Why Zero health losses is a logical and rational target Claes - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Why Zero health losses is a logical and rational target Claes - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 08, 2023 581 likes •990 views

2008-11-05 Swedish Road Administration 1 Why Zero health losses is a logical and rational target Claes Tingvall Anders Lie Monash University Accident Research Centre Swedish Road Administration 2008-11-05 Swedish Road Administration 2

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1 2008-11-05 Swedish Road Administration

Why Zero health losses is a logical and rational target Claes Tingvall Anders Lie

Monash University Accident Research Centre Swedish Road Administration

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2 2008-11-05 Swedish Road Administration

Vision Zero Zero Fatalities (At least not only) Vision Zero = 5 dimensions (or more?)

  • 1. vision for many stakeholder
  • 2. ethical platform
  • 3. shared responsibility
  • 4. driving forces for change
  • 5. safety philosophy
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Shared Vision

1. After ten years, more or less all stakeholders share the vision 2. The private sector and NGO adopted the vision early The most far reaching approach has been set by Volvo Cars – in 2020 no one will be killed or seriously injured in a Volvo or by a Volvo

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80 50 70 40 110

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Ethical platform

  • Human life and health is paramount
  • Life and health can not, in the long run, be

traded against other benefits

  • Mobility is a function of the safety level
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Ethical platform

  • Safety is key for mobility in investment
  • Tylösand declaration signed
  • All fatal crashes investigated in-depth
  • New speed limit system based on safety
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Shared responsibility

System designers are responsible for the design, operation and the use of the road transport system and are thereby responsible for the level of safety within the entire system. Road users are responsible for following the rules for using the road transport system set by the system designers. If the users fail to comply with these rules due to a lack of knowledge, acceptance or ability, the system designers are required to take the necessary further steps to counteract people being killed or injured.

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Shared responsibility

Traffic Safety Inspectorate in place from 2003 New infrastructure safety legislation prepared, where provider must have a plan for improvement Occupational and Health legislation now applied on traffic, where the employer is responsible for traffic safety ISO 39001 Traffic safety management standard being prepared

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Challenges for new ISO 39001

  • Close to known management systems
  • Integrate traffic safety knowledge with management

systems principles

  • Get agreement within 48 months (40 months from now)
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Principles of RTS management systems

a) Focus on loss of life and health b) Holistic view c) Focus on results d) Leadership e) Process approach f) Continual improvement g) Best available information h) Transparent and inclusive process i) Tailored implementation j) Systematic and structured k) Part of decision making

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Safety Performance Indicators

The indicator is an intermediate outcome that is causally connected to the final outcome. The indicators can be settled and measured by any organizations as a tool to define objectives and measure performance (intermediate outcomes).

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Driving mechanism for change

  • The individuals have a right to survive
  • The driving force is the demand from the

citizens

  • The system designers will have to co-operate
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Driving mechanism for change

  • Volvo 2020 target
  • ESC on 97,3 % of new cars sold
  • Alcohol interlocks in buses and HGV
  • Euro NCAP and Euro RAP (i RAP)

established

  • Insurance linked to traffic safety
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THE TYLÖSAND DECLARATION

Articles

  • 1. Everyone has the right to use roads and

streets without threats to life or health

  • 2. Everyone has the right to safe and

sustainable mobility: safety and sustainability in road transport should complement each other

  • 3. Everyone has the right to use the road

transport system without unintentionally imposing any threats to life or health on

  • thers
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THE TYLÖSAND DECLARATION

Articles

  • 4. Everyone has the right to information about

safety problems and the level of safety of any component, product, action or service within the road transport system

  • 5. Everyone has the right to expect systematic

and continuous improvement in safety: any stakeholder within the road transport system has the obligation to undertake corrective actions following the detection of any safety hazard that can be reduced or removed.

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Safety philosophy

  • Inspiration from other areas ( i.e. occupational health

and safety)

  • People make errors, mistakes and misjudgements
  • There are biomechanical tolerance limits
  • The chain of events can be cut at many places
  • Focus on injuries not crashes
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Safety philosophy

  • Completely new design philosophy for roads and streets
  • Speed limit related to biomechanics and road

crashworthiness

  • Integrated safety chain established, as well as model for

safe traffic

  • Death and serious consequences established in ISO

39001 and elsewhere

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Model for safe traffic

Safe Vehicle Safe Road/Street

Safe Journeys Human Tolerance to External Forces Mental and Physical Conditions

Safe User

Safe Speed

Shall Protect the Users Shall Protect Other Users Shall Support Correct Use Knowledge Capability Willingness To use RTS Correctly

Safe Traffic

Support safe mobility Support Correct Use Shall be Forgiving

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The human as pedestrian road user

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Risk of fatal injury related to impact velocity

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Impact velocity Risk % Pedestrian Side impact Frontal impact

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Speed limit, road design and car design goes hand in hand!

