Equal opportunity not based on Where you were born Where you - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Equal opportunity not based on Where you were born Where you - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 11, 2023 293 likes •713 views

What is the American Dream? Equal opportunity not based on Where you were born Where you went to school Who your parents are What your race or religion is Access to capital based on ability What is the American

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SLIDE 1

What is the American Dream?

  • Equal opportunity not based on
  • Where you were born
  • Where you went to school
  • Who your parents are
  • What your race or religion is
  • Access to capital based on ability
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SLIDE 2

“The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.”

  • James Truslow Adams

The Epic of America (1931)

What is the American Dream?

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SLIDE 3

“The American Dream is about freedom and the fruits of freedom. “It’s about opportunity, not just for those lucky enough to be born gripping that silver spoon, but

  • pportunity for all. It’s the chance

to start with nothing but an idea, and with hard work, to see it happen.”

  • Jimmy Stewart
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SLIDE 4
  • Education
  • Bioscience and Medical Research
  • Entrepreneurism
  • Financial Markets & Access to Capital

Center for the American Dream

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SLIDE 5

The 21st century is being defined by a worldwide competition for human capital.

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SLIDE 6

Human capital is the largest asset class.

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SLIDE 7

Between 1870 and 1950, Americans added almost ONE YEAR OF EDUCATION EACH DECADE. By 1960, the highest average grade level in the U.S. EXCEEDED EVERY OTHER NATION BY TWO YEARS. Since 1960, we have made no progress and several OTHER NATIONS HAVE SURPASSED THE U.S.

Source: Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz / The Race between Education and Technology

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SLIDE 8

“If an unfriendly foreign power had attempted to impose on America the mediocre educational performance that exists today, we might have viewed it as an act of war.”

  • 1983
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SLIDE 9

Return

Job Training Preschool Programs School

Return on Human Capital Investment

Source: James Heckman, University of Chicago

Age

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SLIDE 10

“By age 5, it is possible to predict with depressing accuracy who will complete high school and who won’t.”

James Heckman

Nobel Prize in Economics

Source: New York Times – July 29, 2008

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SLIDE 11

“Science has been a driving force in our health and

  • prosperity. And the best

place to develop the love of science is in elementary schools.”

David Baltimore

Nobel Prize, Medicine President, CalTech (1997-2006)

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SLIDE 12

Spending on Early-Childhood and Post-Secondary Education

Early Childhood Post-Secondary Education Education

U.S. $3,900 $14,200 China $6,000 - $10,000 $1,200 - $1,500

Source: Knowledge Universe Education

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SLIDE 13
  • Singapore

564

  • Japan

532

  • Canada

527

  • Korea

517

  • Russia

494

  • United Kingdom

492

  • OECD Average

490

  • United States

470

  • Israel

470

  • UAE

427

  • Qatar

402

  • Jordan

380

  • Tunisia

367

How 15-Year-Olds Score in School

Math

  • Singapore

493

  • Japan

538

  • Canada

528

  • Korea

516

  • United Kingdom

509

  • United States

496

  • OECD Average

493

  • Russia

487

  • UAE

437

  • Israel

467

  • Qatar

418

  • Jordan

409

  • Tunisia

386

Science

Source: OECD Programme for International Student Assessment 2015

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SLIDE 14

Students Testing at “Advanced” Level

Source: “Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 2015,” U.S. Dept. of Education

Math

Singapore (#1) U.S. (#11)

50% 14%

Science

Singapore (#1) U.S. (#9)

37% 16%

4th-Grade

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SLIDE 15

Students Testing at “Advanced” Level

Source: “Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 2015,” U.S. Dept. of Education

Math

Singapore (#1) U.S. (#11)

55% 10%

Science

Singapore (#1) U.S. (#12)

42% 12%

8th-Grade

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SLIDE 16

Sources: City-Data.com / Global Report Card (Jay Greene and Josh McGee)

87.7%

rank “proficient”

  • r above in math.

students

Beverly Hills High School

Singapore 34th percentile in math Canada 46th percentile in math

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SLIDE 17

33% Housing 17% Transportation 13% Food 11% Insurance/pensions 6% Healthcare 5% Entertainment 3% Apparel and services 23% Food 10% Housing 8% Clothing 8% Other 6% Transportation 5% Healthcare 5% Communication

Consumer Spending

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics/CLSA

U.S. Asia

2% Supplemental Education 15% Supplemental Education

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SLIDE 18

60% 20% 20%

Unskilled Semi-skilled Skilled

15% 20% 65%

Unskilled Semi-skilled Skilled

1950 Today

Skilled and Unskilled Jobs in the U.S.

