India Thank the Members and Secretariat of WP1 For Organizing this - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
A round table on safety of TWO - WHEELERS Exploring the Use of Road Safety Legal Instruments to Address Powered Two-Wheeler Safety policies in ASIAN REGION Dr. Rohit Baluja President ,Institute of Road Traffic Education (IRTE) India
A round table on safety of “TWO-WHEELERS” Exploring the Use of Road Safety Legal Instruments to Address Powered Two-Wheeler Safety policies in “ASIAN REGION”
President ,Institute of Road Traffic Education (IRTE) India
Globally 23% of the deaths in road accidents are constituted by Two-wheelers. In Asia 34% of the deaths in road accidents are constituted by Two wheelers wheelers. We cannot achieve this target with out considering the importance of Two-wheelers today
UN Objective In “GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2013”
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Asia-Pacific America Europe Passenger cars 33.6 37.5 82.9 Commercial vehicles 8.5 38.7 13.5 Two-wheelers 57.8 23.6 2.4
33.6 37.5 82.9 8.5 38.7 13.5 57.8 23.6 2.4
Category wise Production of Vehicles (%)
CATEGORY WISE PRODUCTION OF VEHICLES 2011
Source: Auto Industry India in Changing world order.
42% 15% 3% 23% 17%
America
Car Occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians 50% 12% 4% 27% 7%
Europe
Car Occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians 37% 14% 3% 28% 18%
Eastern Mediterranean
Car Occupants Motorized 2- 3 wheelers Cyclists 15% 34% 4% 12% 35%
South-East asia
Car Occupants Motorized 2- 3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians 43% 7% 5% 38% 7%
Africa
Car Occupants Motorized 2- 3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians 23% 36% 8% 25% 8%
Western Pacific
Car Occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Car Occupants 31% Motorized 2-3 wheelers 23% Cyclists 5% Pedestrians 22% Other 19%
World
Source: Global Status Report on Road safety, 2013
Types Moped Electric Two-wheelers Scooters Motorcycle
CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES Classification Cylinder Size(Cubic centimeter)
Moped ≤50cc Small Motorcycle/scooter 50cc-150cc Sports Bike/Heavyweight Motorcycle ≥150cc
Source: Motorcycles, European Market Briefs 2013-2014
According to United Nations Convention 1968:
50 cc and a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km (30 miles) per hour.
with or without a sidecar, which is equipped with a propelling engine whose unladen mass does not exceed 400 kg.
Factors influencing motorcycle ownership in Asian Cities
Factors Description Impact Cost & financing Low cost & availability through easy financing terms, sometimes at zero interest rates Cost & financing Low cost & availability through easy financing terms, sometimes at zero interest rates Fuel Economy Consumes less fuel & has better mileage compared to other modes Congestion Highly Congested areas suit 2-wheelers Trip Length Motorcycles provide highly competitive service for trip lengths at the 10/km range while for trip lengths greater than 10km, buses 7 cars are preferred State of Public Transport & NMT Low levels of services & adequate facilities for public transportation & non-motorized transportation Parking Less Parking space requirement Maneuverabili ty High maneuverability in traffic congested areas & narrow streets Technology & Innovations Maintenance & technological problems are relatively easier & cheaper to manage Tax Lower tax rates compared to 4-wheeled vehicles Regulations & Enforcement Poor &/or lack of regulations & insufficient enforcement
Source: Clean Air initiative for Asian Cities, PCFV, 2010
Overtaking and movement of traffic in lines
convention to Cycles, mopeds, motor cycles and vehicles which are not motor vehicles within the meaning of this Convention, or to the drivers of motor vehicles whose permissible maximum mass exceeds 3,500 kg or whose maximum speed, by design, cannot exceed 40 km (25 miles) per hour. (Source:Overtaking and movement of traffic in lines(ARTICLE 11 of Convention on Road signs 1968) ARTICLE 23 Standing and parking
two-wheeled mopeds and two-wheeled motor cycles without side-car shall not stand or be parked two abreast on the carriageway. Standing or parked vehicles shall, unless the layout of the area permits otherwise, be placed parallel to the edge of the carriageway.
allow themselves to be towed by another vehicle, or to carry, tow or push objects which hamper their cycling or endanger other road users.
ARTICLE 27 Special rules applicable to cyclists, moped drivers and motor cyclists
and on the additional saddle (pillion), if any, fitted behind the driver.
rest of the carriageway. In the same circumstances they may authorize moped drivers to use the cycle track and, if they consider it advisable, prohibit them from using the rest of the carriageway.
Parties or subdivisions thereof may authorize exceptions to this provision and, in particular, authorize the transport of passengers on such additional saddle or saddles as may be fitted on the vehicle.