  • Crash test 90km/h into tree
  • Crash test 90km/h into guard

rail

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Speed limit systems for modern cars?

  • 30km/h mixed with

pedestrians

  • 50km/h in intersections
  • 70km/h in frontal

collisions

  • Higher speeds need

median dividers and safe side areas/guard rails

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Unsafe driver behaviour can be tackled through the whole integrated safety chain

  • Through limited access to the vehicle
  • Through support for normal driving
  • Through warnings in risky driving
  • Through correction in hazardous situations
  • Through taking control in situations when driver is out of

control

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normal driving Deviation from normal driving Emerging situation Critical situation Crash unavoidable

The crash sequence: (matching human error and crash protection)

  • education
  • motivation
  • cognition, etc.
  • enforcement
  • economic incentives
  • unawareness
  • inattention
  • violation
  • too close
  • drifting
  • sudden event
  • skidding
  • loss of control

crash what we might hit: human error

  • access to

road transport system

  • comfort
  • economy
  • social

conformity

  • warning

system

  • supporting

system

  • intervention

in driving

  • immediate

correction

  • preparation

for crash crash protection Vehicle promote normal driving (ISA, SBR, alcohol interlock) (AICC, LDW) (ESC, LDA, AICC2) (pre-safe, emergency braking) (seat belts, airbag, whiplash protection, pedestrian protection) Infrastructure promote normal driving (speed warning, tactile warning, humps) tactile edge lines high friction surface barrier design, roundabouts Others promote normal driving

  • enforcement
  • insurance
  • contracts
  • emergency

service

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Normal Driving

  • Support systems
  • Seat belt reminders
  • ISA/Speed Alert
  • Alcolocks
  • Impaired driving detection
  • Etc.
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Dangerous Situation

  • Support systems
  • Adaptive Cruise Control
  • Lane departure warning
  • Electronic stability control (ESC)
  • Pre Impact Emergency Braking
  • Etc.
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  • Collision

Avoidance by Auto Steering

no action Intervention

  • Drifting over into
  • ncoming traffic or

towards roadside is very common

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Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake

  • Can detect, warn and brake

automatically

  • If braking was applied in alla

crashes 1 sek before impact, more than 50 % of alla fatalities would be avoided

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Why Sweden missed it’s mid term target

  • The target was set in a recession, and ended in an

economic boom

  • Alcohol consumption up 30 %
  • Speed management through the transport sector failed
  • Effective treatment of infrastructure started too late
  • No new speed limit system introduced (now

implemented)

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  • !"
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  • #$ % &
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30% 90% 99,8% 10 fatalities 150 fatalities 100 fatalities 96% 50 fatalities Safe system 5/5/5 Extreme risks Risk ratio between safe system and extreme risk is about 1500 Risk Traffic

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Summary

  • Major change in policy, management and action
  • More focus on infrastructure and speed (energy control)
  • Extremely good results of new infrastructure design,

including BCR

  • Market forces and supply of safety increase
  • Slower establishment of institutional changes
  • Low political involvement in implementation
  • Slow development of extreme risk treatment
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Summary cont

  • Eradication as a management tool can be powerful
  • Eradication seems to be necessary, 96 % seat belt use,

but 45 % of fatalities were unrestrained, 99.8 % of traffic is sober, but 25 % of fatal crashes are alcohol related

  • Social issues asks for new solutions, otherwise safety

will not be something for the poor

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In conclusion

  • It has been proven that traffic can be generated with very

low risks, but that all elements in the safe system model must be fulfilled simultaneously, 5/5/5.

  • In Sweden, with 450 fatalities per year (just below 5

fatalities per 100 000 population), less than 50 would be killed each year if the rest of the traffic would be as safe as the best 30 %. This would lead to less than 0,5 fatalities per 100 000 population. In EU, this would mean less than 2000 fatalities per year.