Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code BAOAC BAOAC

Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code

A correlation between the visual appearance and A correlation between the visual appearance and the thickness of oil on the sea the thickness of oil on the sea used to estimate spilled oil volume used to estimate spilled oil volume

Developing the BAOAC Developing the BAOAC

• Literature survey (1997)

Literature survey (1997)

– – Who had claimed what and when ? Scientifically justified ? Who had claimed what and when ? Scientifically justified ?

• Laboratory studies

Laboratory studies

– – Thin oil films studied under laboratory conditions Thin oil films studied under laboratory conditions

• Fjord studies

Fjord studies

– – Small Small-

• scale outdoor experiments

scale outdoor experiments

• Bonnex 2002

Bonnex 2002

– – Full Full-

• scale experiments at sea

scale experiments at sea

The BAOAC The BAOAC

Code Code Appearance Appearance QUANTITY QUANTITY m m3

3/ km

/ km2

2

Thickness Thickness ( (µ µm) m) 1 1 Sheen Sheen (Silvery / Grey) (Silvery / Grey) 0.04 0.04 -

• 0.3

0.3 0.04 0.04 -

• 0.3

0.3 2 2 Rainbow Rainbow 0.30 0.30 – – 5.0 5.0 0.3 0.3 – – 5.0 5.0 3 3 Metallic Metallic 5.0 5.0 -

• 50

50 5 5 -

• 50

50 4 4 Discontinuous True Discontinuous True Oil Colour Oil Colour 50 50 -

• 200

200 50 50 -

• 200

200 5 5 Continuous True Continuous True Oil Colour Oil Colour > 200 > 200 > 200 > 200

Observing Oil On The Sea Observing Oil On The Sea

• A combination of reflected and transmitted light is

A combination of reflected and transmitted light is seen when looking at oil on the sea seen when looking at oil on the sea

• With thin layers of oil you see the light reflected

With thin layers of oil you see the light reflected from the sea surface, filtered through a layer of oil from the sea surface, filtered through a layer of oil

• With thick layers of oil you see only the surface of

With thick layers of oil you see only the surface of the oil the oil

Appearance Code 1 Sheen (0.04 µm – 0.3 µm) The oil layer reflects white light slightly more effectively than the water.

”Rainbow region” (from 0.15 µm to 3 µm)

Light reflected from both oil/water surface (the sea surface) and

• il/air surface (the oil surface)

Appearance Code 2 Rainbow Region (0.3 µm to 5 µm) Light reflected from both oil/water surface (the sea surface) and oil/air surface (the oil surface)

Appearance Code 3 Metallic (3 µm to 50µm) Majority of light is reflected from oil surface, but a minority passes through oil film and is reflected from sea surface.

Metallic Metallic Rainbow Rainbow

Sheen Sheen

Sheen Sheen Rainbow Rainbow Metallic Metallic

Appearance Codes 4 and 5 Discontinuous True Colour and True Colour (50µm - < 200 µm) Light is being reflected from the oil surface rather than from the sea surface

Discontinuous True Oil Colour Discontinuous True Oil Colour and and True Oil Colour True Oil Colour

The True Colour of Oils The True Colour of Oils

• Crude oils are black or brown

Crude oils are black or brown

• Diesel fuel is nearly colourless

Diesel fuel is nearly colourless

• Heavy Fuel Oils are black

Heavy Fuel Oils are black

• The observed colour depends on oil film

The observed colour depends on oil film thickness thickness

– – Optical density of oil Optical density of oil – – Background Background – – Viewing angle Viewing angle

HEAVY FUEL OI L HEAVY FUEL OI L

THE OI L APPEARANCE CODE THE OI L APPEARANCE CODE

CODE CODE APPEARANCE APPEARANCE QUANTITY QUANTITY m m 3

3 / km

/ km 2

2

THICKNESS THICKNESS µ µm m 1 1 SHEEN SHEEN (SILVERY / GREY) (SILVERY / GREY) 0.04 0.04 -

• 0.3

0.3 0.04 0.04 – – 0.3 0.3 2 2 RAINBOW RAINBOW 0.3 0.3 – – 5.0 5.0 0.3 0.3 – – 5.0 5.0 3 3 METALLIC METALLIC 5.0 5.0 – – 50 50 5 5 – – 50 50 4 4 DISCONTINUOUS DISCONTINUOUS TRUE OIL COLOUR TRUE OIL COLOUR 50 50 – – 200 200 50 50 – – 200 200 5 5 TRUE COLOUR TRUE COLOUR 200 200 -

