Transportation Technologies Robert James Rutgers Date 3/26/2018 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Robert James Rutgers Date 3/26/2018 Contact rojames@hntb.com (732) 689-1989

Disruptive Transportation Technologies

DISRUPTIVE FORCES AT WORK

• Technological advances offer both

challenges and opportunities for transit clients

• Disruption can be negative if we

allow it to be

• The future is not something we can

leave to chance

Eight Game Changers

• Rail Signaling Technology

(PTC/CBTC)

• Automated Shuttles
• Bus Automation
• Connected Vehicle Solutions
• Bus Electrification Facilities
• Mobility Hubs
• Integrated TNC Solutions
• IoT/Big Data

Beginning of Connected Automated Vehicles

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• I first Presented at ITS

America 1994

• It was one of the FHWA

Concept Families

• Showed how the

infrastructure communications and vehicle sensor technology would evolve to give us Connected Automated Vehicles

MTA Genius Challenge

Connected Vehicles (CV) and Ultrawideband (UWB) for Location and Communication Based Train Control

Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6th Ave

Enhanced GPS Ultra-wideband

Phase 1

Non-proprietary

Standards Based CV/UWB Many Vendors Low Cost Wireless Integrated Lighting Rapid Deployment Non-vital Advanced Cab Signaling

Phase 2

Vital CBTC/PTC

CBTC and Cab Signaling

Co-location Train to Wayside Communiction (Location/Signal-Switch Indications) T r a i n t

• T

r a i n C

• m

m u n i c a t i

• n

s

UWB Wayside Transponder in Existing Lighting DSRC/CV Radio Wayside Unit Existing/New CBTC Zone Controller or Signals Field End Point

Up/Down Stream Location Data Co-location

CV/UWB On-board Unit & Antenna Advanced Cab Signaling Display

VOBC Emergency Brake Speed

On-board Equipment (OBE)

Door Controllerer Maintenance Bus

UWB Wayside Transponder in Existing Lighting

Total l Sit ituational Awareness

High accuracy lo low la latency UWB

• Train Spacing
• Safety –Total Situational Awareness
• Compatibility
• Cost
• Reliability & Resiliency
• Power & Space Constraints
• Installation Time

Core Signaling Benefits

Public Benefits by 2020

• Onboard WiFi
• Safer efficient advanced

cab signaling Public Benefits by 2024

• Safer automated control
• Trespasser detection
• More frequent service

Drone Inspection and Maintenance

Other Benefits from CV & Total Situational Awareness

Right-of-way Worker protection Yard & Non-revenue Equipment tracking Public Onboard WiFi Precision asset management and tracking Trespasser Detection Phase 1

Just to name a few

• Challenges
• Dealing with signaling vendors – minimal in Phase 1 only
• Dealing with train car vendors – minimal in Phase 2 only
• Vital safety certification of new technology
• Costs
• Phase 1 - $100M - $200M – Communications deployment and Cab signaling
• Phase 2 - $100M - $200M – Full CBTC deployment
• Compare to $20 billion cost for current CBTC technologies
• Low life cycle maintenance costs

Biggest saving comes with easy installation in existing lighting during normal maintenance cycles. No major track outages for in track work and wiring.

Challenges and Costs

Retrofit Existing Monorail Structure

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Repurposing Existing Infrastructure

Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway

Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway

Repurposing Existing Infrastructure

APM – CV/AV Comparison

APM CV/AV

Service Flexibility Fixed Route and Schedule On-Demand, Real-Time, Dynamic Schedule Vehicle Fleet Flexibility None Mixed Vehicle Size Vendor Options Limited Many Tracks, Interlocking, Switches, Electrical Substations, Power Required Not Required Longitudinal/Lateral Control Tracks Sensors and Algorithms Aligned with Future Mobility Trends No Yes Deployment Cost High Infrastructure Cost Minimal Infrastructure Cost O&M Costs High Low Construction Duration High Low Deployments to Date Multiple Deployments in US and Around the World Mostly Short- and Long-Term Trials in US and Around the World NY/NJ AV Legislation N/A AV Testing Legal in NY NJ Senate Bill Introduced

AUTOMATED SHUTTLES

• Low-Speed, Multi-Passenger Vehicles
• Established Routes or Separate Facilities
• Operational in Heathrow, Las Vegas, Dubai, University of

