Feeding 1.34 Billion with Nutritional Security Anil Kumar - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Feeding 1.34 Billion with Nutritional Security

Anil Kumar Srivastava

Agricultural Scientist Recruitment Board, New Delhi

memberasrb.as@gmail.com; aksrivastava.asrb@gmail.com

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Indian Food and Agriculture: The Real Era

• f Science, Technology and Innovation
• From “Food deficient” and “Food Import” in 1947 to

“Food Self-sufficiency” and “Food Export” in 1980

• From “Conventional farming” to “Technology led

agriculture”

• Ushered in through Green, White, Blue and Yellow

Revolutions

Green, White and Blue Revolutions

Between 1951 and 2017-18

Food grain production 51 to 273.4 mt Horticultural production 40 to 295.8 mt Milk production 17 to 163.7 mt (No. 1) Fish production 0.75 to 10.8 mt Meat production 7 mt Egg production 82.9 billion Poverty and hunger percentages reduced to less than half

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Synergies Brought Revolution

Indian farmers achieved as much progress in wheat production in four years (1964–68), as during the preceding 4000 years

Assured and remunerative market was prime mover of farmers’ enthusiasm

• Technology Innovations
• Services Public Policies
• Farmers’ enthusiasm
• Political will

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

1966: Ship to Mouth

From 75 million tonnes to 273.4 million tonnes

2012: Food Bill

(Right to food with home grown food grains)

2017-18 : India Continued to Feed for the Last 5 Decades

Indian Agriculture as Today Indian Agriculture as Today

> 17% of the world’s human & 12% livestock population 2.3% of the world’s land 4.2% of the global water 142 ± 2 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated land 137% cropping intensity Land, water, biodiversity will shrink by 30-50% by 2050 52% of population earns livelihood from agriculture

Production of Food Grains (Million Ton)

198.36 208.6 217.28230.78 234.47 218.11 244.78257.44 261 257 273.4

50 100 150 200 250 300

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

4409 3854 2732 2641 2474 2396 2101 2001 1971 1952 1917 1874 1622 1622 1617 1364 1198 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Productivity of Food Grains (kg/ha)

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Changes in Consumption Pattern (% of food expenditure) - Urban

31.5 17.9 6.2 15 8 28.9 18.6 6.4 15.8 8.2 24.9 20.3 7.3 14.8 7 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Food grains Dairy products Egg, fish & meat Fruits & vegetables Edible oils

1993-94 2004-05 2011-12

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Changes in Consumption Pattern (% of food expenditure) - Rural

44.8 15 5.2 12.2 7 38.7 15.5 6 14.5 8.4 31.7 18.7 7.4 13.8 7.8 10 20 30 40 50 Foodgrains Dairy products Egg, fish & meat Fruits & vegetables Edible oils

1993-94 2004-05

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Demand in 2030 (Million Ton)

236 14 24 125 65 112 15 311 21 39 192 103 185 26

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Food Grains Edible Oil Sugar Vegetables Fruits Milk Meat, Egg & Fish

2010 2030

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

50.8 82.2 108.42 129.59 176.39 196.81 174.77 213.19 208.6 234.47 218.11 241.57 259.29 257.13 264.38 297 450

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Million Tonnes

Food Grains Production Over the Years & Projection

• Providing

food and nutrition to 1,439 million by 2020 and 1,619 million by 2050

• More than 80 percent of Indian farmers are

marginal (up to 1 hectare) and small (1–2 hectares)

• Nearly 40% of them (about 160 million) are

most vulnerable, marginalized and food insecure

• The farms are diverse, heterogeneous and

unorganized

• Almost 60 percent of net cultivated area is

rainfed

Major Challenges for Major Challenges for Indian Food Sector Indian Food Sector

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Farm size in Indian Agriculture

% of total households 70% [PERCEN TAGE] 9% 4% Marginal Small Medium Large

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

2.41 1.89 1.61 1.4 1.25 1.18 0.09 ?

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Arrable land/capita (ha)

Challenge: Producing More From Less for More

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

• 17
• 10
• 1
• 4
• 4
• 4
• 25
• 30
• 25
• 20
• 15
• 10
• 5

Climate Change: Projected Change in Agricultural Productivity in 2050

Losses: Dairy – 1%, Food grains – 10%, Horticulture – 30-40 % Loss is estimated to be more than

• Rs. 80,000 Crore annually

Loss can be reduced substantially by providing appropriate Post Harvest Technology & Management (Cleaning, Sorting, Grading, Drying, Cooling, Packaging, Storage, Milling, Refining etc ) in value chain

Post Harvest Management : Biggest Challenge

[VALUE] 42% [VALUE] Organized Sector Unorganized Sector Small Scale Industries

Sector Wise Share of Food Processing Industry in India

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Dairying: The Major Food Enterprise

In 1964-65 rice production was 39.3 MT which increased to 106 MT In corresponding period, milk production increased from 17 MT to 163.74 MT Milk group has highest contribution to livestock output (70-73%) In 2016-17, the outcome of milk and milk products was more than sum of outcome of wheat, rice, pulses and all

• ther cereals.

