FYS3610 Introduction Lasse Clausen lasse.clausen@fys.uio.no - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
fys3610 introduction
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

FYS3610 Introduction Lasse Clausen lasse.clausen@fys.uio.no - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 06, 2022 679 likes •1.16k views

FYS3610 Introduction Lasse Clausen lasse.clausen@fys.uio.no Outline Technicalities Kristian Birkeland Sun-Earth connection, northern lights Space weather impact 4DSpace research initiative Student opportunities

slide-1
SLIDE 1

FYS3610 – Introduction

Lasse Clausen lasse.clausen@fys.uio.no

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Outline

8/23/2016 2

  • Technicalities
  • Kristian Birkeland
  • Sun-Earth connection, northern lights
  • Space weather impact
  • 4DSpace research initiative
  • Student opportunities
slide-3
SLIDE 3

Technicalities

8/23/2016 3

  • Website
  • List of participants
  • Project work

– Pick a date from the list – Groups of two – 10-15 pages – Due by 27 November 2016

  • Exams
slide-4
SLIDE 4

Overview over lectures

8/23/2016 4

Week Topic Keywords Curriculum 34 Introduction, plasma basics Gyration, 1st order drifts, magnetic mirror, loss cone BSPP Ch. 2 PESE Ch. 5.3 35 Magnetohydrodynamics Particle distribution function, Vlasow equation, MHD equations, magnetic reconnection, Debye length, plasma frequency BSSP Chs. 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.5, 7.3 36 The Sun Internal structure, atmospheric layers, dynamics PESE Ch 3.1 lecture 37 Solar wind Properties, Parker model, Parker spiral, sectoring & current sheets, radial dependence PESE Chs. 6.1 & 6.2 38 Structure of the terrestrial magnetosphere Internal magnetic field, spherical harmonic expansion, dipole description, Chapman-Ferraro current, tail current PESE Chs. 5.2, 6.4, 6.5 39 Structure of the ionosphere Ionization profile, D-, E-, F-layer, dynamics PESE Chs. 3.2, 4.1-4.4 40 Structure of the atmosphere Composition ,thermal structure, Ozone & UV radiation PESE Chs. 2.2 & 2.3 41 Midterm exam 42 Open magnetosphere Dungey cycle, corotation, convection, ECPC BSSP 5.2-5.4 43 Ionospheric conductivity and currents Pedersen/Hall conductivities, collision frequencies/mobilities, region 1/2 currents BSSP 4.2, 4.4 PESE 7.2 7.3 44 Substorms and aurora Generation of aurora, proton aurora, substorm phenomenology BSSP 5.6 PESE 7.4, 8.1 45 Plasma interactions with other planets Interaction with unmagnetized bodies, radiation belts Lecture 46 Instrumentation Incoherent & coherent scatter radars, magnetometers, all-sky imagers Lecture 47 Reports, repitition 48 Exam

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Kristian Birkeland (1867-1917)

8/23/2016 5

  • The ”first auroral physicist”
  • Professor at 31 years old
  • Experiment + Theory = Innovation

(60 patents)

  • Fixation of Nitrogen – gave birth

to Norsk Hydro/Yara - a world leading fertilizer company

  • After three expeditions in 1902-

1903 he concluded that northern lights are associated with currents floating along magnetic field lines – The Birkeland currents

slide-6
SLIDE 6

The Terrella (1901)

8/23/2016 6

slide-7
SLIDE 7

The Terrella (2015)

8/23/2016 7

slide-8
SLIDE 8

The Terrella

8/23/2016 8

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Birkeland currents

8/23/2016 9

Birkeland currents

slide-10
SLIDE 10

The auroral oval

8/23/2016 10

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Norway’s fortunate location

8/23/2016 11

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Buuuh!

8/23/2016 12

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Living with a star

8/23/2016 13

We live in the extended atmosphere of a variable star – the Sun

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Dynamic Sun

8/23/2016 14

  • The Sun also has a magnetic field
  • Sun spots occur in pairs connected by magnetic

field lines

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 15

slide-16
SLIDE 16

8/23/2016 16

Sun-Earth interaction

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 17

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 18

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 19

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 20

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 21

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 22

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 23

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 24

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 25

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Sun-Earth interaction

8/23/2016 26

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Birkeland currents

8/23/2016 27

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Earth’s atmosphere

8/23/2016 28

slide-29
SLIDE 29

The auroral oval

8/23/2016 29

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Aurora on other planets

8/23/2016 30

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Halloween storm, October 2003

8/23/2016 31

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Halloween storm, October 2003

8/23/2016 32

  • Aircrafts communication systems at HF/VHF suffered severe

degradation and periods (over 130 hours) of blackout

  • Trans-polar flights were re-routed to avoid radiation hazards
  • More than 20 satellites were affected; one Japanese satellite

lost

  • Astronauts on ISS had to move into service module for

radiation protection

  • FAA issued first-ever alert on radiation doses received by

airplane passengers above 25,000 ft

  • Power system failure in Malmo, Sweden (30 October)
  • US Coast Guard to temporarily shut down LORAN C navigation

system

  • WAAS service interrupted over US; high-latitude GPS receiver
  • utages
slide-33
SLIDE 33

Ionospheric impact

8/23/2016 33

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Ionospheric impact

8/23/2016 34

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Ionospheric impact

8/23/2016 35

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Similar example

8/23/2016 36

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Similar example

8/23/2016 37

slide-38
SLIDE 38

Space weather

8/23/2016 38

Signal emitted by satellite Scintillations at the receiver

  • Ionospheric irregularities produce

fluctuations in radio waves, called scintillations

  • Severe amplitude fading and strong

phase scintillation affect the reliability

  • f GPS systems and satellite

communications. The scintillations occur mainly at polar, auroral and equatorial regions; more frequently around the solar maxima

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Space weather impact

8/23/2016 39

40?m 200? m Seismic offset=180?m 50m Offset reference point Centre of first group Centre of source

Geo Pacific, Fugro-Geoteam AS

Preliminary Streamer setup

Distance rope Distance rope Distance rope Distance rope

100m 100m 100m 100m 100m

slide-40
SLIDE 40

ICI rocket

8/23/2016 40

slide-41
SLIDE 41

ICI so far

8/23/2016 41

ICI 1 - 2003: failed ICI 2 - 05/12/2008: Success! ICI 3 - 01/12/2011: Success! ICI 4 - 19/02/2014: Success! ICI 5 - Winter 2016 All rockets launched from Svalbard (except ICI 4 from Andenes)

slide-42
SLIDE 42

CubeSTAR – a space weather satellite

8/23/2016 42

UiO’s Langmuir probe concept: m-NLP (Multiple Needle Langmuir Probes) Achieve meter resolution instead km resolution of electron density structures

v i2

V I K Ne   

2 2

slide-43
SLIDE 43

NORSAT 1

8/23/2016 43

slide-44
SLIDE 44

UiO in space

8/23/2016 44

  • Cluster
  • Rosetta
  • Bepi-Colombo
  • ICI series of sounding rockets
  • CubeSTAR
  • NORSAT 1
  • Student rockets
slide-45
SLIDE 45

Study on Svalbard

8/23/2016 45

slide-46
SLIDE 46

CaNoRock

8/23/2016 46