• > 200

> 200 200 200 -

• > 200

> 200

Appearance Description Appearance Description

SHEEN: SHEEN: SI LVERY / GREY SI LVERY / GREY – – ALL OI LS WI LL APPEAR THE ALL OI LS WI LL APPEAR THE SAME SAME RAI NBOW: RAI NBOW: RANGE OF COLOURS RANGE OF COLOURS – – ALL OI LS WI LL APPEAR ALL OI LS WI LL APPEAR THE SAME THE SAME METALLI C: METALLI C: A HOMOGENEOUS COLOUR A HOMOGENEOUS COLOUR – – DEPENDENT ON THE DEPENDENT ON THE LI GHT AND SKY CONDI TI ONS LI GHT AND SKY CONDI TI ONS – – A BLUE SKY WI LL A BLUE SKY WI LL BE MI RRORED I N THE OI L BE MI RRORED I N THE OI L DI SCONTI NUOUS DI SCONTI NUOUS THE BROKEN NATURE OF THE COLOUR, DUE TO THE BROKEN NATURE OF THE COLOUR, DUE TO TRUE COLOUR: TRUE COLOUR: THI NNER AREAS WI THI N THE SLI CK I S THI NNER AREAS WI THI N THE SLI CK I S DESCRI BED AS DI SCONTI NUOUS. THE TRUE DESCRI BED AS DI SCONTI NUOUS. THE TRUE COLOUR OF THE OI L WI LL GRADUALLY COLOUR OF THE OI L WI LL GRADUALLY DOMI NATE. DOMI NATE.

TRUE COLOUR: TRUE COLOUR: TRUE COLOUR I S OI L SPECI FI C TRUE COLOUR I S OI L SPECI FI C

“ “Metallic Metallic” ” a mirror to the sky a mirror to the sky

Oil layers that look metallic reflect the colour of the sky, but Oil layers that look metallic reflect the colour of the sky, but with some element of oil colour with some element of oil colour

Using the BAOAC to obtain Using the BAOAC to obtain spilled oil volume estimates spilled oil volume estimates

• Estimate slick length

Estimate slick length

• Estimate slick width

Estimate slick width

• Estimate oil coverage as percentage

Estimate oil coverage as percentage

• Calculate total slick area

Calculate total slick area

• Estimate proportions of different BAOAC Codes

Estimate proportions of different BAOAC Codes

• Calculate spilled oil volumes (minimum and maximum)

Calculate spilled oil volumes (minimum and maximum) in each Code area in each Code area

• Calculate minimum and maximum spilled oil volume

Calculate minimum and maximum spilled oil volume

AREA MEASUREMENT AREA MEASUREMENT

WI DTH WI DTH VI SUAL OBSERVATI ON / MEASUREMENT OF SLAR I MAGE VI SUAL OBSERVATI ON / MEASUREMENT OF SLAR I MAGE

1. 1. LENGTH X WI DTH = AREA OF LENGTH X WI DTH = AREA OF ‘ ‘I MAGI NARY I MAGI NARY’ ’ RECTANGLE RECTANGLE 2. 2. ESTI MATED AREA OF ESTI MATED AREA OF ‘ ‘I MARGI NARY I MARGI NARY’ ’ COVERED WI TH OI L COVERED WI TH OI L AS A PERCENTAGE. AS A PERCENTAGE. 3. 3. CALCULATE THE AREA COVERED WI TH OI L CALCULATE THE AREA COVERED WI TH OI L LENGTH X WI DTH X COVERAGE % = AREA

L L E E N N G G T T H

LENGTH X WI DTH X COVERAGE % = AREA

COVERAGE COVERAGE % % H

OI LED AREA MEASUREMENT OI LED AREA MEASUREMENT AREA ADJUSTMENT AREA ADJUSTMENT (CLEAR WATER) (CLEAR WATER)

UV / VI SUAL ASSESSMENT UV / VI SUAL ASSESSMENT (AREAS OF CLEAR WATER WI THI N THE OI L (AREAS OF CLEAR WATER WI THI N THE OI L EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE % ) EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE % ) AREA X ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA AREAS CLEAR AREAS CLEAR OF OI L OF OI L AREA X ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA

PERCENTAGE OF OI LED AREA COVERED BY PERCENTAGE OF OI LED AREA COVERED BY APPEARANCE APPEARANCE

VI SUAL ASSESSMENT VI SUAL ASSESSMENT

SHEEN (50% ) SHEEN (50% ) RAI NBOW (40% ) RAI NBOW (40% ) METALLI C (5% ) METALLI C (5% ) TRUE COLOUR (5% ) TRUE COLOUR (5% )