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SLIDE 19

Likelihood U.S. Jobs Will Be Automated

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Frey and Osborne (2013); CEA calculations

Probability of Automation by Hourly Wage

83% 31% 4% < $20/hour $20 - $40/hour > $40/hour

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SLIDE 20

U.S. Jobs with Highly Automatable Skills

Source: Arntz, Gregory, and Zierahn (2016) calculations based on the PIAAC 2012.

By Education Level

44% 8% 0%

No HS degree Trade School Graduate Degree

19%

HS Degree

1%

Bachelor’s Degree

6%

AA Degree

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SLIDE 21

Top Job-Loss Subsectors in 2017

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Bloomberg Businessweek November 29 2017

Telecommunications

  • 28

Department stores

  • 41

Motion picture and sound recording

  • 29

Food and beverage stores

  • 26

Clothing stores

  • 25

Sporting goods, hobby, book stores -13 Publishing industries, ex-Internet

  • 13

Nursing care facilities

  • 12

Apparel manufacturing

  • 11

Electronic stores

  • 11

United States, Year-over-Year, Thousands

Retail industry accounts for four

  • f the 10

subsectors with the largest job losses.

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SLIDE 22

“The young do not know enough to be prudent, and therefore they attempt the impossible – and achieve it, generation after generation.”

  • Pearl S. Buck

First Woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature

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SLIDE 23

Albert Einstein was 26 when he published the Special Theory of Relativity. Jonas Salk was 30 when the March

  • f Dimes funded his polio research.

‘Praise youth and it will prosper’

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SLIDE 24

James Watson was 25 when he co- published his breakthrough scientific paper on DNA. Isaac Newton was 23 when he began inventing calculus.

‘Praise youth and it will prosper’

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SLIDE 25

Marie Curie began investigating radioactivity at age 30 and earned two Nobel Prizes by age 45. Galileo published his first piece at age 22, and began experimenting with falling objects in his late 20s.

‘Praise youth and it will prosper’

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SLIDE 26

ROI of Young Investigators

Percentage of Epilepsy MFF Grant Researchers Still Active

Young Investigator Awards

100%

Mid-Level Career Awards

75%

Late-Stage Career Awards

7%

Source: Philanthropy Advisory Service, Milken Institute

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SLIDE 27

Average Age of First NIH Grant

Sources: J Couzin-Frankel Science 2014; 344-28-29; AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science)

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SLIDE 28

More Than 225 Young Investigators

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SLIDE 29

Impact of PCF Young Investigators

  • PCF YIs are currently studying 22 candidate

molecules for next generation medicines … compared to 4 under study in 1993.

  • 40% of PCF’s YIs are engaged in research

affecting clinical care.

  • 14 YIs now run their own laboratories, each

employing an average 4-5 additional young scientists.

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SLIDE 30

Impact of PCF Young Investigators

10 FDA-approved treatments for prostate cancer since 2010.

  • Provenge: stimulates tumor immunity
  • Xgeva: improves quality of life by reducing side effects
  • Jevtana: chemotherapy that kills prostate cancer cells
  • Zytiga: reduces testosterone, resulting in longer life
  • Xtandi: blocks testosterone’s cancer targets and prolongs life
  • Xofigo: results in less medication to control bone pain
  • Erleada: treatment for those who fail testosterone reduction
  • Zytiga + Prednisone: delays cancer progression by 18 months
  • Pembrolizumab: precision immunotherapy for solid tumors
  • Xtandi: secondary approval for non-metastatic CRPC
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SLIDE 31

Program at Berkeley, Columbia, USC and Wharton designed to create productive partnerships within their communities.

