A Plan of Materials Irradiation Facility at J-PARC for Development - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Plan of Materials Irradiation Facility at J-PARC for Development of ADS and High-power Accelerator Facilities

J-PARC Symposium 2019 23-26 September, 2019 @ Epochal Tsukuba, Japan

Fujio MAEKAWA Nuclear Transmutation Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Partitioning and Transmutation (P-T) Technology

Spent fuel Reprocessing FPMA MA (Np, Am, Cm) PGM (Ru, Rh, Pd) Heat generator (Sr, Cs) Remaining elements UPu Geological disposal Transmutation by ADS and/or FR Utilization and/or disposal Geological disposal after cooling and/or utilization Geological disposal Partitioning Conventional scheme P&T technology

MA: Minor Actinides FP: Fission Products PGM: Platinum Group Metal FR: Fast Reactor ADS: Accelerator Driven System

Recycle

Conventional geological disposal

Effective utilization of geological disposal space

P-T technology introduced Long-term storage added

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

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HLW (U&Pu recycling) P-T Technology Spent Fuel Elapsed time after reprocessing (years) Potential Toxicity (Sv)

Reduction of long-term toxicity

Spent fuel (1t) High-level waste MA transmutation Natural uranium (9t)

10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 100,000 y 5,000 y 300 y

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Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for MA Transmutation

Proton beam Super-conducting LINAC

• Max. 30 MW

Spallation target (LBE) MA-fueled LBE-cooled subcritical core proton Spallation target (Pb-Bi: LBE) Spallation neutrons MA Fission neutrons Stable & Short-lived nuclei

Nuclear transmutation by ADS Utilize chain fission reactions in a sub-critical core

Power generation To accelerator To grid Fission energy

800 MW 100 MW 170 MW 270 MW

Features of ADS:

• Chain reactions stop when the accelerator is turned off.
• LBE is chemically stable.

è High safety is expected.

• High MA-bearing fuel can be used.

è MA from 10 LWRs can be transmuted.

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• Proton beam: 1.5 GeV, 20 mA, 30 MW
• Spallation target:

Pb-Bi eutectic (LBE)

• Coolant: LBE
• Subcriticality: keff = 0.97
• Thermal output: 800 MWt
• Core height: 1000 mm
• MA initial inventory: 2.5 t
• Fuel composition:

(60%MA + 40%Pu) Mono-nitride

• Transmutation rate: 10%MA / Year

(=250 kg: MA from 10 units of LWR)

• Burn-up reactivity swing: 1.8%Δk/k

Reactor structure ü Beam window ü Spallation target ü LBE handling Accelerator ü SC Linac ü High power ü High Reliability ü Beam control MA-loaded subcritical core ü Nuclear design ü Reactor physics Fuel cycle ü Partitioning ü MA-bearing Fuel fabrication ü Dry reprocessing

Issues to be studied at J-PARC

ADS Proposed by JAEA - LBE Target/Cooled Concept -

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Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex: J-PARC

Transmutation Experimental Facility Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility Hadron Experimental Facility Neutrino Experimental Facility 500 m LINAC

(330m)

3 GeV Synchrotron

(25Hz,1MW)

50 GeV Synchrotron

(0.75MW)

400 MeV 3 GeV 30 GeV

² Three accelerators & three experimental facilities have been operating since 2008. ² Experimental facility for transmutation research is under planning. Construction site Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan 5

Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) Program

250kW 10W

Proton Beam Spallation Target Critical Assembly Multipurpose Area Laser Source

TEF-P: Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility

Purpose : Reactor Physics CategoryCritical Assembly Proton Power400MeV-10W Thermal Output up to 500W

TEF-T: ADS Target Test Facility

Purpose : Material Irradiation Category : Radiation Application Proton Power400MeV-250kW Target MaterialLead-Bismuth

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J-PARC 核変換実験施設 技術設計書

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• n

• P

• n

• T

• m

J

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A R C 核 変 換 物 理 実 験 施 設 （ T E F

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） 安 全 設 計 書

Technical design report

(JAEA-Technology 2017-003, 539 pages)

Safety design report

(JAEA-Technology 2017-033, 383 pages)

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to TEF-P

• Max. 10 W

250 kW 250 kW Laser charge exchange From LINAC TEF-P LBE target Hot-cell for Target exchange & PIE specimen prep. Multi-purpose hall Proton beam transport line LINAC 2F 1F B1F B2F B3F 3GeV RCS Mechanical room for beam transport

• Beam dump

Target trolley & LBE circulation system N-S 42 m Service entrance 32 m high

Overview of TEF-T

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W-E 110 m Target vessel LBE circulation system Target trolley LBE target system Vacuum vessel

Now, reorienting the facility concept

J-PARC Transmutation Experimental Facility

250kW-beam

• LBE target technology
• Reactor physics

Demonstration test facility (in case when it will not be possible to utilize MYRRHA)

P S i P r

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r a m

Previous program

• TEF construction
• MYRRHA collaboration

J-PARC’s facility 1.Development of simulation models to predict materials’ irradiation and corrosion effects 2.Development of design system for ADS plants 3.Data taking for V&V using existing facilities 4.Proton irradiation facility at J-PARC