VOLUME ESTI MATI ON VOLUME ESTI MATI ON

MI NI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON MI NI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON

1. 1. LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA 2. 2. RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = AREA RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = AREA 3. 3. AREA X AREA X ‘ ‘CLEAR WATER CLEAR WATER’ ’ ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA 4. 4. OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE 5. 5. AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MI NI MUM THI CKNESS = MI NI MUM AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MI NI MUM THI CKNESS = MI NI MUM VOLUME FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE VOLUME FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE 6. 6. AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MI NI MUM VOLUME) AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MI NI MUM VOLUME) 7. 7. ADD UP ALL THE MAXI MUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L ADD UP ALL THE MAXI MUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L APPEARANCES TO FI ND THE APPEARANCES TO FI ND THE ‘ ‘OVERALL OVERALL’ ’ MI NI MUM VOLUME. MI NI MUM VOLUME.

VOLUME ESTI MATI ON VOLUME ESTI MATI ON

MI MI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON EXAMPLE MI MI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON EXAMPLE 1. 1. 12 KM X 2 KM = 24 KM 12 KM X 2 KM = 24 KM2

2

(LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA) (LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA) 2. 2. 24KM 24KM2

2 X 50% = 12 KM

X 50% = 12 KM2

2

(RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = AREA (OR POLYGON) (RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = AREA (OR POLYGON) 3. 3. 12 KM 12 KM2

2 X 90% = 10.8 KM

X 90% = 10.8 KM2

2

(AREA X (AREA X ‘ ‘CLEAR WATER CLEAR WATER’ ’ ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA) ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA) 4. 4. 10.8 KM 10.8 KM2

2 X 50% (SHEEN) = 5.4 KM

X 50% (SHEEN) = 5.4 KM2

2

(OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A (OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE) PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE) 5. 5. 5.4 KM 5.4 KM2

2 X 0.04um (MI MI MUM THI CKNESS FOR SHEEN) = 0.216 m

X 0.04um (MI MI MUM THI CKNESS FOR SHEEN) = 0.216 m3

3

(AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MI NI MUM THI CKNESS = MI NI MUM VOLUME (AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MI NI MUM THI CKNESS = MI NI MUM VOLUME FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE) FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE) 6. 6. AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MI NI MUM VOLUME) AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MI NI MUM VOLUME) 7. 7. ADD UP ALL THE MI NI MUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L APPEARANCES TO ADD UP ALL THE MI NI MUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L APPEARANCES TO FI ND THE FI ND THE ‘ ‘OVERALL OVERALL’ ’ MI NI MUM VOLUME. MI NI MUM VOLUME.

VOLUME ESTI MATI ON VOLUME ESTI MATI ON

MAXI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON MAXI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON 1. 1. LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA 2. 2. RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = OUTSI DE AREA RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = OUTSI DE AREA 3. 3. OUTSI DE AREA X OUTSI DE AREA X ‘ ‘CLEAR WATER CLEAR WATER’ ’ ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA 4. 4. OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE 5. 5. AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MAXI MUM THI CKNESS = MAXI MUM AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MAXI MUM THI CKNESS = MAXI MUM VOLUME FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE VOLUME FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE 6. 6. AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MAXI MUM VOLUME) AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MAXI MUM VOLUME) 7. 7. ADD UP ALL THE MAXI MUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L ADD UP ALL THE MAXI MUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L APPEARANCES TO FI ND THE APPEARANCES TO FI ND THE ‘ ‘OVERALL OVERALL’ ’ MAXI MUM VOLUME. MAXI MUM VOLUME.

VOLUME ESTI MATI ON VOLUME ESTI MATI ON

MAXI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON EXAMPLE MAXI MUM VOLUME CALCULATI ON EXAMPLE 1. 1. 12 KM X 2 KM = 24 KM 12 KM X 2 KM = 24 KM2

2

(LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA) (LENGTH X WI DTH = RECTANGLE AREA) 2. 2. 24KM 24KM2

2 X 50% = 12 KM

X 50% = 12 KM2

2

(RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = AREA (OR POLYGON) (RECTANGLE AREA X PERCENTAGE % COVERAGE = AREA (OR POLYGON) 3. 3. 12 KM 12 KM2

