University/Research Institute-Industry Linkages in Two Chinese - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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University/Research Institute-Industry Linkages in Two Chinese - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 31, 2022 116 likes •272 views

University/Research Institute-Industry Linkages in Two Chinese Cities: Commercializing Technological Innovation Kun Chen Martin Kenney Graduate Student Professor Dept. of Anthropology

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University/Research Institute-Industry Linkages in Two Chinese Cities: Commercializing Technological Innovation

Kun Chen Martin Kenney Graduate Student Professor

  • Dept. of Anthropology Dept. of Human and

UC Berkeley Community Development UC Davis

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Outline

  • Theoretical issues
  • Historical background
  • Current situation
  • Beijing and Shenzhen
  • Conclusion
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Theoretical issues

  • Innovation system and economy
  • Role of universities and research institutes

(URIs)

  • URI-industry linkages
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Historical background

  • Before the 15th century: global leader
  • The 15th—1949: China’s decline and the

Communist victory

  • 1950’s—1978:Socialist period
  • Since 1978: Reforms
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Reforms

  • Market-oriented economy
  • “Open door policy”
  • Decentralization
  • Private ownership
  • Linkages between research and

production

  • -Torch program, high technology cluster,

R&D centers

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R&D Statistics (RMB Billion)

Note: Data compiled from the China Science and Technology Statistics Net

0.6 34.9 1995 1.31 1.23 1.09 1.0 0.83 0.7 0.68 0.6

R&D/GDP (percent)

154 128.8 104.3 89.6 67.9 55.1 50.9 40.5

R&D Expenditure

2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996

Year

34.9 40.5 50.9 55.1 67.9 89.6 104.3 128.8 154

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

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R&D (2003) (RMB100 million)

Source: China Science and Technology Statistics Net

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Current situation (2003)

  • R&D: RMB154 billion, 1.31% of GDP
  • 53 national high-tech zones

Revenue: RMB2,094 billion (240 times than 1991) Number of high-tech companies: 32,857 (13 times)

  • Publication: Fifth (15th in 1990)
  • Patent: Chinese patent applicants more than

foreign applicants in China

  • Technology contracts: RMB88 billion (9 times)
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Things Have Changed in China and No Where More than Shenzhen

Source: Shenzhen Government Net

1980’s 1990’s 2000’s

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  • GDP in total is No.5 in the

country.

  • GDP per capita was $6510 in
  • 2003. It remains the highest in

the country.

  • Major industry: high-tech and

manufacturing.

  • Affiliation with Hong Kong
  • GDP in total is No.2 in the

country.

  • GDP per capita was $3074 in

2003.

  • Major industry: high-tech and

service. Economic strength

  • Special economic zone.
  • A successful model of the

economic reforms.

  • Capital city.
  • Political, cultural and S&T center
  • f the country.

City’s Major function

  • Became a city in 1979.
  • Had a history as a city for two

thousand years.

  • Served as the capital city in

several dynasties. Historical background

Shenzhen Beijing

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Beijing Shenzhen

  • Shenzhen High-tech Industrial

Park (SHIP).

  • Zhongguancun Science Park

(ZGC). High-tech cluster

  • Lack of URIs before 1990’s.
  • Set up the virtual campus and

university town in late 1990’s.

  • R&D expenditure was RMB 7

billion in 2003.

  • Local high-tech firms are active

such as Huawei, ZTE.

  • Invention patent moved up to No.3

in the country in 2003.

  • Center of the best URIs in the

country.

  • R&D expenditure was RMB 25

billion in 2003.

  • URIs and MNC/indigenous high-

tech enterprises are active in R&D.

  • R&D, publication, invention patent

and technology contract value remain the highest in the country. S&T strength

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Beijing Shenzhen

  • The virtual campus and university

town are located in SHIP.

  • URI-affiliated research institutes

serve as the bases of R&D, professional edu cation, and technology transfer/industrialization.

  • Major mode: technology transfer

and licensing through cooperation with local companies.

  • URIs are concentrated in ZGC.
  • Technology transfer activities

through TLO offices at URIs.

  • URI-affiliated enterprises such as

PKU’s Founder, CAS’s Lenovo, THU’s Tongfang.

  • University science parks such as

THU Science Park, PKU Science Park, BUAA Science Park.

  • Major mode: spin-off and

university science park. URI- industry linkages

  • THU, PKU, CAS started to set up

research institutes or graduate schools in the middle and late 1990’s.

  • Elite URIs in the country such as

THU, PKU, CAS. URI

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Beijing Shenzhen

Traditional URIs

URIs’ spin-offs and university science parks Industrialization and commercialization of technological innovation

URI-affiliated research institutes and virtual campus Industrialization and commercialization of technological innovation Local high-tech enterprises URIs in other regions High-tech industrial growth with no URIs

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Conclusion

  • URIs’ contribution to China’s economy

– Education, research, advising government. – Technology commercialization

  • URI-affiliated firms
  • University science parks
  • Joint projects
  • Licensing
  • Beijing and Shenzhen with different

endowments develop different strategies

  • Challenges