Experimental ADS⇒MYRRHA ~2.4MW-beam, 50~100MWth

Demonstration of ADS technology and materials irradiation

Basic experiment with LBE loops and critical assemblies Commercial ADS Plant

• 30 MW-beam, 800 MWth
• Transmute MA from 10 LWR

Proton accelerator-driven Subcritical virtual system (PSi) Program

New approach by enhancing computer science

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9 ² Development of beam window materials that can be used in the ADS’s severe irradiation environment is one of the most important issues related to the feasibility of ADS. ² In addition to ADS, in recent high-power accelerator facilities such as J- PARC, development of “high-power targets” as well as “high-power accelerators” is of importance. In recent years, along with increasing accelerators’ power, target is sometimes a rate-controlling step to increase the beam power. Radiation damage of such target materials is the most crucial factor. ² Although needs of irradiation for fusion and fission reactor materials are very high, the number of irradiation facilities (accelerators and reactors) are decreasing. ² Although there are many accelerator facilities in the world, facilities in which PIE is possible are scarce. JAEA’s hot laboratories are rather old. ² JAEA is promoting materials development by utilizing computer simulation technology (PSi Program). To validate the simulated results, experimental irradiation data are absolutely necessary.

Surrounding situations

• TP+0m

Large components handling room Irradiated components handling room Irradiated components storage room Target station In-cell crane Power manipulator Target trolley TP+8.9m TP+15.3m Multi-purpose use room to TEF-P Linac side LBE target Laser charge exchange 250kW 10W L-TEF BT tunnel

Hold the concept of TEF-T’s multi-purpose use 1. Neutron irradiation 2. High-energy neutron beam port 3. Use of a small fraction of the proton beam (ex. ISOL)

H- beam from Linac 400 MeV, 250 kW Eliminate BT- line to TEF-P

TEF-T is the baseline design.

TEF-P

PIE specimens To JAEA’s Hot-labo.

Hot-labo.

PIE specimens

MLF HD NU

PIE specimens

• Space for

accelerator development for ADS

Pb-Bi Sample specimens SUST91

LBE target

Concept of the new proton irradiation facility

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Linac’s pulse

500 μs 50 mA

Power upgrade to 360 kW

60 mA 600 μs

Linac’s pulse PBW Water or He cooling

Irradiation samples (Accelerators)

Proton beam

Irradiation samples (fusion & fission)

1 10 100 0.1 1 10 100 10k 1k He production (appm) Displacement damage (dpa)

ITER

Fusion demo, IFMIF J-PARC MLF (yearly) J-PARC TEF (yearly) ADS (2 years)

High-energy contribution only High-energy + fission

LWR

H i g h

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n e r g y a c c e l e r a t

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f a c i l i t i e s H e / d p a : ~ 1

n Displacement damage (dpa) and He production are the most important parameters to dominate radiation damage of materials. n The He/dpa ratio is the parameter to characterize irradiation environments depending on particle energies.

ADS (2 years) 10~15

Region of interest where the new irradiation facility will cover

F R c l a d d i n g

Simulation of fission and fusion environment

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−40 −20 20 10 20 30 40 z [cm] r [cm]

1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Flux (1/cm2/sec)

LBE target

A B C D Neutron flux

−40 −20 20 10 20 30 40 z [cm] r [cm]

10−1 100 101 102 103 appm He/year

LBE target

He production

−40 −20 20 10 20 30 40 z [cm] r [cm]

1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 Flux (1/cm2/sec)

LBE target

Proton flux

−40 −20 20 10 20 30 40 z [cm] r [cm]

10−3 10−2 10−1 100 101 DPA/year

LBE target

DPA

10 1 0.1 0.01

1 MeV ↓ 100 MeV ↓

C D B A

400-MeV proton beam

−40 −20 20 10 20 30 40 z [cm] r [cm]

10−1 100 101 appm He/dpa

He/dpa = 10 He/DPA = ~100

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400-MeV proton beam

LBE target 5 8

He/dpa = 1

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He/dpa = 1 ~ 100

Irradiation under the fission and fusion environments is also possible although the flux is not very intense.

fusion fission

Simulation of fission and fusion environment

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High-power LBE Spallation Target Technology

n

IMMORTAL

n

Demonstration of TEF-T target operation

n

Succeeded LBE circulation tests at the max. temp. (500 C)

n

System transient experiment and analysis to be performed

n

OLLOCHI

n

To obtain material corrosion data

n

2 of 3 test sections with individual heater were completed

n

Third test section will be installed within next fiscal year, i.e. in- situ loading section.

Oxygen-controlled LBE Loop for Corrosion tests in High temperature Integrated Multi-functional Mockup for TEF-T Real-scale Target Loop Remote handling cutting and welding Oxygen concentration sensors Thermal-hydraulics design Ultra-sonic flow sensors for LBE

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High-power Proton Beam Technology

Beam profile image

l We are acquiring nuclear data needed for designing the J-PARC facilities and ADS by using the J-PARC’s proton and neutron beams.

Beam monitor development Nuclear data measurement Proton beam control

l The peak current density

• n the MLF’s Hg-target

was reduced by ~30 % by introducing the nonlinear beam optics with octupole magnets. l This is effective to prolong the target life and to reduce the peak heat density. w/o nonlinear optics with nonlinear optics Nuclide production cross section Displacement cross section l We are developing proton beam monitors which are durable against high-intensity proton beams

• f J-PARC & ADS (20 mA).

² We are now reorienting the J-PARC’s facility concept for nuclear transmutation research.

Summary

Proton Irradiation Facility

Functions & features: 1. Irradiation of candidate structural materials for ADS, the first priority 2. Irradiation of materials for high-power accelerators, fusion & fission reactors 3. Hot laboratory for efficient PIE 4. Power upgrade possibility from 250 kW to 360 kW to shorten irradiation time (3 years to 2 years) 5. Space for accelerator development for ADS

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