2 X 90% = 10.8 KM

X 90% = 10.8 KM2

2

(AREA X (AREA X ‘ ‘CLEAR WATER CLEAR WATER’ ’ ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA) ADJUSTMENT % = OI LED AREA) 4. 4. 10.8 KM 10.8 KM2

2 X 50% (SHEEN) = 5.4 KM

X 50% (SHEEN) = 5.4 KM2

2

(OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A (OI LED AREA X I NDI VI DUAL APPEARANCE AREA (EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE) PERCENTAGE OF THE OI LED AREA) = AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE) 5. 5. 5.4 KM 5.4 KM2

2 X 0.3um (MAXI MUM THI CKNESS FOR SHEEN) = 1.62 m

X 0.3um (MAXI MUM THI CKNESS FOR SHEEN) = 1.62 m3

3

(AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MAXI MUM THI CKNESS = MAXI MUM VOLUME (AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE X MAXI MUM THI CKNESS = MAXI MUM VOLUME FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE) FOR THAT OI L APPEARANCE) 6. 6. AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MAXI MUM VOLUME) AS PARA 5 ABOVE FOR EACH APPEARANCE (MAXI MUM VOLUME) 7. 7. ADD UP ALL THE MAXI MUMMUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L APPEARANCES ADD UP ALL THE MAXI MUMMUM VOLUMES FOR ALL THE OI L APPEARANCES TO FI ND THE TO FI ND THE ‘ ‘OVERALL OVERALL’ ’ MAXI MUM VOLUME. MAXI MUM VOLUME.

AREA CALCULATI ON AREA CALCULATI ON

DI MENSI ONS DI MENSI ONS AREA AREA ASSESSED ASSESSED COVERAGE COVERAGE PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE POLYGON OR POLYGON OR CALCULATED CALCULATED AREA AREA

ASSESSED ASSESSED ADJUSTMENT ADJUSTMENT PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE

OILED AREA LENGTH LENGTH WI DTH WI DTH 12 km 12 km 2 km 2 km 24 km 24 km2

2

50 % 50 % 12 km 12 km2

2

90 % 90 % 10.8 km 10.8 km2

2

‘ ‘OI L OI L’ ’ APPEARANCE / VOLUME CALCULATI ON APPEARANCE / VOLUME CALCULATI ON

OI L APPEARANCE OI L APPEARANCE DESCRI PTI ON DESCRI PTI ON % OF OI LED AREA % OF OI LED AREA COVERED BY COVERED BY APPEARANCE APPEARANCE OI LED AREA OI LED AREA AREA OF OI L AREA OF OI L APPEARANCE APPEARANCE MI NI MUM MI NI MUM THI CKNESS THI CKNESS MI NI MUM MI NI MUM VOLUME VOLUME MAXI MUM MAXI MUM THI CKNESS THI CKNESS MAXI MUM MAXI MUM VOLUME VOLUME SHEEN SHEEN 50 % 50 % 10.8 km 10.8 km2

2

5.4 km 5.4 km2

2

0.04 0.04 µ µm m 0.216 m 0.216 m3

3

0.30 0.30 µ µm m 1.62m 1.62m3

3

RAI NBOW RAI NBOW 30 % 30 % 10.8 km 10.8 km2

2

3.24 km 3.24 km2

2

0.30 0.30 µ µm m 0.972 m 0.972 m3

3

5.00 5.00 µ µm m 16.2m 16.2m3

3

METALLI C METALLI C 15 % 15 % 10.8 km 10.8 km2

2

1.62 km 1.62 km2

2

5.00 5.00 µ µm m 8.1m 8.1m3

3

50.0 50.0 µ µm m 81m 81m3

3

DI S. TRUE DI S. TRUE COLOUR COLOUR

• %

% 10.8 km 10.8 km2

2

• 50.0

50.0 µ µm m

• 200

200 µ µm m

• TRUE COLOUR

TRUE COLOUR 5 % 5 % 10.8 km 10.8 km2

2

0.54 km 0.54 km2

2

200 200 µ µm m 108m 108m3

3

> 200 > 200 µ µm m > 108m > 108m3

3

OTHER OTHER

• %

% 10.8 km 10.8 km2

2

TOTAL TOTAL 100 % 100 % TOTAL MI NI MUM TOTAL MI NI MUM ‘ ‘OI L OI L’ ’ VOLUME VOLUME 117.288 m 117.288 m3

3

TOTAL MAXI MUM TOTAL MAXI MUM ‘ ‘OI L OI L’ ’ VOLUME VOLUME > 206.82 m > 206.82 m3

3