Fabio Sebastiano Electronic interfaces for quantum processors the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Jul 17, 2023 104 likes •219 views

Fabio Sebastiano Electronic interfaces for quantum processors the challenges A scalable quantum computer ADC MUX ADC N-qubit Digital Quantum control Processor DAC Challenges DEMUX Performance DAC Power Cryogenic T

SLIDE 1

Fabio Sebastiano

Electronic interfaces for quantum processors – the challenges

SLIDE 2

A scalable quantum computer

T = 20 mK – 100 mK T = 1 K - 4 K T = 300 K References ADC DAC T sensor N-qubit Quantum Processor ADC Digital control MUX DEMUX DAC

Challenges

Performance
Power
Cryogenic

SLIDE 3

Electronics at cryogenic temperature?

Operate @ 4 K, 20 mK, …
Superconducting devices (RSFQ, RQL, SQUID, JPA …)
Semiconductors

Minimum temp. Si BJT 100 K Ge BJT 20 K SiGe HBT < 1 K GaAs MESFET < 4 K CMOS* 30 mK or below? Most used today VLSI Very Large Scale Integration *CMOS = Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

SLIDE 4

Cryo-CMOS for scalable quantum computing

T = 20 mK – 100 mK T = 1 K - 4 K T = 300 K DEMUX References ADC DAC DAC T sensor N-qubit Quantum Processor ADC Digital control MUX

Challenges

Performance
Power
Cryogenic

Cryo-CMOS devices Specifications

SLIDE 5

Specifications – Co-simulating cryo-CMOS and qubits

VB2 CAC Rbias1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M7 M6 M5 M10 Ω VDD

Electrical signals

Qubit simulator (Hamiltonian) Fidelity (control) Circuit simulator Fidelity (read-out)

SLIDE 6

Example – Microwave generation

Error Source Type Value Error [ppm] Nuclear spin noise 1.9 kHzrms 4 Microwave frequency (nominally 6 GHz) inaccuracy 11.2 kHz 125 noise 11.2 kHzrms 125 wideband noise 12 μVrms 125 Phase Inaccuracy 0.64° 125 Microwave amplitude inaccuracy 14 μV 125 (nominally 17 mV) noise 14 μVrms 125 Microwave duration inaccuracy 3.6 ps 125 (nominally 50 ns) noise 3.6 nsrms 125 + 1000 ppm

⇒ Fidelity = 99.9%

(Rabi freq. 1 MHz)

Electrical specifications

SLIDE 7

Example – Microwave generation

CMOS @ room-temperature

– Digital-to-analog converter (10-bit 500 MS/s) P = 24 mW – Phase-locked loop (9.2 - 12.7 GHz) P = 13 mW Ptot = 37 mW/qubit

With frequency multiplexing?

– Digital-to-analog converter (12-bit 1.6 GS/s) P = 40 mW – Phase-locked loop (9.2 - 12.7 GHz) P = 13 mW Ptot < 1 mW/qubit

[Lin, JSSC 2012] [Raczkowski, JSSC 2015] [Lin, JSSC 2014]

640 MHz Q1 Q64

. . .

SLIDE 8

Cryo-CMOS devices

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 10 20 30 40 VDS [V] IDS [µA] T=300K NMOS PMOS 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 10 20 30 40 VDS [V] IDS [µA] T=300K T=20K NMOS PMOS 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 10 20 30 40 VDS [V] IDS [µA] T=300K T=20K T=4K NMOS PMOS

+ _ + _

VDS VGS IDS

W/L=0.4/1.61 0.322-μm CMOS VGS = 1.5 V

SLIDE 9

Cryo-CMOS devices

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.3 0.5 1 1.5 2 VDS [V] ID [mA] 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 VDS [V] ID [µ A] 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 VDS [V] ID [µ A] 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.3 0.5 1 1.5 2 VDS [V] ID [mA]

0.16 µm CMOS – thick oxide 40 nm CMOS – thin oxide

SLIDE 10

T = 20 mK – 100 mK T = 1 K - 4 K T = 300 K DEMUX References ADC DAC DAC T sensor N-qubit Quantum Processor ADC Digital control MUX

Towards a scalable quantum computer

T = 20 mK – 100 mK T = 1 K - 4 K T = 300 K DEMUX References ADC DAC DAC T sensor N-qubit Quantum Processor ADC Digital control MUX

Low-noise amplifier Cryo-FPGA

Temp. sensors

RF oscillator