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Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015 Update on recent mercury monitoring activities in Japan Kohji Marumoto National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD) Noriyuki Suzuki National Institute for Environmental studies (NIES) Naoki Wada

SLIDE 1

Update on recent mercury monitoring activities in Japan

Kohji Marumoto National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD) Noriyuki Suzuki National Institute for Environmental studies (NIES) Naoki Wada Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ)

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

SLIDE 2

Monitoring Sites

Cape Hedo Kashiwazaki (NIIT) (MOEJ and NIES) Omaezaki Kyushu 3 sites

Fukuoka Hirado Minamata

NIMD Others Akita (New) (MOEJ)

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

SLIDE 3

Objectives of our activities:

Monitoring current levels of mercury (Hg) in air, airborne

particles and precipitation;

To obtain long term trend on wet and dry deposition fluxes of

Hg in Japan;

To obtain useful information on the long-range transportation
f Hg in Asia-Pacific region;
Development of monitoring methodologies and technologies;
To contribute to international efforts in atmospheric Hg

monitoring

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

SLIDE 4

Mercury

bservation sites

by NIMD Minamata Hirado Fukuoka Omaezaki (Shizuoka)

December 2013 Start Continuous monitoring for atmospheric Hg TGM using NIC Hg monitor

Since March 2011

GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) using TEKRAN

Since March 2012

Manual sampling for GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) 6 or 8 days a month (semi-diurnal)

Until Dec., 2013

6 or 8 days in each season (semi-diurnal)

Until May 2014

Weekly sampling (4 times a month) (Sampling is carried

ut at every Tuesday

since December, 2013.) Wet deposition (T-Hg, MMHg) PBM (Total) in the air using FP method*

Since Sep., 2008

Wet deposition (T-Hg) PBM (Total) in the air using FP method*

Since June 2011

Wet deposition (T-Hg) PBM (Total) in the air using FP method*

Since June 2013

Wet deposition (T-Hg) PBM (Total) in the air using FP method*

Since Dec., 2013

Others Meteorological parameters CO Meteorological parameters Meteorological parameters

Collaboration with

ther organizations

Meteorological parameters * FP method : Filter Pack method

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

SLIDE 5

Mercury

bservation sites

by Others Hedo, Okinawa (MOEJ and NIES) Akita (MOEJ) Kashiwazaki (NIIT)

Continuous monitoring for atmospheric Hg GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) using TEKRAN

Since October 2007

GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) using TEKRAN

From Sep, 2014

GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) using TEKRAN

Since July 2010

Manual sampling for GEM, GOM and PBM(<2.5μm) Weekly sampling Wet deposition (T-Hg)

Since April 2008

Wet deposition (T-Hg)

From Sep, 2014

Wet deposition (T-Hg) PBM (Total) in the air using FP method* From July, 2014 Others Meteorological parameters

Collaboration with

ther organizations

Meteorological parameters Meteorological parameters * FP method : Filter Pack method Hg analysis have been carried out by NIMD.

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

SLIDE 6

Wet Hg deposition fluxes at 5 sites in Japan (1)

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

From May 2014 to April 2015 (preliminary data)

Site VWM conc. (ng/L) Annual wet Hg deposition (μg/m2/yr) Annual rainfall (mm) Minamata 9.1 18.31 2014 Hirado 6.8 14.45 2139 Fukuoka 7.8 12.13 1550 Omaezaki 6.7 12.48 1873 Kashiwazaki * 6.6 18.74 2832

* From July 2014 to April 2015 (10 months)

SLIDE 7

Wet Hg deposition fluxes at 5 sites in Japan (2)

y = 7.7888x + 51.45 R² = 0.7605

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 100 200 300 400

Weekly wet Hg deposition flux (ng/m2/week) Weekly precipitation depth (mm)

Minamata

y = 4.9064x + 84.217 R² = 0.7133

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 100 200 300 400

Weekly wet Hg deposition flux (ng/m2/week) Weekly precipitation depth (mm)

Hirado

y = 4.7641x + 110.53 R² = 0.5921

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 100 200 300 400

Weekly wet Hg deposition flux (ng/m2/week) Weekly precipitation depth (mm)

Fukuoka

y = 3.4569x + 125.18 R² = 0.4508

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 100 200 300 400

Weekly wet Hg deposition flux (ng/m2/week) Weekly precipitation depth (mm)

Omaezaki

y = 5.956x + 44.616 R² = 0.7465

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 100 200 300 400

Weekly wet Hg deposition flux (ng/m2/week) Weekly precipitation depth (mm)

Kashiwazaki

SLIDE 8

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

Annual trend of Wet Hg deposition fluxes at Minamata

2000 4000 6000 8000

Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 Mar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09 Mar-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Dec-10 Mar-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 Mar-12 Jun-12 Sep-12 Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15

Wet Hg flux (ng/m2) 10 20 30 40

Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 Mar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09 Mar-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Dec-10 Mar-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 Mar-12 Jun-12 Sep-12 Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15

Deposition Concentration

Observational duration VWM concentration (ng/ L) Annual Precipitation (m m ) September 2008 – August 2009

6.1

1755.0 September 2009 – August 2010

5.9

2306.8 June 2011 – May 2012

6.1

2663.1 June 2012 – May 2013

7.0

2205.3 June 2013 – May 2014

7.6

1810.7 June 2014 – April 2015 (11 months)

9.4

1832.4

SLIDE 9

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Sep. 2008 - Aug. 2009 Sep. 2009 - Aug. 2010 Jun. 2011 - May, 2012 Jun. 2012 - May, 2013 Jun. 2013 - May, 2014 Jun. 2014 - May, 2015

VWM Hg concentration (ng/L) Cold season Warm season

Seasonal variation of VWM Hg concentration at Minamata and Hirado

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

Minamata

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Sep. 2008 - Aug. 2009 Sep. 2009 - Aug. 2010 Jun. 2011 - May, 2012 Jun. 2012 - May, 2013 Jun. 2013 - May, 2014 Jun. 2014 - May, 2015

VWM Hg concentration (ng/L) Cold season Warm season

Hirado

SLIDE 10

Minam ata

Mt. Aso
Mt. Shinmoe
Mt. Sakurajima

Kuchinoerabu Island Suwanose Island

The volcanos in Kyushu islands are active in these days !

Mt. Sakurajima

(2011/7/10)

The monthly integrated number of the eruption from

Mt. Sakurajima (gray)

(Year/Month)

Mt. Aso

(2015/1/20)

Hirado

SLIDE 11

Summary of today’s talk:

The latest data on annual volume-weighted mean Hg

concentrations in the wet depositions at five sites in Japan were

presented. The VWM concentrations were around 7 ng/L except

for Minamata.

The annual VWM concentrations at Minamata increased in recent
years. In addition, the significant increase was observed during the

warm season (From June to October) in 2013 and 2014 and the cold season from December 2014 to April 2015.

Minamata is located near the volcanos which is more active in

these days. Thus, one possible explanation of the increase of VWM Hg concentrations was volcanic activities in the southern Kyushu islands.

Workshop on APMMN in Minamata, 22-23 June 2015

SLIDE 12

Pacif ific ic h high Co Cold ld A Air ir

Wet airmass from southwest

Rainy front

Surface boundary layer Atmospheric boundary layer (Mixing layer) Free troposphere 1-2km

Subtropical westerlies

Vertical distribution of troposphere