ARTICLE 32 Rules of the use of lamps
front and a red lamp to the rear. Domestic legislation may permit the use of daytime running lamps instead of passing lamps.
with batteries, at the extreme edge of a carriageway in a built-up area. Rider permits and licensing for mopeds and motorcycles
Research has shown that successful completion of a rider-training programme can provide the equivalent of up to six months of riding experience.
moped and then to a motorcycle or car. In countries where the climate makes two-wheeler riding attractive, mopeds are seen as a special form of bicycle and a first step towards motorized transport.
powerful vehicles. Thus, a learner rider in Europe will be restricted to a limited performance motorcycle for the first two years and then allowed to ride a more powerful machine.
such riders usually take some form of training to become familiar with the operation of the motorcycle.
factors in each country and experience shows that no one solution can be claimed to have a better result than another.
Context
Rider Permits & Licensing for Mopeds & Motorcycles
allowed to ride a more powerful machine.
Rider training
experienced riders.
and avoidance and the importance of rider attitude and behaviour and its consequences.
Protective Gear
as is legislated already, for example, by the European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic, 1968.
reduced visibility and to use additional protective equipment such as: proper clothing, gloves, boots, long trousers, and a durable long-sleeved jacket; eye and face protection, etc.
Traffic Engineering measures for two-wheeled motorized vehicles mentioned in UN Consolidated Resolution on Road Traffic Pavement quality Road markings Roadside Features Exclusive lanes for two- wheeled motorized vehicles
Following Issues regarding Road condition needs to be engineered with special emphasis :
and some thermoplastic markings may in time be so slippery that braking becomes hazardous.
concrete retaining walls or profiled crash barriers without unprotected posts and protruding sections is advisable. Policies & strategies mentioned in UN to improve infrastructure for Two-wheeled motorized vehicles:
construction and maintenance.
use cycle tracks and lanes
pavement quality
motorways & expressways for motorcycles and deal promptly with any problems.
EMERGING ECONOMIES TRANSPORTATION:
Two Wheeler Rider Philosophy
DEVELOPED NATIONS: * TOURISM * SPORTS * ENFORCEMENT
Source: News Paper- The Atlantic, Aug.14, 2012.
20 40 60 80 100
India Vietnam Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia Laos Srilanka
72 95 83 80 46.42 81 52.2
28 5 17 20 53.44 19 47.8
Percentage of Vehicles Countries
Composition of Vehicles
Two wheelers (%) Other vehicles(%)
Comparison of Total Number of vehicles and Two wheelers -country wise
India Vietnam Cambodia Percentage of two- wheeler accidents 21 79 50 Total 100 100 100
21 79 50 100 100 100 20 40 60 80 100 120
Percentage of Two wheeler Accidents
Two-wheeler fatalities in Road Crashes, 2011
UN Consolidated Resolution on Road Traffic
Source ITDP China
Source: ITDP China
Source: ITDP China
Source: ITDP China
reduced, and significant reductions in carbon monoxide, particulates and nitrogen oxide emissions were reported.
no motorcycles) compared to the same period a year earlier. Crashes declined by 17.5%, deaths by 2.2%, injuries by 20.4%, and property losses by 42.3%.
cases, a decline of 15.3% compared with the corresponding period a year
greatly improved.
Source: ITDP China
Car Lane 3.5 m Car Lane 3.5 m Motor Bike Lane Motor Bike Lane
Road Engineering- Segregated lane for Two-wheeler Traffic
Segregated lane for Two-wheeler Traffic In ROW (Right of Way) Good Practices in Malaysia & Taiwan
Road Engineering- Height, Shape & Colour of Road Signs & Signals
Figure-Height restriction for Traffic Light Pole Figure- Various Shapes of Road Signs Figure- Various Colour of Road Signs Figure- Good Practices for Height restriction of Traffic Light Pole for Tw0-Wheelers
Concept of forgiving roads Soft crash barrier
Two-wheeler safety
in road safety and prevent roadway departure crashes by making the signs appear brighter and easier to see and read at night.
I N S T I T U T E O F R O A D T R A F F I C E D U C A T I O N I N S T I T U T E O F R O A D T R A F F I C E D U C A T I O N
G R A D U A T E L I C E N S I N G
Rider Apparel
Protect yourself Maintain safe distance from vehicles Make yourself visible Look out for
hazards Maintain your bike well
Usage of Helmet/Headgear, Knee Pads, Shoulder Pads, Leather jacket, gloves and boots Wearing Retro reflective & Bright coloured clothes Maintaining safe distance from vehicles Look out for obstacles and road hazards Usage of Antilock braking system, tyre condition, air pressure, suspension.
Retro reflective & Bright coloured Jackets for Two wheelers Visibility Protective measures for two wheeler riding
5 35 UNESCAP 1968 Convention on Road Traffic
Countries Ratified Countries Not Ratified
6 34 UNESCAP 1968 Convention on Road Signs & Signals
Countries Ratified Countries Not Ratified
Road Safety For Two Wheeler Research Study Area
Workshop Location
Compiled Review Traffic Engineering Vehicle Rider/Human Safety Apparel Governing Legislation
Traffic Engineering, Lane Widths/Segregation, Design Speed/ Operating Speed and Possible Posting Speeds Safety Features, Carrying Capacity, ABS and Other elements Need for Training Helmets with Standards considering Climatic Conditions and speed All the issues mentioned
Final Submission to UNECE through UNESCAP
Final Report after discussions held in all workshops