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

16.48 16.15 25.08 4.10 4.17 5.35 4.58 2.89 3.40

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Contribution of Different Commodities in Agricultural GDP

1999-2000

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

20.14 18.35 16.81 6.26 5.53 5.15 3.93 2.97 2.96

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

Contribution of Different Commodities in Agricultural GDP

2014-15

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

India: The Largest Milk Producing Country

18.5 12.1 6.5 5.4 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.1 2.1 1.9

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Percentage contribution

India surpasses USA in 1998 to become the largest milk producer Growth rate in 2016-17 was 9.6%

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Technology and Innovation Led Milk Production in India

17 20 22 31.6 53.9 80.69 128.4134 140 146155.5 163.74

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Million Ton Milk

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

World has Hidden Hunger & Malnutrition

• In world, 842 million people (about 12% of total

population) or about one in eight people are estimated to be suffering from chronic hunger

• Since

1990-92, globally the total number

• f

undernourished has fallen by 17%. In developing countries number of hungry people reduced from 994 million in 1990-92 to 791 million in 2012-14

• Globally,

micronutrient deficiency is

• f

greatest

• significance. Of those, vitamin A, Iodine, Iron and Zinc are

most important

• Globally, more than 2 billion people were reported to be

deficient in one or more micronutrients

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

• By 2050 Global population

will increase from 7.18 billion (2014) to 9.6 billion and to feed them food production has to be increased by 70%

• Hunger

and Malnutrition will persist and affects a significant proportion

• f

global population

Will Hunger and Mal-nutrition Continue?

• Food production has doubled during the last 25 years

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

There is Hidden Hunger and Malnutrition in India

• Despite rapid economic growth, 1/4th of world’s hungry and

poor have their home in India

• More than 70% Indian population consume less than 50% of

the RDA of micronutrient

• 6000 children die annually due to malnutrition or lack of

micronutrients in diet

• 80% women of reproductive age are suffering with Fe

deficiency anemia

• 57% women and children are suffering with vitamin A

deficiency, although blindness due to vitamin A deficiency has been eliminated

• Iodine deficiency disorder continue to be public health

problem, though prevalence of goiter has been reduced

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

65% 58% 90% 56% 60% 83%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Zinc Vitamin A Iron Rural Urban

Average Consumption of Micronutrients

(%age of RDA)

More than 100 million children under 5 years are underweight and unable to realize their full socio-economic and human potential

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

4.8 20.4 13.5 13.1 18.9 11.4 5.2 25.4 21.9 5.8

5 10 15 20 25 30

Undernourishment in Total Population

P e r c e n t

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Children Underweight & Undernourishment in Total Population

22.5 20.8 20.9 44.2 33.1 31.6 20.4 13.5 13.1 18.9 11.4 25.4 10 20 30 40 50 Sri Lanka Indonesia Phillippines India Vietnam Pakistan Percentage

% of under weight children below 5

Share of Underweight Children Below Five Years of Age

[CATEGORY NAME], [VA LUE] [CATEGORY NAME], [VA LUE] [CATEGORY NAME], [VA LUE] [CATEGORY NAME], [VA LUE] [CATEGORY NAME], [VA LUE]

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Comparison between India and China for Prevalence of Undernourishment

• 41.9
• 6.0

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

46% 39% 6.6% 6.4% 5.5% 4.9% 4.2% 8% 20% 31% 7% 0% 12% 26%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Nutritional deficiencies TB COPD, Asthma etc Infectious diseases Hepatitis Diabetes Heart diseases, strok

% of population afflicted % of growth between 2007-2016

Mal-nutrition and Diseases in India has Increased in Last Ten Years

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

41 48 33 13 12 5 4

10 20 30 40 50 60 % soil samples deficient

Micronutrient Deficiency in Indian Soils

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Milk Nutrients in Nutritional Security

Milk accounts for 9.2% and 12.4% of protein intake in rural and urban areas, respectively Important source of Ca, Mg, P, K, Iodine, Se, Vitamin A, D, B12, K, Riboflavin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid

• 1. Calcium: Improving bone health, hypertension, colonic

anticarcinogenic

• 2. Carotenoids: anti-oxidant, vision improvement
• 3. SCFA (Butyric acid): regulation of cell growth & anti-

tumor activity

• 4. Lactose: development of brain, prebiotic
• 5. Milk

and whey proteins minor components and bioactive peptides have therapeutic values

National Conference on “Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Summary

• Science led growth and development in food and

agriculture will continued to feed future India

• Let us work together towards the common National

goal i.e. for accelerating science led food production to provide food and nutritional security for every citizen of the country

• The new vision for agriculture food sector: Let us

enhance productivity by 40%; reduce the hunger and rural poverty by 30% and reduce the emission by 20%.

Thanks …