Michigan

• Use Cases and Services
• First and last mile service
• Circulation for campuses, residential developments and CBDs
• Current HNTB Projects – Planning Stage
• JTA U2C Program
• HART Shuttle
• PennDOT – PSU Harrisburg
• Smart Columbus
• Foxconn Development (Wisconsin DOT)
• JFK Airport
• Other Opportunities
• Airports (APM replacement, access to airport landside services)
• Treasure Island (SFCTA)
• SWBID – District of Columbia DOT

Existing CV/AV Shuttle Examples

London Heathrow POD ULTra PRT

Existing CV/AV Shuttle Examples

Heathrow Airport University of Michigan Las Vegas

Exis istin ing CV/AV Shuttle le Examples

Amsterdam Schiphol Airport Rivium GRT - Parkshuttle

Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options

(Larger Vehicles – 24+ passengers) Amsterdam Airport :: Mercedes-Benz Future Bus Eugene, Oregon :: EmX Articulated

Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options

(Mini Shuttles – 12 passengers)

Local Motors/Intel’s Olli Helsinki/Oslo/Tokyo - EZ-10 electric Mini Buses Netherlands ParkShuttle – 2getthere GRT Greece/Spain CityMobile2

CV/AV Technologies

Autonomous Vehicles Connected Vehicles Bus Platooning UWB

BUS AUTOMATION

• Higher Speed on Dedicated

Roadways or Lanes

• Slow Adoption Rate Among Bus

Manufacturers and Clients

• Shuttle Makers Evaluating Market

Opportunities to Fill Void

• Current HNTB Projects
• Lincoln Tunnel Pilot Concept
• MDX XT Lane Concept
• HNTB Opportunities
• Osceola County, FL

Connected Automated Deployment in NYC

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XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900 Bus retrofit through dedicated lane)

Automated Vehicles Components

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Safe Gap Separation Policy

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• Vehicles generate force fields based on individual vehicle

dynamic capabilities and uncertainties

• Infrastructure exerts forces based on hard and soft delimiters
• Obstacles exert forces based on uncertainty from expected

motion

Safe Gap Difference

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• Spacing maximized for safety
• Can get close together as density increases based on response

capabilities and relative dynamic capabilities

• Lateral and longitudinal behavior is coupled

Response-time Safe Gap Spacing

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Ultrawideband in NYC

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NYC CV Pilot use of Ultra-wideband https://youtu.be/ZycoQmnNo18

V2X Accuracy Not Sufficient

Enhanced GPS vs UWB

• n 6th Ave

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Enhanced GPS Ultra-wideband

Sensor Limitations  V2X & Sensor Fusion (Longitudinal)

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• Conventional Sensors (Radar, Vision, Lidar) have problems with

weather, curves, hills, obstructions

• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenarios

Straight Road Good Weather Obstacle Detection Curved Road Vertical Curves Snow & Rain Dirty Windshield Heavy Snow or Ice Merging Traffic Multiple Objects Beyond Line of Sight Multiple V2V Vehicles Obstacles/Pedestrians Road Hazards/Potholes Tunnels/Urban Canyon Speed Limit Detection Radar $ Vision $ LIDAR $$$ V2X $ UWB $ Longitudinal Control

Sensor Limitations  V2X & Sensor Fusion (Lateral)

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• Conventional Sensors have problems with poor lane

markings, work zones, merging, weather, obstructions,

• bjects beyond line of sight
• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenarios

Good Lane Markings Good Weather Poor Lane Markings Merging Traffic Snow & Rain Good Visibility Beyond Line of Sight Signal Phase Snow & Rain Obstacles/Pedestrians Signal Timing Signal Priority Travel Lanes Radar $ Vision $ LIDAR $$$ V2X $ UWB $ Lateral Control Intersection

Uber Crash

Where are we going with Automated Vehicles?

