

How were the people of those first farming communities along the

Nile governed? How did community government

change over time?

Modern­day Nile Sep 24­7:57 AM

Then....

Around 3100 B.C.,

Menes (the king of

Upper Egypt) took

• ver the Nile Delta.

He wore a double

crown after the

• victory. Egypt was

unified.

O

N

E E

G

Y P

T

Menes becomes

the first

pharaoh

• f Egypt...

~Old Kingdom~

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Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #2

­ p.75: What was the outcome of the war?

What do we call the first period of Egyptian unity and how long did it last?

Sep 24­11:38 AM

The powerful PHARAOH resided

in capital city,

Memphis

­

modern­day Cairo. There were

male and female pharaohs.

Governors carried out the

pharaoh's orders.

The Pharaoh controlled

EVERYTHING in Egypt!

The pharaoh...

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Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #3

­ p.76: Who was the undisputed head of

Egypt?

What was the role of the area

governors?

Sep 24­12:03 PM

Religion in Ancient Egypt..

Pharaoh = child of the sun god "Ra" Ra gave life to the earth. Why would the pharaoh insist that he or she should also be worshipped? Isis protected people from sickness or harm. Her husband, Osiris, represented the dead who awaited rebirth . Why do you think Osiris was such an important god to the pharaohs?

The afterlife...

Ancient Egyptians believed that when you died, you went to the "Next Life." They also believed that you took everything with you from your current life; therefore, belongings were buried with the dead! Why do you think that pharaohs had such elaborate tombs??

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Sep 24­12:23 PM

Preparing for death...

*Mummification

http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/home.html

Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #4

­ p.77: Who was the most important god to the ancient Egyptians? Why? How was the pharaoh like Ra?

What did the Egyptians believe about life after death? How did they prepare?

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Sep 25­7:53 AM

Pharaoh was considered a god, so...

All things in Egypt belonged to him or her. The pharaoh was the center of Egypt's economy. e·con·o·my noun

• 1. the wealth and resources of a

country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services.

Agriculture­based economy:

• 1. Farmed
• 2. Taxed
• 3. Pharaoh got most of it

Taxes.... Filing taxes...

Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #5

­ p.77: Egypt's Economy

What is an economy?

Who was the most important person to Egypt's economy and on what was it based? What was taxed in Egypt?

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Sep 25­8:06 AM

The Writing System: Hieroglyphics

HANDOUT:

• 1. Can you write your name?
• 2. Write the name of your favorite animal.

Sep 25­3:29 PM

Scribes

In what ways do we use writing

today?

How do you think ancient Egyptians used writing? Was it an honor to be a scribe?

Only boys could be scribes!

What is this plant called?

Today:

Scribes began training in boyhood! They worked on that specific skill.

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Sep 25­3:47 PM

Rosetta Stone

The code to the Egyptian hieroglyphics was lost! Until.... In 1799 a French soldier found the

stone in the Nile Delta. On it were

three languages:

• 1. Greek
• 2. Egyptian Hieroglyphics
• 3. Demotic (another type of Egyptian

writing)

**THE SECRET OF

HIEROGLYPHICS WAS

UNLOCKED!

Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #6 ­ p.78: What are hieroglyphs?

Why did they develop hieroglyphics?

What was a scribe?

How were scribes an example of specialization in Egypt?

How did they learn their skill?

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Sep 25­4:17 PM

Pyramids = tombs for pharaohs

STATS (Great Pyramid): 100,000+ people worked on

• ne pyramid

20+ years of labor to create Millions

• f stone blocks

Each block = 2.5 tons For the pharaoh, Khufu A HUGE expense!

The Great Pyramid

Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #7

­ p.79: Why were the pyramids built? How demanding was building the

pyramids, in terms of the cost in

time and resources?

How successful would you predict robbers or others would be in getting into the tombs?

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Sep 25­4:30 PM

Problems...

Old kingdom pharaohs, like Khufu, demanded massive building projects. The projects took a toll on Egypt's economy and on its people. People started getting angry, and the new capital was

• Thebes. The

country was divided, and the Old

Kingdom came to an end.

Sep 23­10:44 AM

CHECKPOINT #8

­ p.80: Why did anger grow in the Old

Kingdom?

What happened as a result?

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Sep 23­10:44 AM

REVIEW:

Why is Menes remembered as a major figure in ancient Egypt? How would you describe the role the pharaoh played in Egypt? What role did hieroglyphics play in Egypt? How did the government's demand for people's labor affect Egypt?