SLIDE 1
INTEGRALE MOBIELE PROCESWATERVOORZIENING VOOR EEN ECONOMISCHE DELTA
Treatment and reuse of condensate with IMPROVED: The YARA case Paul Van Elslande (Ghent University)
SLIDE 2 OVERVIEW
- 1. IMPROVED advantages
- 2. Problem statement – stream analysis Yara
- 3. Technology selection
- 4. Experiments
➢
Lab scale
➢
From lab to pilot scale
➢
Pilot scale
- 5. What’s up next?
- 6. Connect to IMPROVED
SLIDE 3 IMPROVED ADVANTAGES WATER TREATMENT: ULTRA-VERSATILE
SOURCE Pretreatment
Treatment
Post-treatment
SLIDE 4
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES WATER TREATMENT: PLUG & PLAY
Easy plug in from process stream Easy switching between technologies
SLIDE 5
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES SENSORING
pH Conductivity Flow Pressure Temperature TOC Sodium Silica DCC Free chlorine
SLIDE 6
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES ONLINE
Data logging
SLIDE 7
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES ONLINE
Control from distance
SLIDE 8
IMPROVED ADVANTAGES MOBILE
SLIDE 9
THE YARA CASE
SLIDE 10 STREAM ANALYSIS YARA CONDENSATE QUALITY
Condensate 1 (C1) ➢ Aim: Water reuse / nutrient recovery Parameter Average value (mg/L) NH4
+
15 NO3
Parameter Average value (mg/L) NH4
+
350 MeOH 300 MDEA 8 TOC 300 Condensate 2 (C2) ➢ Technologies needed that separate selectively separate ions and TOC from the water: Reverse omosis, electrodialysis & membrane distillation / stripping
SLIDE 11
TECHNOLOGY SELECTION OVERVIEW
Driving force Membrane Mechanism Reverse osmosis (RO) Pressure difference Dense semi permeable membrane Transport of water Electrodialysis (ED) Electrochemical potential difference Dense ion exchange membrane Transport of ions Membrane distillation (MD) / membrane stripping (MS) Temperature difference / pH difference Porous hydrophobic membrane Transport of volatiles
SLIDE 12
EXPERIMENTS LAB SCALE
Condensate 1 (C1) – Rejection / removal efficiencies ➢ Batch experiments → Upscaling needed RO ED MD NH4+ 93% 97% 99% NO3- 86% 92% 99% RO ED MS NH4+ 95% 84% 94% Condensate 2 (C2) – Rejection / removal efficiencies
SLIDE 13
EXPERIMENTS FROM LAB TO PILOT SCALE
fOTOS?
RO ED MD
SLIDE 14
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Reverse osmosis
SLIDE 15
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Reverse osmosis Feed Permeate Rejection (%) Recovery (%) Time (hours) NH4+ (mg/L) NO3- (mg/L) NH4+ (mg/L) NO3- (mg/L) NH4+ NO3- 75 17.8 78.5 0.2 17 99% 78% 22 18.6 82.8 0.5 18.3 97% 78% 49 20 91.3 0.2 17.4 99% 81% 80 3 49.3 191 1.7 15.6 97% 92% 27 40.6 173 0.4 29.5 99% 83% 47 40.5 170 0.8 24.5 98% 86% 85 4 40 158 0.7 19.3 98% 88% 52 25.5 115 0.3 24.1 99% 79%
SLIDE 16
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Electrodialysis: Feed & bleed mode
SLIDE 17
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Electrodialysis: Continuous mode
SLIDE 18
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Electrodialysis: Feed & bleed vs. continuous mode Diluate in Diluate out Removal (%) NH4+ (mg/L) NO3- (mg/L) NH4+ (mg/L) NO3- (mg/L) NH4+ NO3- Feed & bleed 6.2 39 1.2 3.5 81% 91% Continuous 12 57 3.7 16 68% 73%
SLIDE 19
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Membrane distillation Feed Permeate Rejection (%) Time (hours) NH4+ (mg/L) NO3- (mg/L) NH4+ (mg/L) NO3- (mg/L) NH4+ NO3- 21.9 107 4.2 12.5 81% 88% 5 31.4 151 2.4 6.5 92% 96% 24 37.8 182 0.6 1.4 98% 99% 26.5 48 232 0.7 0.6 99% 100% 28 48.2 235 1 0.8 98% 100%
SLIDE 20
WHAT’S UP NEXT? STREAM C1
➢ Reverse osmosis ➢ Not suitable for this stream due to high fluctuations in product quality ➢ Electrodialysis ➢ Best performer on water production ➢ Decent water quality ➢ Membrane distillation ➢ Best product quality ➢ Fluxes very low RO ED MD Specific electrical energy consumption (kWh/m³) 0.58 0.10 2.78 ➢ Energy requirements needed:
SLIDE 21
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C2
Reverse osmosis
Feed RO Permeate Recovery (%) NH4+ (mg/L) MDEA (mg/L) MeOH (mg/L) NH4+ (mg/L) MDEA (mg/L) MeOH (mg/L) 70 1 092 40 994 92 <1 659 75 1 570 20 677 95 <1 677 80 1 398 17 882 86 <1 901 85 1 467 24 959 90 <1 989
SLIDE 22
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C2
Electrodialysis Diluate in Diluate out Setting product quality (µS/cm) NH4+ (mg/L) MDEA (mg/L) MeOH (mg/L) NH4+ (mg/L) MDEA (mg/L) MeOH (mg/L) 400 383 13 775 75 2.7 1 115 200 145 2.7 713 45 2 775 100 103 2.7 107 31.1 1.9 863 50 120 <1 1 282 13 <1 1 129 25 65 5 1 061 10 <1 1 193
SLIDE 23
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Membrane stripping Feed Permeate time (hours) NH4+ MDEA MeOH NH4+ MDEA MeOH 12 8 960 645 < 1 405 1 29 12 750 1 055 < 1 525 20 3 9 1 040 2 010 < 1 1 415 23 3 7 1 040 2 460 < 1 1 095 25 1 12 1 235 2 610 < 1 1 070 47 3 9 1 030 3 280 < 1 1 015 49 4 9 1 180 3 550 < 1 1 190 51 2 14 955 3 420 < 1 1035 68 37 19 945 3 850 < 1 985 70 5 9 1 175 3 965 < 1 1 085 72 10 7 975 3 920 < 1 1 100
SLIDE 24
EXPERIMENTS PILOT SCALE EXPERIMENTS – STREAM C1
Membrane stripping 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 20 40 60 80 Concentration NH4+ (mg/L) Time (hours) Permeate Feed
SLIDE 25
WHAT’S UP NEXT? STREAM C2
➢ Reverse osmosis ➢ Selective MDEA removal ➢ No upconcentration of ammonium ➢ Electrodialysis ➢ Partially selective MDEA removal ➢ No upconentration of ammonium ➢ Membrane stripping ➢ Selective MDEA removal ➢ Upconcentration of the ammonium ➢ Extra technique needed for removal of methanol: Cation exchange resin before membrane stripping
SLIDE 26
CONNECT TO IMPROVED?
➢ Set-up will be accessible after project ➢ Can be used in other projects at maintenance cost ➢ Solving difficult research questions with regards to
water quality
➢ Testing ground for novel technology
SLIDE 27 CONTACT
Arne Verliefde Professor Universiteit Gent Arne.Verliefde@Ugent.be 09/264.60.02