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Vzkumn stav geodetick, topografick a kartografick, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy Milan Talich, .Lubomr Soukup, Jan Havrlant,

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Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Milan Talich, .Lubomír Soukup, Jan Havrlant, Klára Ambrožová, Ondřej Böhm, Filip Antoš

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

26th International Cartographic Conference, August 25 - 30, 2013, Dresden

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A typical III. Military Survey map sheet

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Outline

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • Motivation and objectives
  • Proposed georeferencing procedure
  • Data capture
  • Results
  • Accuracy assesment
  • Conclusions

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Motivation

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Importance of maps of the Third Military Survey

  • cover most of central and southern Europe
  • long period of usability –

almost 80 years

  • many emissions and revisions up to 1959
  • most requested old maps in the Czech Republic
  • frequently used by historicians, environmentalists,

urbanists, ...

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Objectives

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Availability of the old military maps on Internet

  • comparison

with contemporary maps

  • precise georeferencing
  • access through Web Map Services
  • usability in client GIS

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Overlap of the III. Military Survey map with a contemporary map

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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State of the art

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Significant positional differences have encountered.

  • usual result : 90 –

130 m discrepancy (4 - 5 mm in a map sheet)

  • best result untill now: 40 m discrepancy

(2 mm in a map sheet)

  • impossible visual comparison
  • impossible usage by WMS
  • unknown causer of the big discrepancy
  • worse than in the II. Military Survey

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Positional errors on trigonometric points in the Third Military Survey

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

Lake Štítarský near Městec Králové – contemporary orthophotomap

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State of the art – technical details

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • Even with huge number of ground control points

(> 4200) → significant biases 108 m ± 28 m (max 206 m)

  • 56%
  • f the points belong to

interval 90 - 130 m

  • certain

global trend is apparent

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Main principles of the new georeferencing

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • maximal number of ground control points
  • statistical testing of validity of the coordinates
  • map sheet shrinkage elimination
  • consideration of the original cartographic projection
  • special

elastic transformation to correct local inhomogenities

  • reasonable transformation parameters –

fine tuning

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Proposed georeferencing procedure

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

1. map sheet shrinkage elimination 2. map sheet projection onto Bessel elipsoid 3. cartographic projection from Bessel elipsoid to plane 4. elastic transformation in plane of contemporary coordinate system

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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  • 1. Map sheet shrinkage elimination

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Affine transformation

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

Least-squares estimation of ,

… measured corner of a map sheet

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2. Map sheet projection onto Bessel elipsoid

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Inverse Sanson-Flamsteed projection

  • 30’

x 15‘

  • n the elipsoid -> map sheet 1 : 75 000
  • A quarter of the map sheet 1 : 75 000

is the required map sheet 1 : 25 000.

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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  • 4. Elastic

transformation in plane

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • least-squares collocation
  • complex arithmetics
  • accuracy estimation of an arbitrary point

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Resulting composed transformation

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • digital

image in contemporary coordinate system (S-JTSK)

  • seamless mosaic covering the region of interest (Czechia)
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Data capture - scanning

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • several sources of map sheets 1 : 25 000
  • scanning by calibrated large-format scanner
  • 234 color map sheets, 133 grayscale,

9 missing

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Data capture – coordinate measurement

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • Ground control points (GCPs): -

trigonometric points

  • church towers
  • Manual measurement of points
  • 4526

ground control points

  • 1400

corner points

  • statistical testing
  • 4 246

ground control points selected

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Results

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • two computational transformation procedures:
  • forward
  • backward
  • forward transformation –

accuracy estimation

  • backward transformation –

pixel color detrmination (nearest neighbour method)

  • No resampling is needed for partial transformation.
  • web application

http://www.chartae-antiquae.cz/maps/military3

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Coincidence of 4 mapsheets

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

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Overlap with a contemporary map - after solution

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

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Overlap with a contemporary map – before solution

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

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Accuracy assessment of the georeferencing

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • Resulting positional errors on GCPs -

few meters (< 4m)

  • Set of 958

testing points – statistical analysis

  • Resulting positional error: 9.1 m

(0.36 mm in the map sheet 1:25 000)

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Positional errors on test points

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Summary of advantages

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • significant accuracy improvement (110 m → 9 m)
  • rigorous respect of cartographic principles
  • most prospering effect: elastic transformation
  • sensitive matching of mapsheets
  • corrections of local inacuracies of map content

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Conclusions

Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

  • Accuracy of georeferencing was significantly improved

(9.1 m).

  • Resulting raster images are available on server of the

Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography.

  • Overlays of regions of interest are possible.
  • Strong tool for countryside development studies (1880 -

1950) is available on-line.

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

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Georeferencing of the Third Military Survey of Austrian Monarchy

Výzkumný ústav geodetický, topografický a kartografický, v.v.i. Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography

Thank you for your attention

www.chartae-antiquae.cz/maps/military3

This paper was created as part of project n. DF11P01OVV021 "Cartographic sources as a cultural heritage. Research of the new methods and technologies of digitalisation to enable access and use of the old maps, plans, atlases and globes" under the auspices of the Program for applied research and development of national and cultural identity.