Eukaryotic Cell Structures and Functions General Animal Cell - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Eukaryotic Cell Structures and Functions General Animal Cell - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 23, 2024 129 likes •411 views

Eukaryotic Cell Structures and Functions General Animal Cell Structure General Plant Cell Structure Plant Cells Animal Cells Cell Structures Plasma Membrane Surrounds the cell, selectively permeable Composed of a phospholipid

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SLIDE 1

Eukaryotic Cell Structures and Functions

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General Animal Cell Structure

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General Plant Cell Structure

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Animal Cells Plant Cells

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Cell Structures

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Plasma Membrane

  • Surrounds the cell, “selectively” permeable
  • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer (2 layers)

and embedded proteins

  • Controls the passage of cell materials into and
  • ut of the cell
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Cytoplasm

  • Primarily composed of water, salts and organic

molecules

  • Suspends cell organelles inside the cell
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Cytoskeleton

  • Internal support system for the cell
  • Assists in the movement of organelles within the

cell

  • Composed of microfilaments and microtubules

(contractile proteins)

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Nucleus

  • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear

pores

  • Contains genetic information (DNA) which exists

as chromatin in a non-dividing cell

  • Controls all cell activities
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Nucleolus

  • Located within the nucleus
  • Produces parts of ribosomes
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Nucleus, Nucleolus and Nuclear Pores

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Mitochondrion

  • Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP

molecules through a process called cellular respiration

  • During the process of cellular respiration,

glucose is metabolized in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP

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Ribosome

  • Site of protein synthesis
  • Ribosomes link amino acids together to form

proteins during gene expression

  • All cell types contain ribosomes
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Vesicle

  • Membrane-bound pouch that transports cell

materials between organelles and throughout the cell

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

  • Assists in the synthesis and transport of cell

materials

  • Two types: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth

(without ribosomes)

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Rough and Smooth ER

  • Rough ER has ribosomes which give this

structure a textured appearance, functions in synthesizing proteins

  • Smooth ER contains enzymes that function to

synthesize lipids and hormones

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Golgi Bodies

  • Consists of flattened stacks of membranes
  • Collects, packages and modifies cell materials to

be used within the cell or exported out of the cell

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Lysosome

  • Contain strong hydrolytic enzymes
  • Break down old cell parts and cell wastes
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Centrioles

  • Composed of microtubules, used during cell

division to move and separate chromosomes

  • Found only in animal cells
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Vacuole

  • Specialized structure that primarily stores water

in plants cells, sometimes waste storage

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Chloroplast

  • Site of photosynthesis where light energy is

converted into chemical energy (glucose)

  • Found in plant cells and photosynthetic protists

(e.g. algae, Euglena)

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Cell Wall

  • Exterior structure and support for cells, located

surrounding the plasma membrane

  • Plants, bacteria and fungi all have cells with cells

walls

  • Cell wall composition:

– Plants – cellulose and pectin – Fungi – chitin – Bacteria - petidoglycan

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Cell Movement

  • Some cells have structures that assist in

movement – Cilia – numerous little hairs, cover cell surface – Flagella – whip-like structure that propels cells – Pseudopods – cytoplasmic extensions that help some cells move and obtain food (e.g. amoebas)