University-Community Outreach Program ((UCOP)

  • Mentoring
  • Scholarships
  • Young Entrepreneurs
  • Tutoring
  • Community workshops
  • Assistance to local businesses
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SLIDE 32
  • Multiple career paths
  • Ongoing applied professional growth
  • Instructionally focused accountability
  • Performance-based compensation
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SLIDE 33
  • 456 Scholars since 1989
  • 114 born outside the U.S.
  • 41 countries of origin
  • 352 Scholars have parents born
  • utside U.S.
  • 114 colleges attended
  • 108 are married
  • 100 children of Milken Scholars
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SLIDE 34
  • 96 Harvard
  • 55 Stanford
  • 47 Yale
  • 36 Berkeley
  • 32 Penn
  • 25 Columbia
  • 20 MIT
  • 20 Princeton
  • 18 UCLA
  • 14 NYU
  • 13 Claremont

Colleges

  • 11 Brown
  • 11 USC
  • 7 Fordham
  • 7

Dartmouth

  • 7

Johns Hopkins

  • 5

Georgetown

  • 5

Vassar

  • 5 Wesleyan
  • 5 Williams

June 2018

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SLIDE 35
  • Afghanistan
  • Argentina
  • Armenia
  • Azerbaijan
  • Bangladesh
  • Barbados
  • Belarus
  • Belize
  • Bosnia/Herzegovina
  • Cambodia
  • Canada
  • Chile
  • China
  • Colombia
  • Croatia
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • Egypt
  • El Salvador
  • England
  • Estonia
  • Ethiopia
  • Germany
  • Ghana
  • Grenada
  • Guatemala
  • Guyana
  • Haiti
  • Honduras
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Jamaica
  • Japan
  • Kuwait
  • Laos
  • Latvia
  • Lebanon
  • Mexico
  • Mozambique
  • Myanmar
  • Nepal
  • Nicaragua
  • Nigeria
  • Pakistan
  • Panama
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Russia
  • Scotland
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Singapore
  • Slovakia
  • South Korea
  • Sri Lanka
  • Sudan
  • Taiwan
  • Thailand
  • Tibet
  • Trinidad
  • Ukraine
  • United States
  • Vietnam

Countries of Parents’ Origins

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SLIDE 36

Khadijah Sharif-Drinkard

Milken Scholar 1989

1989 2017

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SLIDE 37

National Educator Awards

“The Oscars of teaching” More than 2,700 since 1986

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SLIDE 38

Top 20 Biological Sciences Universities

Source: QS World University Rankings 2016.

Graduate School Rank Harvard University 1 University of Cambridge 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 University of Oxford 4 Stanford University 5 University of California, Berkeley 6 California Institute of Technology 7 Yale University 7 ETH Zurich 9 University of California, Los Angeles 10 Graduate School Rank University of California, San Diego 11 Kyoto University 12 University of California, San Francisco 13 University of Toronto 14 National University of Singapore 15 Cornell University 16 Imperial College London 16 Princeton University 18 University College London 19 Columbia University 20

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SLIDE 39

Top Biology and Biochemistry Universities

Source: US News & World Report

Graduate School Rank Harvard University 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2 University of California, Berkeley 3 Stanford University 4 University of California, San Francisco 5 University of Oxford 6 University of Cambridge 7 University of California, San Diego 8 Johns Hopkins University 9 Cornell University 10 Graduate School Rank Columbia University 11 University of California, Los Angeles 12 University of Toronto 13 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 14 University of Washington 15 Yale University 16 University of Pennsylvania 17 University of Tokyo 18 University of Copenhagen 19 University of Chicago 20

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SLIDE 40

1. Nanyang Technological University Singapore 2. Hong Kong University of Science & Tech. Hong Kong 3. Korean Advanced Inst. of Science & Tech.

  • S. Korea

4. Pohang University of Science & Tech.

  • S. Korea

5. City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 6. Maastricht University Netherlands 7. University of California, Irvine U.S. 8. Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 9. University of Calgary Canada 10. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Spain

Source: QS Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. (Universities Less than 50 years old)

Top Universities Founded in Last 50 Years

The only other U.S. universities in the Top 50 are UC Santa Cruz and the University of Texas at Dallas.