• Near Term
• Low-speed autonomous fixed route deployments
• High-speed Semi-dedicated connected facilities
• Automated Trains
• Mid Term
• Low speed 1st/Last Mile On Demand Shuttles
• Automated Vehicle Guideways replacing rail at

airports, subways, commuter rail and long haul

• Long Term
• Automated Mobility on Demand

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CONNECTED VEHICLE SOLUTIONS

• Signal Phase and Timing
• Transit Signal Priority
• BRT Solutions
• Eco-Driving
• Safety Applications
• Intersection Collision

Avoidance

• Queue Warnings
• Passenger Boarding
• Pedestrian Safety
• Congestion Reduction
• Traveler Information
• Routing and Navigation
• Location Services

HNTB Project Examples:

• NJDOT TSP/Connectivity
• Tampa CV Pilot
• Smart Columbus
• FDOT FRAME Program

HNTB Opportunities:

• Houston Metro BRT
• HART

Transit Signal Priority/Emergency Vehicle Preemption

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1) Swap out existing telematics unit with DSRC OBU 2) Install pedestrian detection equipment 3) Install DSRC roadside equipment interface to traffic controller 4) OBU identifies when intersection is cleared

CV TSP Architecture

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Roadside Equipment RSU Management Center

Traffic Management Center First Responder Dispatch Transit Management Center

Integrated Data Exchange USDOT SCMS

State User 3rd Party User Performance Metrics Situational Status Reports DSRC Backhaul TMC Staff EV Dispatch Transit Staff System Status/ Control Certificate Detection

Traffic Signal Controller Pedestrian Detection Equipment

Satellite

GNSS Vehicle (with UI)

Transit Vehicle Public Safety Vehicle

OBU Veh Sys

Emergency Vehicle Operator & Transit Vehicle Operator

UI

Ops Data Exch

Backhaul Pedestrian Backhaul Satellite

Connected Vehicle TSP Architecture

Signal Priority Request(s) Signal Status

On-Board Equipment

Light and Siren Monitor Light and Siren Monitor Yes → Broadcast Signal Priority No → Do Nothing Yes → Broadcast Signal Priority No → Do Nothing

Roadside Equipment

Priority Request Arbitrator Priority Request Arbitrator Yes → Adjust Signal Timing Plan Respond with Signal Status No → Do Nothing Yes → Adjust Signal Timing Plan Respond with Signal Status No → Do Nothing

GNSS

Time Sync and Location Time Sync

BUS ELECTRIFICATION FACILITIES

• Fast Charging Technologies
• Wireless Induction Capabilities
• Needs relative to improvements in battery

technology

• Dynamic induction and direct propulsion
• Station and Maintenance Facility

Opportunities

• JFK Airport electrification of bus fleet
• San Francisco Zero Emission Vehicle Study
• Austin Texas Metra electrification
• JTA U2C electrification
• Smart Columbus

MOBILITY HUBS

• Centers for Shared Mobility Services
• Transit station / stop
• Car sharing
• Bike sharing
• TNC pick-up / drop-off
• Automated shuttle service for FMLM or

circulation

• Parking and charging facilities
• Integrated multimodal information and

payment solutions

• HNTB Projects
• MDX – MIC / Mini-MICs
• Smart Columbus
• Ft. Lauderdale

TRANSIT-TNC COLLABORATION

March 21, 2018 – “Transit ridership fell in 31 of 35 major metropolitan areas in the U.S. last year…Between 2016 and 2017, ridership fell in each of the seven largest transit markets: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, D.C., San Francisco, Boston and Philadelphia.”

• Experts point to improving economy,

reliability issues, and TNCs

• Partnership and integration with transit

(Chris Kopp study)

• Off-Peak Solutions
• First and Last Mile Solutions
• Lesser Used Routes
• Transit agencies as regional mobility

managers

• New, right-sized service mix
• Combination of rail, BRT, fixed route,

FMLM shuttles, personalized services (PRT, TNCs, other mobility options)

• Dynamic, real-time solutions with high

reliability

IoT/Big Data

• High Accuracy Location

(UWB/5G)

• Large amounts of vehicle data
• Agency data sharing
• Probe data processing
• Cloud computing
• Blockchain processing

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Multi-Modal Solutions for the Future

• Smart City Solutions
• Automated, Connected, Electric

and Shared Vehicles (ACES)

• Largely driven by industry –

not government

• Collaboration is required
• Impacts on urban form and

land use, transportation system design, transit station design, airport design, parking, green space

Smart Columbus

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Questions?

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Robert James Contact rojames@hntb.com (732) 689-1989